A Parkland teacher's homework for us all | Diane Wolk-Rogers

67,796 views ใƒป 2018-05-11

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: yael ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I teach history
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
00:14
at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืข"ืฉ ืžืจื’'ื•ืจื™ ืกื˜ื•ื ืžืŸ ื“ื’ืœืืก.
00:18
On February 14, 2018,
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ื‘14 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2018
00:22
my school experienced one of the worst mass school shootings in American history.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
00:31
People want to know what we saw,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืจืื™ื ื•,
00:34
what I felt.
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ืžื” ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™.
00:37
I don't remember everything,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื›ืœ,
00:39
but I do remember I went into crisis mode,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
00:43
mother mode.
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ืžืฆื‘ ืืžื.
00:44
There was no emotion.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจื’ืฉ.
00:47
I lined up the kids,
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ืกื™ื“ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื”,
00:48
I held up a sign so they could follow me through the hall,
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ื”ื—ื–ืงืชื™ ืฉืœื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ,
00:51
just like a fire drill.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ.
00:53
I heard shots from one direction.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“.
00:56
Luckily, we were already moving in the opposite direction.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš.
01:01
We made it outside.
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
01:03
We made it to safety.
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
01:06
I called my mother.
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ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœืืžื ืฉืœื™.
01:08
"I'm OK."
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ".
01:09
I called my husband.
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ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™,
01:11
"I'm OK."
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ".
01:13
Then my daughter called, my voice cracked, and I knew I had to pull myself together.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื”, ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื ืกื“ืง, ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชืขืฉืช.
01:22
I sat alone in my thoughts,
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
01:24
worried about my colleagues and students.
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ื‘ื“ืื’ื” ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื•ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
01:30
We sat there, only understanding that somehow, Valentine's Day --
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ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื, ื•ืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื™ื•ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” --
01:38
We sat there, only understanding that somehow, Valentine's Day
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ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื, ื•ืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื™ื•ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื”
01:42
had ended up with our babies dead,
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ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื™ื,
01:45
and we didn't know what to do next.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืื”.
01:52
It's been two months,
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ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
01:54
and every day I still hear the echoes of the "pop, pop" sound of the gunfire.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืืช ื”ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”"ืคื•ืค, ืคื•ืค" ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ืจื™.
01:59
I remember the fearful faces of my students
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
02:02
when we knew it wasn't a drill.
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ื›ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœ.
02:05
Still, there's no constant emotion,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืจื’ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
02:09
except for flashes of pain, grief and anger
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ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ื‘ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื•ื›ืขืก
02:15
triggered by the news,
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ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื“ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
02:17
or an insensitive comment,
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ืื• ื”ืขืจื” ื—ืกืจืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช,
02:19
or just silence.
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ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืงื˜.
02:26
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School lost 17 precious lives
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืข"ืฉ ืžืจื’'ื•ืจื™ ืกื˜ื•ื ืžืŸ ื“ื’ืœืืก ืื™ื‘ื“ 17 ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื
02:31
on that horrible day.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืจื.
02:37
After, students asked us, the adults
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
02:41
the hardest question:
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ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
02:43
How can we stop the senseless violence?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ?
02:47
This was the most difficult question I've been asked.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืฉืืœืชื™.
02:52
But it was not the first time I've been humbled by a student's question.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื—ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“.
02:56
I've been teaching in the public schools for 33 years,
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ 33 ืฉื ื™ื,
03:00
so I know you have to admit what you don't know
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข
03:03
before you can share what you do know.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข.
03:06
In fact, there's a method to being an engaged student,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“,
03:11
teacher, citizen.
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ืžื•ืจื”, ืื–ืจื— ืžืขื•ืจื‘.
03:13
First, listen closely to the person asking you a question.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœืื“ื ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชืš ืฉืืœื”.
03:20
Second, admit your vulnerability. Admit what you don't know.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืฉืœืš. ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข.
03:25
Third, do your homework.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
03:28
Fourth, humbly share your knowledge.
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ืืจื‘ืข, ืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื”.
03:33
I know all about this process.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
03:35
My students ask really thoughtful questions all the time.
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืžื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:39
They're eager to learn,
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ื”ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“,
03:41
and sometimes they're eager to prove their smarts.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
03:45
And believe me, they know when I have no idea of the answer,
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
03:49
so in those instances, I say to them,
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืชื ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื,
03:52
"That's a great question. Let me research that and get back to you."
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"ื–ืืช ืฉืืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื".
03:57
So when my students asked,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืืœื•,
03:59
"How do we stop this senseless violence?"
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"ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•?"
04:02
I listened,
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ืื ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™,
04:05
and then I admitted,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™,
04:08
"I don't know."
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช".
04:10
And like I always do when I don't know the answer to one of my questions,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
04:14
I began doing my homework.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:18
And as a history teacher,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
04:19
I knew I needed to start with the Second Amendment and the NRA.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ (ื”-NRA).
04:25
In case it's been a while since you've been sitting in a history class,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื– ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
04:28
here is what the Second Amendment
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™
04:30
actually says:
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ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ:
04:33
"A well regulated Militia,
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"ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
04:35
being necessary to the security of a free State,
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ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช,
04:39
the right of the people to keep and bear arms,
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ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืฉืง,
04:41
shall not be infringed."
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ืœื ืชื•ืคืจ".
