A Parkland teacher's homework for us all | Diane Wolk-Rogers

翻译人员: jackie Zhang 校对人员: jacks peng

I teach history

我在玛乔里斯通曼道格拉斯中学

at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.

教历史。

在2018年2月14号，

On February 14, 2018,

my school experienced one of the worst mass school shootings in American history.

我的学校经历了美国历史上 最严重的校园枪击事件。

People want to know what we saw,

人们希望知道我们看见了什么，

what I felt.

我感觉到了什么。

I don't remember everything,

我不记得所有事情，

but I do remember I went into crisis mode,

但是我记得我进入了危机模式，

mother mode.

自然的母性模式。

There was no emotion.

不带任何情感。

I lined up the kids,

我为孩子们整队，

I held up a sign so they could follow me through the hall,

并举起牌子所以他们可以跟随我穿过走廊，

just like a fire drill.

就像一场消防演习。

I heard shots from one direction.

我听到枪声从一头传来。

Luckily, we were already moving in the opposite direction.

幸运的是，我们已经走到了另一头。

We made it outside.

我们逃出来了。

We made it to safety.

我们逃到安全的地方去了。

I called my mother.

我打电话给母亲。

"I'm OK."

“我没事。”

I called my husband.

我打电话给丈夫。

"I'm OK."

“我没事。”

Then my daughter called, my voice cracked, and I knew I had to pull myself together.

然后我的女儿打来电话，我声音变得嘶哑， 但我知道我要恢复镇定。

I sat alone in my thoughts,

我独坐时陷入思考，

worried about my colleagues and students.

开始担心我的同事与学生。

We sat there, only understanding that somehow, Valentine's Day --

我们坐在那里，仅知道，情人节——

We sat there, only understanding that somehow, Valentine's Day

我们坐在那里，仅知道，情人节

had ended up with our babies dead,

已经伴随着我们宝贝们的死亡而结束了，

and we didn't know what to do next.

我们不知道接下来该怎么做。

It's been two months,

事情已经过去两个月了，

and every day I still hear the echoes of the "pop, pop" sound of the gunfire.

但每天我仍能听到“砰，砰“的枪声回响。

I remember the fearful faces of my students

我记得当我们知道这不是一个演习后，

when we knew it wasn't a drill.

我的学生们惧怕的神情。

Still, there's no constant emotion,

然而，那里没有不变的情感，

except for flashes of pain, grief and anger

除了被新闻、

或者一个漠然的评论、

triggered by the news,

抑或只是沉默激起的

or an insensitive comment,

短暂的痛苦，悲伤与愤怒。

or just silence.

Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School lost 17 precious lives

玛乔里斯通曼道格拉斯中学 在那个可怕的一天

on that horrible day.

失去了17条珍贵的生命。

After, students asked us, the adults

后来，学生问了我们大人

the hardest question:

一个最难回答的问题：

How can we stop the senseless violence?

我们如何能够阻止这样无意义的暴力行为？

This was the most difficult question I've been asked.

这是我被问到的最难回答的问题。

But it was not the first time I've been humbled by a student's question.

这不是我第一次被学生的问题难倒。

I've been teaching in the public schools for 33 years,

我已经在这个公立学校教学33年了，

所以我知道在分享我知道的事情前，

so I know you have to admit what you don't know

before you can share what you do know.

先承认我不知道什么。

In fact, there's a method to being an engaged student,

事实上，有个方法去做一个积极参与的学生，

teacher, citizen.

老师或公民。

First, listen closely to the person asking you a question.

首先，听清楚那个人问你的问题。

Second, admit your vulnerability. Admit what you don't know.

然后，承认你的弱点。承认你不知道的事情。

Third, do your homework.

再后，做功课。

Fourth, humbly share your knowledge.

最后，谦逊地分享你的知识。

I know all about this process.

我知道这个方法的整个流程。

My students ask really thoughtful questions all the time.

我的学生总是问我深刻的问题。

They're eager to learn,

他们渴望学习，

and sometimes they're eager to prove their smarts.

而且有些时候他们渴望证明他们的才智。

And believe me, they know when I have no idea of the answer,

并且相信我，他们知道 我什么时候不知道答案，

so in those instances, I say to them,

所以在那些情况下，我告诉他们，

"That's a great question. Let me research that and get back to you."

“这是一个极好的问题。 让我去查一下然后回复你。”

So when my students asked,

所以当我的学生问我，

"How do we stop this senseless violence?"

“我们如何能够阻止这样无意义的暴力行为？”

I listened,

我聆听，

and then I admitted,

然后我承认，

"I don't know."

