The genius behind some of the world's most famous buildings | Renzo Piano

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 易帆 余

Architecture is amazing, for sure.

建築令人讚嘆，真的。

It's amazing because it's art.

令人讚嘆的原因是因為 建築本身就是一門藝術。

But you know, it's a very funny kind of art.

但它是門非常微妙的藝術。

It's an art at the frontier between art and science.

它是介於藝術和科學的一門學問。

It's fed by ...

建築學的養分

by real life, every day.

充斥在我們每天的生活當中。

It's driven by force of necessity.

它被需求的力量所驅動著。

Quite amazing, quite amazing.

相當了不起，相當了不起。

And the life of the architect is also amazing.

而建築師的生活也很了不起。

You know, as an architect, at 10 o’clock in the morning,

各位知道嗎，身為建築師， 你早上十點，

you need to be a poet, for sure.

必須要像個詩人，真的。

But at 11,

但在十一點，

you must become a humanist,

你就得變成人道主義者，

otherwise you'd lose your direction.

要不然你會走偏了。

And at noon, you absolutely need to be a builder.

到了中午，你一定要回到建商的立場。

You need to be able to make a building,

你必須要有建造建築物的能力，

because architecture, at the end, is the art of making buildings.

因為，最終，建築物本身 就是一門建造的藝術。

Architecture is the art of making shelter for human beings.

建築是一門為人類 建造庇護所的藝術。

Period.

就這樣。

And this is not easy at all.

這一點也不容易。

It's amazing.

這很了不起。

Look at this.

看看這個。

Here we are in London,

這是在倫敦

at the top of the Shard of Glass.

摘星塔摩天大樓的頂端。

This is a building we completed a few years ago.

這是幾年前我們完成的一棟大樓。

Those people are well-trained workers,

這些工人受過很好的訓練，

and they are assembling the top piece of the tower.

他們正在塔頂組裝 最頂部的元件。

Well, they look like rock climbers.

他們看起來像是攀岩者。

They are.

的確是。

I mean, they are defying the force of gravity,

我的意思是，他們正在與 地心引力搏鬥，

like building does, by the way.

順道一提，建築物本身也是。

We got 30 of those people --

我們有三十名這樣的工人——

actually, on that site, we got more than 1,400 people,

其實，在建地， 我們有超過一千四百位的工人，

coming from 60 different nationalities.

來自六十個不同的國家。

You know, this is a miracle. It's a miracle.

這是個奇蹟，這是個奇蹟。

To put together 1,400 people,

要把來自不同的地方的一千四百人

coming from such different places, is a miracle.

全部結合起來，真的是個奇蹟。

Sites are miracles.

建地現場到處是奇蹟。

This is another one.

這裡還有一個。

Let's talk about construction.

我們來談談建造。

Adventure, it's adventure in real life,

冒險，它是真實人生的冒險，

not adventure in spirit.

不是靈性的冒險。

This guy there is a deepwater diver.

這位是深水潛水員。

From rock climbers to deepwater divers.

從攀岩者到潛水員。

This is in Berlin.

這是在柏林。

After the fall of the Wall in '89,

在 1989 年圍牆拆除之後，

we built this building, connecting East Berlin to West Berlin,

我們建造了這棟 連結東柏林和西柏林的建築物，

in Potsdamer Platz.

它座落在波茨坦廣場。

We got on that project almost 5,000 people.

那個建案用了近五千人。

Almost 5,000 people.

近五千人。

And this is another site in Japan,

這是另一個建地，在日本，

building the Kansai Airport.

建造關西國際機場。

Again, all the rock climbers, Japanese ones.

一樣，都是攀岩者，日本的攀岩者。

You know, making buildings together

你知道嗎，一起建造建築物

is the best way to create a sense of cooperation.

是創造合作感最好的方式。

The sense of pride -- pride is essential.

榮耀感——榮耀感是很重要的。

But, you know, construction, of course,

但，當然，建築技術

is one of the reasons why architecture is amazing.

是建築物了不起的原因之一。

But there is another one, that is maybe even more amazing.

但還有另外一個， 可能還更了不起的。

Because architecture is the art

因為建築是

of making shelter for communities,

為公眾建造庇護所的藝術，

not just for individuals --

不只是為個人——

communities and society at large.

