Almudena Toral: Documentary films that explore trauma -- and make space for healing | TED Fellows

翻译人员: Fangyu Zhang 校对人员: Helen Chang

[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]

[打造你的未来]

It’s a warm morning and I’m surrounded by six-year-old children in a classroom.

那是一个温和的清晨，我在教室里， 被一群六岁的孩子包围着。

One by one, they cheerfully hug one of their friends

一个接着一个，他们兴高采烈地拥抱着 他们刚结束旅行回到家里的朋友。

who just came back home from a trip.

They comment on her new dress and her new hairstyle.

他们评价她的新裙子和新发型，

But the girl does nothing.

但那个女孩无动于衷。

She looks towards the distant horizon, eyes fixed.

她凝视着远方的地平线，目光呆滞。

The kids start wondering why she doesn't speak.

孩子们开始疑惑她为什么不说话。

The girl's name is Adayanci,

那个女孩的名字叫阿达安奇，

and the trip she has just returned from is not a vacation.

而她刚刚结束的这次旅行并不是度假。

She left Guatemala with her dad in May 2018 for the United States.

2018年5月，她和父亲 离开危地马拉，前往美国。

Several months later, she's back, but she has gone silent.

几个月之后，她回来了， 但她变得沉默不语。

I'm filming this, feeling overwhelmed,

我拍摄着这一切，有些不知所措，

and finding it difficult to look through the viewfinder of my camera.

透过相机取景器看东西变得很困难。

Her post-traumatic stress disorder is so visible.

她的创伤后应激障碍是如此明显，

I am in tears.

我泪流满面。

I am a journalist who documents aftermaths for a living.

我是一名以记录后续事件为生的记者。

The impact, the invisible consequences.

某件事带来的影响， 那些看不到的后果，

What happens when the media spotlight is gone?

当媒体的聚光灯消失后，会怎样？

That's why I've spent hundreds of hours listening to and watching people

这就是为什么 我花了数百个小时的时间，

去倾听和观察那些深受创伤影响的人。

deeply affected by trauma.

Survivors of trafficking, child rape, gang slavery, forced labor

那些人口买卖、儿童性侵、 帮派奴役、强制性劳役

and immigration enforcement.

和移民执法的幸存者。

Different from the job of psychiatrist and aid workers,

与精神病医生和救援人员的工作不同，

I've dedicated my life to listening to them

我终我一生倾听他们的声音，

to make their stories public,

让他们的故事能以第一人称， 用他们自己的声音公之于众。

in first person, in their own voice.

Despite all of the limitations of words and photographs and films,

尽管文字、照片和影片都有局限性，

I believe better stories about the effects of trauma

我相信那些关于人们生活中 遭受的创伤影响的故事必不可少。

in people's lives are essential.

They can show us the real consequences of seemingly abstract government policies.

它们能够向我们展示那些 看似抽象的政府政策的真正影响。

They can trigger understanding across political divides

它们能够引发不同政治分歧之间的 相互理解，

and awaken our universal sense of empathy.

并唤醒我们普遍的同理心。

Survivors like the now deceased Jennifer

一些幸存者， 比如已经去世了的詹妮弗，

taught me that brutal bondage does not happen far away.

教会了我，残忍的奴役 也许离我们并不遥远。

David taught me the horrors refugees flee from

大卫教会了我，难民要逃离的恐怖

are scarier than any obstacle in the quest for safety.

要比他们在寻求安全的过程中 可能遭遇的任何障碍都可怕。

Adayanci brought home for me that governments of developed nations

阿达安奇让我了解到，发达国家的政府

also harm using trauma as a weapon.

仍然在使用创伤作为伤害他人的武器。

The word "trauma" comes from ancient Greek.

“创伤”这个词来自古希腊语，

It's the word for "injury".

意思是“伤害”，

It's the psychological wound that stays

指的是那些我们在经历了一些 非常糟糕的事情后

after something really terrible has happened to us.

It affects our body, our mind,

它会影响我们的身体，我们的精神，

our memory and our sense of safety in the world.