“我不知道。”

And like I always do when I don't know the answer to one of my questions,

像往常不知道问题的答案时那样，

I began doing my homework.

我开始做功课。

And as a history teacher,

作为一个历史老师。

I knew I needed to start with the Second Amendment and the NRA.

我知道我应该从第二修订案和 美国步枪协会（NRA)开始。

In case it's been a while since you've been sitting in a history class,

以防你太久没上历史课了，

here is what the Second Amendment

这是第二修正案

actually says:

所写：

"A well regulated Militia,

“纪律优良之民众武装，

being necessary to the security of a free State,

乃自由邦国安全所必需，

the right of the people to keep and bear arms,

故人民持有并携带武器之权

shall not be infringed."

不受侵犯。”

Meaning, the federal government could not infringe on the rights of citizens

意思是，联邦政府不可以侵犯公民

to participate in well-regulated militias.

参与纪律优良的民兵武装的权利。

The Second Amendment was ratified 226 years ago.

第二修正案在226年之前被正式批准。

It was written in a time before the federal government's armed forces

它在联邦政府的武装力量

were among the most powerful in the world

独步世界之前被写就，

and when state militias were viewed as necessary to protect the states.

而当时州民兵被认为对保卫国家十分重要。

Fast-forward 80 years, to 1871.

让我们把视角转向80年后，到1871年。

The American Civil War had ended a few years prior,

美国内战已经结束几年，

but a couple of Union officers

但一些联邦政府军官

had witnessed some pretty shoddy marksmanship on the battlefield.

在战场上看见了一些水平很差的射击。

So in an attempt to prepare their men for any future conflicts,

所以为了训练他们的士兵应对未来的冲突,

they founded the National Rifle Association

他们成立了美国步枪协会（NRA)

to promote rifle practice.

来推广步枪训练。

In short, the Second Amendment was written to ensure

总之，第二修正案是为了保证

that our newly formed and fragile country

我们新成立的脆弱的国家

had access to organized state militias.

可以组织民兵武装。

And the NRA's original mission was to ensure future soldiers had good aim.

而美国步枪协会原本的宗旨是 保证未来的士兵擅长瞄准目标。

Someone could teach an entire course

关于接下来150年

on how the next 150 years influenced the gun regulation conversations

美国枪支管控的讨论和影响

以及我们对第二修正案的理解

we're having in the United States

and our interpretation of the Second Amendment.

可以开一个课程。

Almost every pivotal moment in our nation's history

我们国家几乎每个历史的关键时刻

in one way or another

都以某种方式

influenced how we as a people

影响我们个人如何

manufacture, debate, regulate and feel about guns.

生产、辩论、管理和评价枪支。

A lot of change has occurred.

一系列改变已经发生。

As a matter of fact, it wasn't until 2008

事实上，直到2008年

that the Supreme Court ruled for the first time

最高法院首次规定

the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm

第二修正案保护个人拥有枪支的权利

unconnected with service in a militia

与服役于民兵武装无关，

and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes,

并将武器使用于传统上的合法用途，

such as self-defense within the home.

比如在家中自我防卫。

Within the home.

在家中。

This change over time is striking to me,

这个久而久之的改变引起我的注意，

because it reminds us

因为它提醒我们

that the interpretation of the Second Amendment

对于第二修正案的理解

and cultural attitudes about guns

以及对于枪支的文化态度

have changed over time.

在随着时间的推移改变。

Which gives me hope they could change again.

这给予我它们可以再次改变的希望。

(Applause)

（掌声）

It's an incredibly complex and dynamic history lesson,

这是一个相当复杂和有创新思想的历史课，

but it's not the lesson I'm here to teach today,

但我今天讲的不是这个课程，

because we don't have time.

因为我们没有时间。

I'm not talking about time,

我说的时间

the time that I have here to stand and speak.

不是指站在这里的演讲时间。

I'm talking about the fact we don't have time to lose.

我说的时间是指我们没有时间去浪费。

According to the CDC,

根据市民民防团（CDC),

over the last five years,

在过去的五年里，

on average, each day 96 people are killed by guns in the United States,

在美国平均每天有96个人被枪杀，

and if we don't figure out how to answer my students' question soon,

而且如果我们不搞清楚如何回答 我的学生们的提问，

one of us could be next.

很快我们可能也是其中之一。

So, if the question is, how do we stop this senseless violence,

所以，如果问题是， 如何阻止这场无意义的暴力行为，

the best way I can think to answer

我能想到的最好的回答方式是

is to look at multiple choice.