也為社區和大眾社會。

And society is never the same.

而社會一直在改變。

The world keeps changing.

世界也不斷在變。

And changes are difficult to swallow by people.

而改變不易從人身上發覺。

And architecture is a mirror of those changes.

而建築能反映出這些改變。

Architecture is the built expression of those changes.

建築物能體現出那些改變。

So, this is why it is so difficult,

這就是為什麼它如此困難，

because those changes create adventure.

因為那些改變創造出冒險。

They create adventure, and architecture is adventure.

它們創造冒險，而建築就是冒險。

This is the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris,

這是巴黎的龐畢度中心，

a long time ago.

很久以前。

That was back in time, '77.

當時是 1977 年。

This was a spaceship landing in the middle of Paris.

這是一艘太空船，降落在巴黎中央。

Together with my friend in adventure, Richard Rogers,

我和我的朋友理查羅傑斯 一起合作冒險，

we were, at the time, young bad boys.

在當時，我們是很年輕的壞男孩。

Young, bad boys.

年輕的壞男孩。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It was really only a few years after May '68.

時間其實不過是 1968 年 五月之後沒幾年。

So it was a rebellion, pure rebellion.

當時很叛逆，純粹就是叛逆。

The idea was to make

我們的想法是要證明

the proof that cultural buildings should not be intimidating.

文化建築物不應該令人生畏。

They should create a sense of curiosity.

它們應該要能創造出好奇感。

This is the way to create a cultural place.

這是創造在地文化的方式。

Curiosity is the beginning of a cultural attitude.

一個文化的產生始於好奇心。

And there's a piazza there, you can see that piazza.

那裡有一個廣場， 你們可以看見那個廣場。

And a piazza is the beginning of urban life.

而都市生活始於廣場。

A piazza is the place where people meet.

廣場是大家見面的地方。

And they mix experience.

人們交換生活經驗的地方。

And they mix ages.

各年齡層的人都有。

And, you know, in some way,

而且，你知道嗎，在某種程度上，

you create the essence of the city.

你是在創造城市的本質。

And since then, we made, in the office, so many other places for people.

在這之後，我們在辦公室裡， 為人們設計了許多其它的類似空間。

Here, in Rome, is a concert hall.

在羅馬這裡， 我們打造了一間音樂廳。

Another place for people.

另一個為人們打造的地方。

This building inside is actually designed by the sound, you can see.

你們可以看得出來， 建築內部是專為聲音而設計的。

It's flirting with sound.

如空谷幽蘭，餘音繞梁。

And this is the Kansai Airport,

這是關西國際機場，

in Japan.

在日本。

To make a building, sometimes you need to make an island,

有時，打造一棟建築物， 就像打造一座島，

and we made the island.

我們打造了一座島。

The building is more than one mile long.

這棟建築物有超過一英哩長。

It looks like an immense glider, landing on the ground.

它看起來像是巨大的滑翔機， 降落在地面上。

And this is in San Francisco.

這是在舊金山。

Another place for people.

另一個為人們打造的地方。

This building is the California Academy of Sciences.

這棟建築物是 加利福尼亞州科學院。

And we planted on that roof --

我們在屋頂上種植物——

thousands and thousands of plants that use the humidity of the air,

上面有數以千計的植物， 靠空氣中的濕氣生長，

instead of pumping water from the water table.

而不是從地下把水抽上來。

The roof is a living roof, actually.

這片屋頂其實是個活的屋頂。

And this building was made Platinum LEED.

這棟建築拿到了 LEED 白金級認證。

The LEED is the system to measure, of course,

當然，LEED 是一套系統，

the sustainability of a building.

用來測量建築物的永續性。

So this was also a place for people

所以，這也是一個為人打造的地方，

that will stay a long time.

會存在很長的一段時間。

And this is actually New York.

這則是在紐約。

This is the new Whitney,

這是新惠特尼，

in the Meatpacking District in New York.

位在紐約的米特帕金區。

Well, another flying vessel.

嗯，另一架飛行船。

Another place for people.

另一個為人打造的地方。

Here we are in Athens, the Niarchos Foundation.

