How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places | Steve Boyes

61,584 views ・ 2018-07-25

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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 品妤 劉
00:12
Visible from space,
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從太空就可看見
00:13
the Okavango Delta
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歐卡萬哥三角洲,
00:15
is Africa's largest remaining intact wetland wilderness.
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它是非洲剩下最大 且未受損的濕地荒野。
00:20
This shining delta in landlocked Botswana is the jewel of the Kalahari,
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這塊位在內陸波札那的閃耀三角洲,
是喀拉哈里的珠寶,
00:26
more valuable than diamonds to the world's largest diamond producer
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比世界上最大的鑽石製造商 所做的鑽石還有價值,
00:30
and celebrated in 2014
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在 2014 年,它有榮幸
00:32
as our planet's 1000th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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被聯合國教科文組織列為 地球上的第一千個世界遺產。
00:36
Now, what you see here are the two major tributaries,
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畫面上的是兩條主要的支流,
00:39
the Cuito and the Cubango,
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奎托河和古班哥河,
00:41
disappearing up north into the little-known Angolan highlands.
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於北方消失在很少人 知道的安哥拉高地中。
00:45
This is the largest undeveloped river basin on the planet,
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這是地球上最大的未開發江河流域,
00:49
spanning an area larger than California.
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橫跨的範圍比加州還大。
00:53
These vast, undeveloped Angolan watersheds were frozen in time
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這些廣大、未開發的安哥拉流域,
被 27 年的內戰凍結。
00:57
by 27 years of civil war.
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00:59
In fact, Africa's largest tank battle since World War II
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事實上,二次大戰之後 非洲最大的坦克戰役地點就在
01:03
was fought over a bridge crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
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歐卡萬哥三角洲 一座跨越奎托河的橋上。
01:07
There on the right,
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在右手邊,
01:08
disappearing off into the unknown,
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消失在未知當中,
01:10
into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
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消失在「Terra do fim do mundo」中——
01:12
the land at the end of the earth,
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即:地球末端之地,
01:14
as it was known by the first Portuguese explorers.
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這是最初的葡萄牙探險家 給它起的名字。
01:18
In 2001, at the age of 22,
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2001 年,22 歲時,
01:21
I took a job as head of housekeeping at Vundumtiki Camp
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我接下了伏杜姆提奇 營地的總務長一職,
01:25
in the Okavango Delta ...
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營地位在歐卡萬哥三角洲……
01:27
a patchwork mosaic of channels, floodplains, lagoons
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這個地方就像是由水道、 泛濫平原、潟湖拼湊而成,
01:32
and thousands upon thousands of islands to explore.
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還有數千座島嶼有待探索。
01:36
Home to the largest remaining population of elephants on the planet.
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地球上所剩的大象, 大多居住在這個地方。
01:40
Rhinos are airlifted in C130s to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
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犀牛則被用 C130 運輸機 空運來這片荒野尋找保護區。
01:46
Lion,
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獅子、
01:47
leopard,
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黑豹、
01:48
hyena,
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土狼、
01:49
wild dog,
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野狗、
01:50
cheetah,
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印度豹、
01:52
ancient baobab trees that stand like cathedrals
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古老的猴麵包樹,就像大教堂一樣,
01:56
under the Milky Way.
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坐落在銀河之下。
01:57
Here, I discovered something obvious:
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在這裡,我發現了一件很明顯的事:
02:01
wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
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荒野也是我們天然的居住地。
02:04
We need these last wild places to reconnect with who we really are.
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我們需要這些最後的野外地區, 來重新連結我們的本質。
02:10
We --
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我們——
02:11
all seven billion of us --
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所有七十億人類——
02:12
must never forget we are a biological species
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永遠不能忘記我們是一種生物物種,
02:16
forever bound to this particular biological world.
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永遠和這個特殊的 生物世界連結在一起。
02:19
Like the waves connected to the ocean,
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就像海浪和海洋連結在一起,
02:21
we cannot exist apart from it --
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沒有它,我們不可能存在——
02:23
a constant flow of atoms and energy between individuals and species
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一天中,在全世界, 在個人和物種之間,
源源不絕的原子與能量流,
02:27
around the world in a day
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02:29
and out into the cosmos.