去考虑多选项。

You remember multiple-choice questions in high school, don't you?

你们想起高中时代的多选题了吗？

Let's start.

让我们开始吧。

Choice A: this will end when we hold gun manufacturers responsible

选项A：让枪支生产商 承担产品造成的死亡责任

for the deadliness of their products.

可以阻止枪支暴力。

It might surprise you to learn that we've actually thought about this before.

你们可能惊讶于我们 其实以前就想过这个方法。

Between 1998 and 2000,

在1998-2000年间，

30 counties and cities sued gun manufacturers,

30个县和城市控告枪支生产商，

saying they should make their products safer

指责他们应该制造出更安全的产品

and do a better job of tracking where their products are sold.

并更好去跟踪他们的产品被卖到哪里。

In response, manufacturers argued

枪支生产商则回应争辩称

that they had no direct liability for how their products were used.

对于他们的商品如何被使用， 他们没有直接的责任。

They said the stores who sold the guns and the owners who bought them

他们称售卖枪支的商店和枪支拥有者

were responsible should anything bad happen.

应该为枪支所引发的一切祸事负责。

In response to this and many other lawsuits,

为回应这起和很多其他的诉讼，

the NRA lobbied for the passage of the PLCAA,

国家步枪协会为PLCAA，

the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act.

《合法枪械买卖保护法》的通过游说。

2005年《合法枪械买卖保护法》 在两党的拥护下通过，

The PLCAA passed with bipartisan support in 2005

and entrusts gun manufacturers

赋予枪支制造商

to design guns safely,

设计安全的枪支，

stores to sell those guns responsibly

商店负责的售卖枪支，

and someone to own and use the gun responsibly.

个人拥有并负责地使用枪支。

And so when 17 students and faculty die at my school,

所以当17位师生在我校死亡时，

no one in this chain will assume responsibility.

这一链条上没有一个人承担责任。

Let's take a look at another option,

所以让我们考虑另一个选项，

Choice B:

选项B:

this will end when we hold ourselves accountable

我们自己负起责任 并去管理美国大约3亿可用枪支，

and regulate the estimated 300 million guns available in America.

可以阻止枪支暴力。

Yes, voting is one of the best ways

是的，投票是为枪支暴力担负个人责任

to take personal responsibility for gun violence.

的一个最好方式。

Making sure that our lawmakers are willing to pass commonsense gun reform

保证立法者愿意通过常识性的枪支改革是

is one of the most effective ways to get those 300 million guns under control.

让3亿枪支得到控制是最有效的方式之一。

And also, gun owners can take personal initiative.

而且，枪支拥有者可以采取个人主动性。

If you own a gun,

如果你拥有枪支，

ask yourself:

问问你自己：

Do I have an extra gun I don't need?

我有没有一杆我不需要的枪支？

Could it fall into the wrong hands?

它可能落入不法分子的手中吗？

Have I attended the latest training?

我有没有参加最新的训练？

Perhaps as a gun owner,

或许作为一个枪支拥有者，

you should also ask

你还应该问

whether you have been taking care of your mental health?

你是否关心自己的心理健康？

When it comes to gun violence, the mental health argument falls flat

对于枪支暴力，心理健康的观点引不起兴趣。

if we don't acknowledge our own personal vulnerabilities

如果我们不承认我们易受心理疾病的困扰。

to mental illness.

One in six Americans will struggle with mental illness.

每6个美国人就有1个挣扎于心理问题。

如果我们拥有枪，我们需要严格地参与抚慰

If we own a gun, we should be rigorously engaged in the upkeep

of our emotional well-being

我们的心理健康，

so we don't pull a trigger

这样我们才不会在发病之时

in times of illness.

开动扳机。

Otherwise, we should seriously ask ourselves

抑或，我们应该认真地问我们自己，

whether we really have the time and attention to own a gun.

我们是否有时间和精力去拥有一支枪。

Perhaps for some of us

或许对我们中的某些人，

it's time to lay down our arms.

是时候放下我们的武器。

Then we have Choice C:

然后是选项C:

this will end when we do a better job of taking care of each other.

当我们能更好地关心他人时， 枪支暴力能结束。

Many social issues affect why people buy and use guns.

人们购买或使用枪支的原因 受很多社会因素影响。

Sixty-two percent of US gun fatalities

2012至2016年间，62%的美国枪支死亡

between 2012 and 2016 were suicides,

是因为自杀，

yet we call people maniacs and psychos, shaming them.