我们的记忆和我们生存于世的安全感。

War, violence, kidnapping, torture,

战争、暴力、绑架、折磨，

they are all causes of trauma.

这些都是造成创伤的原因。

But it does not only happen far away, far from you.

但它并不只是发生在离你很远的地方。

In the United States, for example,

比如，在美国，

several large-scale community studies

几项大型的社区研究显示，

have shown that exposure to violence and terror,

即使在和平时期，

like rape, domestic abuse or trafficking

暴力和恐怖行为，比如强奸、 家庭暴力和人口买卖

are common and damaging in times of peace.

也都是普遍且极具破坏性的。

What I witnessed in that classroom in Guatemala

我在危地马拉的那间教室里目睹到的，

was the aftermath of the zero-tolerance policy.

是“零容忍”政策的后果。

It separated children from parents at the US-Mexico border.

它在美墨边境将孩子 与他们的父母分开。

Adayanci was sent to a shelter and two foster families

阿达安奇先后被送到 一个收容所和两个寄宿家庭，

while her dad was deported.

而她的父亲则被驱逐出境。

In her despair, she took a pair of scissors

绝望中，她拿起一把剪刀，

and cut her own hair as a form of protest.

剪短了自己的头发以示抗议。

A psychologist diagnosed her with acute stress,

一位心理学家诊断 她遭受着严重的压力，

warning it would become post-traumatic stress disorder

并警告道，随着时间的流逝，

the longer time passed.

这可能会进一步发展成 创伤后应激障碍。

The damage of this type of separation

这种儿时的分离

at an early age,

just like other forms of abuse,

就像其他形式的虐待一样，

can be permanent if the child doesn't receive help.

如果孩子得不到帮助， 它们造成的可能是永久性的伤害。

In order to justify this kind of violence,

为了给这种暴力辩护，

there is a will to make certain people seem very different from us.

有种意愿会让某些人 看起来与我们非常不同。

Evil, rapists, animals, criminals.

恶魔、强奸犯、动物、罪犯。

Stripping off their humanity

剥去他们的人性

is a deliberate technique used by governments

是政府常常使用的一种刻意的技巧，

with plenty of examples in history books.

在历史书中有很多这样的例子。

In this case, the so-called evil, criminal and animal

在这个例子中， 所谓的恶魔、罪犯和动物

was a shattered six-year-old girl.

只是一个崩溃的六岁女孩。

We published Adayanci's documentary.

我们发布了阿达安奇的纪录片，

The story won a World Press Photo award

这个故事获得了世界新闻摄影奖，

thanks to which Adayanci is receiving therapy in Guatemala.

多亏于此，阿达安奇 正在危地马拉接受治疗。

She's on her slow way back to recovery, dancing and daydreaming.

她正在慢慢恢复，终有一日 可以尽情跳舞和做白日梦。

But most others have not gotten access to care.

但大多数其他人仍然未得到医疗救助，

Hundreds haven't even been reunited with their families.

数百人甚至还没有与家人团聚。

The trauma these policies cost can have generational effects.

这些政策所导致的创伤 可能会对整整一代人产生影响。

Even in Adayanci's fortunate case,

即使是在阿达安奇的幸运案例中，

the family has no institutional support and is in deep debt.

这个家庭也依旧没有得到制度支持， 并且负债累累。

We humans heal from trauma through feeling safe,

我们人类通过获得安全感， 通过讲故事，

through storytelling

and through establishing connection with others in our communities.

通过与社区中的其他人建立联系， 才能从创伤中恢复。

For this little girl reframing the story she will tell herself

对于这个小女孩来说， 她需要重新构建并亲自讲述她的故事，

it's part of her healing.

这是她治疗的一部分。

For us as a society,

对于整个社会来说，

reframing her story and pressuring our governments to do better

重新构建她的故事， 并敦促我们的政府做得更好，

is part of reclaiming our dignity as equals.

是恢复我们平等尊严的一部分。

Thank you.

谢谢。