這裡是雅典的尼亞可斯基金會。

It's a library,

它是座圖書館，

it's an open house, a concert hall

它是間開放的房子，是間音樂廳，

and a big park.

也是個大公園。

This building is also a Platinum LEED building.

它也是 LEED 白金級 認證的建築物。

This building actually captures the sun's energy with that roof.

這棟建築物用屋頂捕捉太陽能。

But, you know, making a building a place for people is good.

但，為人們打造一棟建築物、 一個空間，是很好的事。

Making libraries, making concert halls,

打造圖書館、打造音樂廳、

making universities, making museums is good,

打造大學、打造博物館，都很好，

because you create a place that's open, accessible.

因為你是在創造一個 開放、親民的地方。

You create a building for a better world, for sure.

你是在創造創造一棟 讓世界變得更好的建築物，真的。

But there is something else

但還有別的因素，

that makes architecture amazing, even more.

可以讓建築物更令人驚艷。

And this is the fact that

實際上，

architecture doesn't just answer to need and necessity,

建築不只是反應了需求與必要性，

but also to desires -- yes, desires -- dreams, aspirations.

也反應了人們的渴望——是的， 渴望——夢想、期望。

This is what architecture does.

這就是建築在做的事。

Even the most modest hut on earth

即使是地球上最簡樸的小屋，

is not just a roof.

也不只是一片屋頂。

It's more than a roof.

建築除了屋頂，

It's telling a story;

它還有故事；

it's telling a story about the identity of the people living in that hut.

建築能說明住在 那間小屋裡人的故事。

Individuals.

不同建築有不同的故事。

Architecture is the art of telling stories.

建築是說故事的藝術。

Like this one.

就像這個。

In London: the Shard of Glass.

在倫敦：摘星塔摩天大樓。

Well, this building is the tallest building in Western Europe.

這棟大樓是西歐最高的大樓。

It goes up more than 300 meters in the air, to breathe fresh air.

它的高度超過三百公尺， 在上面呼吸新鮮的空氣。

The facets of this building are inclined,

這棟大樓的面是傾斜的，

and they reflect the sky of London, that is never the same.

它們會映射出 倫敦多變、不一樣的天空。

After rain, everything becomes bluish.

雨後，都變藍的。

In the sunny evening, everything is red.

在晴朗的夜晚，都變紅的。

It's something that is difficult to explain.

這是很難解釋的現象。

It's what we call the soul of a building.

那就是我們所謂的建築物的靈魂。

On this picture on the left, you have the Menil Collection,

左邊這張照片上的是 曼尼爾私人收藏博物館，

used a long time ago.

很久以前使用的。

It's a museum.

它是一間博物館。

On the right is the Harvard Art Museum.

右邊的是哈佛藝術博物館。

Both those two buildings flirt with light.

兩棟建築物都在和光線調情。

Light is probably one of the most essential materials in architecture.

光線可能是建築中最重要的元素。

And this is in Amsterdam.

這是阿姆斯特丹。

This building is flirting with water.

這棟建築物在和水調情。

And this is my office, on the sea.

這是我的辦公室，在海上。

Well, this is flirting with work.

這是在和工作調情。

Actually, we enjoy working there.

其實，我們很享受在那裡工作。

And that cable car is the little cable car that goes up to there.

搭那一台小纜車夠能夠上到那裡。

That's "The New York Times" in New York.

這是紐約的「紐約時報」。

Well, this is playing with transparency.

這是在和透明度調情。

Again, the sense of light, the sense of transparency.

同樣的，光線的感覺 和透明的感覺。

On the left here, you have the Magic Lantern in Japan,

左手邊的是日本的魔燈，

in Ginza, in Tokyo.

位在日本的銀座。

And in the center is a monastery in the forest.

中間的是森林中的修道院。

This monastery is playing with the silence and the forest.

這間修道院在和寂靜 及森林一同玩樂。

And a museum, a science museum.

這是一間博物館，科學博物館。

This is about levitation.

設計重點在於懸浮。

And this is in the center of Paris,

這是在巴黎的中心，

in the belly of the whale.

在鯨魚的肚子裡。

This is the Pathé Foundation in Paris.

