Almudena Toral: Documentary films that explore trauma -- and make space for healing | TED Fellows

譯者: Thomas Tam 審譯者: Helen Chang

[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]

[ 塑造你的未來 ]

It’s a warm morning and I’m surrounded by six-year-old children in a classroom.

那是個溫暖的早晨， 教室裡六歲的孩子圍繞著我，

One by one, they cheerfully hug one of their friends

興高采烈地逐個擁抱其中一位朋友。

who just came back home from a trip.

她剛剛從旅途返家。

They comment on her new dress and her new hairstyle.

孩子評論著她的新裙子和髮型，

But the girl does nothing.

但她不為所動。

She looks towards the distant horizon, eyes fixed.

女孩定眼望向遠方，

The kids start wondering why she doesn't speak.

孩子也開始對她的不說話感到疑惑。

The girl's name is Adayanci,

女孩的名字叫阿達揚奇。

and the trip she has just returned from is not a vacation.

她剛剛結束的旅程，並非是個假期。

She left Guatemala with her dad in May 2018 for the United States.

在 2018 年 5 月，她與爸爸 從危地馬拉去到了美國。

Several months later, she's back, but she has gone silent.

幾個月過後，她回來了， 卻一句話也不說。

I'm filming this, feeling overwhelmed,

我正在拍攝有關她的影片， 感覺不知所措，

and finding it difficult to look through the viewfinder of my camera.

從取景器看到的畫面，也覺得受不了。

Her post-traumatic stress disorder is so visible.

見到她的創傷後壓力症候群 是如此的明顯，

I am in tears.

我淚流滿面。

I am a journalist who documents aftermaths for a living.

我是位記者，以記錄 事情發生了的反響為生，

The impact, the invisible consequences.

而且那些看不見的後果；

What happens when the media spotlight is gone?

當媒體的關注過了， 又有什麽事情會發生呢?

That's why I've spent hundreds of hours listening to and watching people

這就是我為什麼花了數百小時，

去聆聽和觀察被嚴重創傷的人。

deeply affected by trauma.

Survivors of trafficking, child rape, gang slavery, forced labor

他們是販賣人口、 強姦兒童、幫派奴役、

和受強迫勞動與移民執法的倖存者。

and immigration enforcement.

Different from the job of psychiatrist and aid workers,

我的工作是與援助人員 及精神科醫生不一樣的。

I've dedicated my life to listening to them

我會一生傾聽受創傷的人，

to make their stories public,

讓他們以第一身 講述自己的故事給觀衆知道。

in first person, in their own voice.

Despite all of the limitations of words and photographs and films,

儘管言語、照片、電影有所侷限，

I believe better stories about the effects of trauma

但更具體的、關於創傷 帶給人們影響的故事，

in people's lives are essential.

是必要的。

They can show us the real consequences of seemingly abstract government policies.

這些故事清楚顯示 那些看似抽象政策帶來的後果，

They can trigger understanding across political divides

會引發跨越政治分歧的理解，

and awaken our universal sense of empathy.

及喚醒全人的同理心。

Survivors like the now deceased Jennifer

就像現已去世的倖存者詹妮弗，

taught me that brutal bondage does not happen far away.

讓我了解到慘無人道的奴隸， 也離我們不遠。

David taught me the horrors refugees flee from

大衛告訴我，難民要逃離的恐懼，

are scarier than any obstacle in the quest for safety.

遠比尋求安全的過程中， 遇到的任何障礙更可怕。

Adayanci brought home for me that governments of developed nations

從阿達揚奇的身上， 讓我知道發達國家的政府

also harm using trauma as a weapon.

利用創傷作傷害的武器。

The word "trauma" comes from ancient Greek.

「創傷」這個字源自於古希臘，

It's the word for "injury".

意思是「外傷」。

It's the psychological wound that stays

當我們遇到了可怕事情之後，

after something really terrible has happened to us.

心理的創傷會繼續存在，

It affects our body, our mind,

影響我們的身體、大腦、

our memory and our sense of safety in the world.