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向外流入宇宙。
02:33
Our fates are forever connected to the millions of species
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我們的命運永遠 和數百萬物種連結在一起,
02:36
we rely on directly and indirectly every day.
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我們每天直接和間接地 仰賴著這些物種。
02:42
Four years ago,
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四年前,
02:43
it was declared that 50 percent of all wildlife around the world
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宣佈的數字是,
在僅僅 40 年間全世界 就有 50% 的野生生物消失。
02:47
had disappeared in just 40 years.
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02:51
This is a mass drowning of 15,000 wildebeests
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這是 15,000 隻牛羚 集體溺水的景像,
02:54
that I witnessed in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
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是兩年前我在馬賽馬拉親眼見到的。
02:57
This is definitely our fault.
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這絕對是我們的錯。
03:01
By 2020, global wildlife populations are projected to have fallen
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到 2020 年, 全球的野生生物數量
預測會大大下降三分之二。
03:05
by a staggering two-thirds.
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03:07
We are the sixth extinction
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我們是第六次大滅絕,
03:10
because we left no safe space for millions of species
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因為我們沒有留下任何安全空間
給數百萬物種永續共存。
03:13
to sustainably coexist.
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03:16
Now, since 2010, I have poled myself eight times across the Okavango Delta
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從 2010 年起,我已經進入 歐卡萬哥三角洲各地共八次了,
03:22
to conduct detailed scientific surveys
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去進行細節的科學調查,
03:24
along a 200-mile, 18-day research transect.
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那是一項 18 天 橫越 200 英哩的研究。
03:28
Now, why am I doing this?
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我為何要這麼做?
03:29
Why am I risking my life each year?
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我為何每年要冒生命危險?
03:31
I'm doing this because we need this information
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我這麼做是因為 我們需要這些資訊,
03:33
to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
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才能夠在上游被開發前,
03:35
before upstream development happens.
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研究這塊幾乎未受污染的荒野。
03:37
These are the Wayeyi river bushmen, the people of the Okavango Delta.
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這些是瓦葉伊河流叢林地的居民, 歐卡萬哥三角洲人。
03:43
They have taught me all I know about the Mother Okavango --
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我對於歐卡萬哥母親的所知, 都是他們教的——
03:46
about presence in the wild.
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關於在荒野的生存。
03:47
Our shared pilgrimage across the Okavango Delta each year
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每年,我們都會旅行 穿過歐卡萬哥三角洲,
03:51
in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
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乘坐莫科洛舟或是獨木舟——
03:53
remembers millenia living in the wild.
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想起住在荒野的那數千年。
03:57
Ten thousand years ago,
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一萬年前,
03:59
our entire world was wilderness.
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整個世界都是荒野。
04:02
Today, wilderness is all that remains of that world, now gone.
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現今,那個世界不在了, 野外是它僅存下來的部分。
04:09
Ten thousand years ago, we were as we are today:
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一萬年前,我們就像現今一樣:
04:13
a modern, dreaming intelligence unlike anything seen before.
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前所未見的現代化、 會夢想的智慧生物。
04:17
Living in the wilderness is what taught us to speak,
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因為居住在荒野, 我們才學會說話,
04:19
to seek technologies like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
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學會尋求技術,像是 生火、石頭、弓箭、
04:23
medicine and poison,
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藥品,和毒物,
04:24
to domesticate plants and animals
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馴養動物,種植植物,
04:27
and rely on each other and all living things around us.
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依靠彼此以及我們周圍的所有生物。
04:30
We are these last wildernesses --
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我們是最後的荒野——
04:32
every one of us.
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我們每一個人。
04:34
Over 80 percent of our planet's land surface
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地球陸地表面有超過 80%
04:36
is now experiencing measurable human impact:
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現在正受到重大的人類影響:
04:40
habitat destruction
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摧毀棲息地
04:41
and illegal wildlife trade are decimating global wildlife populations.