我们称那些人为疯子和精神变态者， 羞辱他们，

We are creating barriers for people that need help.

我们是在为需要帮助的人制造障碍。

Why are we embarrassing each other?

为什么我们要让各自难堪？

Let's make it easier, not harder,

让我们将获得更好的精神健康护理

for people to access better mental health care.

变成一件更容易而非更困难的事。

What else? Sexism, racism and poverty affect gun ownership

还有什么？性别歧视， 种族歧视和贫困影响枪支所有权

and gun-related fatalities.

和与枪支有关的死亡。

On average, it's estimated that 50 women were fatally shot each month

在2010到2014年之间，每月平均50名女性

between 2010 and 2014

因为家庭暴力

due to domestic violence,

被致命地枪杀，

and women are still dying in their homes.

而且今天女性还在她们的家中死亡。

Let's empower women

让我们授予女性力量

and give our young boys a chance to learn

并给我们的小男孩一个学习

how to work out their conflicts and emotions with words, not weapons.

怎样用话语而非武器解决矛盾和情感的机会。

And the "Washington Post" reported that last year,

华盛顿邮报报道去年，

nearly 1,000 people were fatally wounded

几乎有1000个人被当值警察

by on-duty police officers.

致命伤害。

Talk to Black Lives Matter and the police union about that.

跟“黑人的命很重要”以及警察工会聊聊，

We need to tackle this.

我们需要解决这个问题。

(Applause)

（掌声）

At the end of the day,

考虑所有情况之后，

perhaps people won't feel the need

或许人们将不会有购买和使用枪支的需要。

to buy and use a gun

或许人们将不会有购买和使用枪支的需要。

when they all equally feel safe,

当他们平等地感到安全，

healthy, respected and cared for.

健康，被尊重和关心。

All right, discussion time is over.

好了，讨论时间结束了，

It's now time to answer the question.

现在是时间回答这个问题。

How do we stop this senseless violence?

我们如何能够阻止这样无意义的暴力行为？

Is it Choice A,

选项A，

Choice B,

选项B，

Choice C?

还是选项C？

Now, I know what you're all thinking.

现在，我知道你们在想什么。

You remember that multiple-choice questions

你们记得选择题

almost never end with just three possibilities.

几乎从来不止三种可能。

There's always that fourth, Choice D: all of the above.

经常会有第四种，选项D：以上都是。

Maybe that's the answer here.

或许这就是答案。

Or maybe "all of the above" is too easy, and this is not an easy problem.

抑或"以上都是”太过简单， 而这不是个简单的问题。

It requires deep analytical thinking by all of us.

它需要我们大家深入地分析思考。

So instead, I'm asking you to do your homework,

所以我想请你们当作课外作业，

write your own Choice D

写下你们自己的选项D，

运用详细依据。

using supporting detail.

And if you're not sure where to start, look to my students as role models.

如果你们不确定从何开始， 以我学生们作为榜样。

They are armed with incredible communication skills

他们拥有非常启发我的

and a sense of citizenship that I find so inspiring.

难以置信的交流能力和公民意识。

(Applause)

（掌声）

These are public school kids engaged in the issue of gun regulation,

这些公立学校的孩子参与枪支管控的问题，

and their endeavor has moved our hearts.

他们的努力打动了我们的心。

And they shouldn't have to do this on their own.

他们不应该独自做这件事。

They're asking you,

他们请你们，

他们请我们所有人

they're asking all of us,

to get involved.

参与其中。

This isn't a spectator sport.

这不是只旁观不参加的事情。

So what's the right answer?

所以正确的答案是什么？

I don't know. Listen, I'm no gun control expert.

我不知道。听着，我不是个枪支管控的专家。

I teach the humanities.

我教人文学科。

To be human is to learn,

作为一个人应该去学习，

and to be part of a civilization is to share your knowledge.

作为文明社会的一份子要去分享你们的知识。

This kind of honest, brave and sincere engagement

这种正当，勇敢和真诚的参与

is what I ask of my students,

是我要求我学生的，

what I expect of myself as a teacher

是作为一个老师我对自己的期待，

and what I demand of you now.

而我现在也要求你们。

Every one of you needs to do your homework.

你们中的每一位需要做你们的功课。

And then what?

然后呢？

Humbly share your knowledge with each other.

谦逊地给他人分享你们的知识。

Please teach your family,

请你们教你们的家人，

teach your community,

教你们的社区，

your city council, your state legislature.

你们的市议会，你们的州议会。

Teach Congress a lesson.

教国会一课。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you. Thank you.

谢谢。谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）