以及我們的記憶 和對這個世界原有的安全感。

War, violence, kidnapping, torture,

遇到戰爭、暴力、綁架和折磨，

they are all causes of trauma.

也能造成人類的心理創傷。

But it does not only happen far away, far from you.

但這並不僅僅發生在遙遠的地方，

In the United States, for example,

例如幾項大規模研究顯示，美國的社區

several large-scale community studies

have shown that exposure to violence and terror,

都有暴露於暴力和恐怖，

like rape, domestic abuse or trafficking

比如強姦、家庭虐待 或販賣人口的事件，

are common and damaging in times of peace.

在和平時期是普遍的傷害。

What I witnessed in that classroom in Guatemala

我在危地馬拉的那間教室裡，

was the aftermath of the zero-tolerance policy.

親眼目睹零容忍政策的後果，

It separated children from parents at the US-Mexico border.

是將孩子與父母 在美國和墨西哥之間分隔。

Adayanci was sent to a shelter and two foster families

阿達揚奇被送到收容所和兩個寄養家庭，

while her dad was deported.

而她的父親則被驅逐出境。

In her despair, she took a pair of scissors

阿達揚奇極之失望，拿了一把剪刀，

and cut her own hair as a form of protest.

剪下自己的頭髮作為抗議。

A psychologist diagnosed her with acute stress,

心理學家診斷她已患有急性焦慮反應，

warning it would become post-traumatic stress disorder

警告當時間越長，情況會變成

the longer time passed.

創傷後壓力症候群 。

The damage of this type of separation

這種小時候的分離，

at an early age,

造成的傷害，

just like other forms of abuse,

等同其他形式的虐待，

can be permanent if the child doesn't receive help.

如果孩子得不到幫助， 會形成永久性的傷害。

In order to justify this kind of violence,

這種暴力的辯護是，

there is a will to make certain people seem very different from us.

讓某些人的意願與我們不相等，

Evil, rapists, animals, criminals.

那邪惡、強姦、獸性、犯罪的人。

Stripping off their humanity

在歷史書中有很多例子，

is a deliberate technique used by governments

政府故意使用的技倆，

with plenty of examples in history books.

用作剝奪這些被標籤的人的人性。

In this case, the so-called evil, criminal and animal

在這種情況下， 所謂的邪惡、罪犯和野獸，

was a shattered six-year-old girl.

是個心靈破碎的小女孩——只有六歲。

We published Adayanci's documentary.

我們發行的阿達揚奇紀錄片，

The story won a World Press Photo award

贏得了世界新聞攝影獎，

thanks to which Adayanci is receiving therapy in Guatemala.

而阿達揚奇正幸運地 在危地馬拉接受治療。

She's on her slow way back to recovery, dancing and daydreaming.

她的情況緩慢恢復， 她可以繼續跳舞和做白日夢。

But most others have not gotten access to care.

但大多數其他人還沒有得到照護。

Hundreds haven't even been reunited with their families.

數百人甚至還未能與家人團聚。

The trauma these policies cost can have generational effects.

這些政策造成的創傷， 會對以後的世代產生影響。

Even in Adayanci's fortunate case,

即使阿達揚奇在幸運的情況下，

the family has no institutional support and is in deep debt.

這家庭也沒有任何制度上的支持， 並且負債累累。

We humans heal from trauma through feeling safe,

人類通過感到安全、

through storytelling

講故事、

and through establishing connection with others in our communities.

與社區的其他人建立聯繫 來治癒創傷。

For this little girl reframing the story she will tell herself

我為這個小女孩 重新編排她內心的故事，

it's part of her healing.

是治癒的一部分。

For us as a society,

對我們的社會來說，

reframing her story and pressuring our governments to do better

重構阿達揚奇的故事， 並迫使我們的政府改善，

is part of reclaiming our dignity as equals.

恢復人類那平等尊嚴的部分。

Thank you.

謝謝。