這是巴黎的百代電影基金會。

所有這些建築物都有一項共通性：

All those buildings have something in common:

it's that something is searching for desire, for dreams.

這項共通性就是 對慾望和夢想的追求。

And that's me.

這是我。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, it's me on my sailing boat.

我在我的帆船上。

Flirting with breeze.

和風調情。

Well, there's not a very good reason to show you this picture.

嗯，這並不是給各位看 這張照片的好理由。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm trying, I'm trying.

我在試，我在試。

You know, one thing is clear: I love sailing, for sure.

有件事很清楚：我很愛航海，真的。

I actually also love designing sailing boats.

我其實也愛設計帆船。

But I love sailing, because sailing is associated with slowness.

但我愛航海，因為航海和緩慢有關。

And ...

還有……

and silence.

寂靜。

And the sense of suspension.

及海上乘風破浪的感受。

And there is another thing that this picture says.

這張照片還說明了另外一件事。

It says that I'm Italian.

它說我是義大利人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Well, there is very little I can do about that.

嗯，對於這點我是無能為力。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm Italian, and I love beauty.

我是義大利人，我愛美麗。

I love beauty.

我愛美麗。

Well, let's go sailing, I want to take you sailing here,

咱們去航海吧，我想要帶各位出海，

to this place,

去這個地方，

in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

位在太平洋中央。

This is the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Center.

這是棲包屋文化中心。

It's for the Kanaky ethnic group.

它是為了卡納克民族所建的。

It's in Nouméa, New Caledonia.

位在新喀里多尼亞的努美阿。

This place is for art.

建造這個地方是為了藝術。

Art and nature.

藝術和大自然。

And those buildings actually flirt with the wind,

那些建築物是真的在和風調情，

with the trade winds.

和季風調情。

They have a sound, they have a voice, those buildings.

那些建築物，它們有聲音。

I'm showing this because it's about beauty.

我給各位看這張圖， 是因為它和美有關。

It's about pure beauty.

它是純粹的美。

And let's talk about beauty for a moment.

咱們先來談一下「美」。

Beauty is like the bird of paradise:

美，就像是天堂的鳥 :

the very moment you try to catch it, it flies away.

當你就要抓到牠時，牠就飛走了。

Your arm is too short.

你的手臂不夠長。

But beauty is not a frivolous idea.

但美並不是一個輕佻的想法。

It's the opposite.

正好相反。

In my native language, that is Italian,

在我的母語，也就是義大利語中，

"beautiful" is "bello."

「美麗」叫做「bello」。

In Spanish, "beauty" is "belleza."

在西班牙，「美麗」 叫做「belleza。

In Greek, "beautiful" is "kalos."

在希臘語，「美麗」 叫做「kalos」。

When you add "agathos," that means "beautiful and good."

當你加上「agathos」， 就表示「美麗且美好」。

In no one of those languages, "beautiful" just means "beautiful."

在這些語言當中，「美麗」 都不是只有「美麗」的意思。

It also means "good."

這個詞也都意味著「美好」。

Real beauty is when the invisible

真正的美麗是當看不見的部分

joins the visible, coming on surface.

結合了看得見的部分， 而在表像呈現出來。

And this doesn't apply only to art or nature.

這個概念不只適用在 藝術或大自然上。

This applies to science, human curiosity, solidarity --

也可以用在科學、 人類好奇心、團結——

that's the reason why you may say,

那就是為什麼你可能會說：

"This is a beautiful person,"

「這是個美麗的人」、

"That's a beautiful mind."

「那是個美麗的心靈」。

This, this is the beauty that can change people

這種美麗可以讓人

into better people,

變成更好的人，

by switching a special light in their eyes.

只要轉換他們眼中的光， 變成特殊的光。

And making buildings for this beauty

為了這種美麗來打造建築物，

makes cities better places to live.

能讓城市成為更棒的居住地。

And better cities

更好的城市，

make better citizens.

就會有更好的市民。

Well, this beauty --

這種美麗——

this universal beauty, I should say --

我應該說，這種普遍的美麗——

is one of the few things that can change the world.

是少數能夠改變世界的東西之一。

Believe me, this beauty will save the world.

相信我，這種美麗能夠拯救世界。

One person at a time, but it will do it.

一人一次，就能辦到。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）