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及非法野生生物貿易 都讓全球的野生生物數量大減。
04:45
We urgently need to create safe space for these wild animals.
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我們非常急需要為這些野生動物 創造出安全的空間。
04:49
So in late 2014,
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所以,2014 年後期,
04:51
we launched an ambitious project to do just that:
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我們發動了一項計畫, 為的就是這個目的:
04:54
explore and protect.
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探索和保護。
04:56
By mid-May 2015,
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到了 2015 年五月中,
04:58
we had pioneered access through active minefields
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我們以先鋒之姿, 穿過了活躍的雷區,
05:00
to the undocumented source lake of the Cuito River --
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進入到文件沒有記載的 奎托河源頭湖泊——
05:03
this otherworldly place;
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它是個超脫世俗的地方;
05:05
an ancient, untouched wilderness.
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古老,維持原樣的荒野。
05:08
By the 21st of May,
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五月 21 日,
05:09
we had launched the Okavango megatransect ...
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我們開始了歐卡萬哥大橫越——
05:13
in seven dugout canoes;
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搭乘七艘獨木舟;
05:14
1,500 miles, 121 days later,
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經過 121 天,行經 1,500 英哩路,
05:18
all of the poling, paddling and intensive research
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所有這些努力、划船、密集研究,
05:21
got us across the entire river basin to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
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讓我們得以穿過整個河流流域, 到達喀拉哈里沙漠的達烏湖,
05:25
480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
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比歐卡萬哥三角洲 還要再多走 480 公里。
05:29
My entire world became the water:
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我的整個世界變成了水世界:
05:31
every ripple, eddy, lily pad and current ...
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每一個漣漪、渦流、 睡蓮的漂浮葉、水流……
05:36
any sign of danger,
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任何危險的徵兆,
05:38
every sign of life.
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所有生命的徵兆。
05:40
Now imagine millions of sweat bees choking the air around you,
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現在,想像一下,數百萬隻蜜蜂 塞滿你周圍的空氣,
05:43
flesh-eating bacteria,
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吃肉的細菌,
05:45
the constant threat of a landmine going off
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隨時有地雷可能爆炸的威脅,
05:48
or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
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或是看不見的犀牛 會推翻你的莫科洛舟。
05:50
These are the scenes moments after a hippo did just that --
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這些景象就是犀牛 這麼做了之後的情況——
05:53
thrusting its tusks through the hull of my boat.
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犀牛角刺穿了我的船身。
05:56
You can see the two holes --
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你們可以看見兩個洞——
05:57
puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
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船身底部被打了兩個洞——
06:00
absolutely terrifying
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非常嚇人,
06:01
and completely my fault.
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且完全是我的錯。
06:03
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:05
Many, many portages,
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許多許多的搬運,
06:07
tree blockages and capsizes in rocky rapids.
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數次被樹木阻擋, 在多岩石的急流中數次翻覆。
06:12
You're living on rice and beans,
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平常維生的食物只有米和豆類,
06:15
bathing in a bucket of cold water
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洗澡要用一筒冷水來洗,
06:16
and paddling a marathon six to eight hours every single day.
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每天都是划船馬拉松, 要划上六到八小時。
06:19
After 121 days of this,
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這樣過了 121 天之後,
06:21
I'd forgotten the PIN numbers to my bank accounts
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我已經忘了我的銀行帳戶密碼
及登入社交媒體的密碼了——
06:24
and logins for social media --
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06:25
a complete systems reboot.
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完完全全重新開機。
06:28
You ask me now if I miss it,
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現在問我是否會懷念它,
06:30
and I will tell you I am still there.
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我會告訴你,我仍然在那裡。
06:33
Now why do we need to save places we hardly ever go?
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為什麼我們要去拯救 我們幾乎不可能去的地方?
06:36
Why do we need to save places
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要去那些地方還要冒生命危險,
06:38
where you have to risk your life to be there?
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為什麼還要去拯救它們?
06:40
Now, I'm not a religious or particularly spiritual person,
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我沒有宗教信仰, 也不是特別有靈性的人,
06:44
but in the wild,
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但在荒野,
06:46
I believe I've experienced the birthplace of religion.
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我相信我體驗到了宗教的發源地。
06:50
Standing in front of an elephant far away from anywhere
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非常近距離站在大象前面,
06:53
is the closest I will ever get to God.
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這是我和上帝最近的距離。
06:57
Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
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摩西、佛陀、穆罕默德、耶穌、
06:59
the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
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印度導師、先知,和神秘主義者,
07:01
all went into the wilderness --
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都進入到了荒野——
07:03
up into the mountains, into the desert,
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上到了山中,進到了沙漠中,
07:05
to sit quietly and listen for those secrets
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靜靜地坐著,傾聽那些數千年來
07:07
that were to guide their societies for millennia.
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引導著他們社會的秘密。
07:10
I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
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我乘著我的莫科洛舟 進入歐卡萬哥。
07:13
You must join me one day.
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你一定要找個時間加入我。
07:16
Over 50 percent of the remaining wilderness is unprotected.
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剩下的荒野,有超過 50% 都未受到保護。
07:19
A huge opportunity --
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一個很大的機會——
07:21
a chance for us all.
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給我們所有人的機會。
07:25
We need to act with great urgency.
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我們需要立即行動。
07:27
Since the 2015 megatransect,
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從 2015 年的大橫越起,
07:30
we have explored all major rivers of the Okavango River basin,
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我們就探索了歐卡萬哥 河流流域的所有主要河流,
07:33
covering a life-changing 4,000 miles of detailed research transects
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為了詳盡研究所橫越的 4,000 英哩路改變了我的人生, ,
07:37
on our dugout canoes
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我們靠的是獨頁舟,
07:38
and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
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以及寬胎的越野摩托車。
07:40
We now have 57 top scientists
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現在我們有 57 名頂尖科學家,
07:43
rediscovering what we call the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
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在重新發現我們所謂的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔——
07:47
this vast, post-war wilderness with undocumented source lakes,
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它是片廣大、戰後的荒野, 剩下的米揚博林地中最大的部分,
07:53
unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's largest remaining Miombo woodland.
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非洲剩下的米揚博林地中, 沒有名稱的瀑布。
07:59
We've now discovered 24 new species to science
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我們現在發現了 24 種新物種,
08:02
and hundreds of species not known to be there.
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及以前不知道會出現 在那裡的數百種物種,
08:05
This year, we start the process, with the Angolan government,
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今年,我們開始了一個流程, 和安哥拉政府合作,
08:08
to establish one of the largest systems of protected areas in the world
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為世界保護區域 建立最大的系統之一,
08:12
to preserve the Okavango-Zambezi water tower
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來保存我們一直在探索的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔。
08:14
we have been exploring.
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08:15
Downstream, this represents water security for millions of people
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這就表示,在下游數百萬人的 水資源安全能受保障,
08:19
and more than half of the elephants remaining on this planet.
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還能保護一半以上 地球上所剩的大象。
08:23
There is no doubt this is the biggest conservation opportunity in Africa
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無疑地,這是數十年來
非洲最大的保育機會。
08:27
in decades.
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08:28
Over the next 10 to 15 years,
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在接下來的十到十五年,
08:29
we need to make an unprecedented investment
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我們得要做一項前所未有的投資,
08:32
in the preservation of wilderness around the world.
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投資全世界的荒野保育。
08:35
To me,
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對我來說,
08:36
preserving wilderness is far more than simply protecting ecosystems
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保育荒野絕對不只是 單單保育生態系統,
08:41
that clean the water we drink and create the air we breathe.
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清理我們的飲用水, 創造我們呼吸的空氣。
08:44
Preserving wilderness protects our basic human right to be wild --
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保育荒野是在保護我們的 基本野生人權——
08:48
our basic human rights to explore.
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去探索的基本人權。
08:52
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:53
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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