04:45
Meaning, the federal government could not infringe on the rights of citizens
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืคืจ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
04:48
to participate in well-regulated militias.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
04:53
The Second Amendment was ratified 226 years ago.
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ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 226 ืฉื ื™ื.
04:58
It was written in a time before the federal government's armed forces
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ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช
05:01
were among the most powerful in the world
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
05:04
and when state militias were viewed as necessary to protect the states.
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ื•ื›ืฉืžืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
05:09
Fast-forward 80 years, to 1871.
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ื ืจื•ืฅ ืงื“ื™ืžื” 80 ืฉื ื”, ืœ1871.
05:14
The American Civil War had ended a few years prior,
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ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
05:17
but a couple of Union officers
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ
05:19
had witnessed some pretty shoddy marksmanship on the battlefield.
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ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืขื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘.
05:24
So in an attempt to prepare their men for any future conflicts,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืขืชื™ื“ื™
05:28
they founded the National Rifle Association
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ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
05:31
to promote rifle practice.
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ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™.
05:35
In short, the Second Amendment was written to ensure
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ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื
05:38
that our newly formed and fragile country
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ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:41
had access to organized state militias.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช.
05:45
And the NRA's original mission was to ensure future soldiers had good aim.
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื™ืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:54
Someone could teach an entire course
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืœื
05:56
on how the next 150 years influenced the gun regulation conversations
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš 150 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื— ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง
06:01
we're having in the United States
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
06:02
and our interpretation of the Second Amendment.
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ื•ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ื•ืงื”.
06:06
Almost every pivotal moment in our nation's history
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:10
in one way or another
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช
06:11
influenced how we as a people
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ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
06:13
manufacture, debate, regulate and feel about guns.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื, ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
06:20
A lot of change has occurred.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
06:22
As a matter of fact, it wasn't until 2008
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008
06:26
that the Supreme Court ruled for the first time
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
06:29
the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm
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ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื—ื•ืงื” ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง
06:33
unconnected with service in a militia
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ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ื‘ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื”
06:36
and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช,
06:40
such as self-defense within the home.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
06:43
Within the home.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
06:46
This change over time is striking to me,
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
06:50
because it reminds us
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื•
06:51
that the interpretation of the Second Amendment
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ืฉื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™
06:55
and cultural attitudes about guns
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง
06:57
have changed over time.
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ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
07:00
Which gives me hope they could change again.
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ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘.
07:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:13
It's an incredibly complex and dynamic history lesson,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
07:16
but it's not the lesson I'm here to teach today,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืœืงื— ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืœืœืžื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:19
because we don't have time.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ.
07:20
I'm not talking about time,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ,
07:22
the time that I have here to stand and speak.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
07:25
I'm talking about the fact we don't have time to lose.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื‘ื“.
07:30
According to the CDC,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขืชืŸ (ื”-CDC),
07:32
over the last five years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:34
on average, each day 96 people are killed by guns in the United States,
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96 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
07:41
and if we don't figure out how to answer my students' question soon,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
07:47
one of us could be next.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื.
07:51
So, if the question is, how do we stop this senseless violence,
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ืื–, ืื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•,
07:56
the best way I can think to answer
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื ื•ืช
07:58
is to look at multiple choice.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
08:00
You remember multiple-choice questions in high school, don't you?
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืจื‘-ื‘ืจื™ืจืชื™ (ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™) ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืœื?
08:05
Let's start.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ.
08:07
Choice A: this will end when we hold gun manufacturers responsible
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ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื': ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื
08:13
for the deadliness of their products.
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:16
It might surprise you to learn that we've actually thought about this before.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
08:20
Between 1998 and 2000,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืช 1998 ืœืฉื ืช 2000,
08:23
30 counties and cities sued gun manufacturers,
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30 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื™ื ืชื‘ืขื• ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:27
saying they should make their products safer
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ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
08:29
and do a better job of tracking where their products are sold.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื ืžื›ืจื™ื.
08:34
In response, manufacturers argued
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื•
08:37
that they had no direct liability for how their products were used.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:42
They said the stores who sold the guns and the owners who bought them
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืงื ื• ืื•ืชื
08:47
were responsible should anything bad happen.
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ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืงืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข.
08:51
In response to this and many other lawsuits,
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
08:54
the NRA lobbied for the passage of the PLCAA,
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ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื—ืคื• ืืช ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื—ื•ืง ื”-PLCAA,
08:59
the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act.
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ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
09:03
The PLCAA passed with bipartisan support in 2005
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ื—ื•ืง ื”-PLCAA ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื“ื•-ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ืช ื‘2005
09:08
and entrusts gun manufacturers
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ื•ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง
09:10
to design guns safely,
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ื™ืขืฆื‘ื• ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื,
09:13
stores to sell those guns responsibly
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ืฉื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™
09:17
and someone to own and use the gun responsibly.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™.
09:23
And so when 17 students and faculty die at my school,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉ-17 ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™
09:30
no one in this chain will assume responsibility.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:42
Let's take a look at another option,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืื—ืจืช,
09:44
Choice B:
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ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘:
09:46
this will end when we hold ourselves accountable
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ื–ื” ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืงื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
09:49
and regulate the estimated 300 million guns available in America.
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ื•ื ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
09:55
Yes, voting is one of the best ways
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:57
to take personal responsibility for gun violence.
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ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
10:00
Making sure that our lawmakers are willing to pass commonsense gun reform
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ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
10:05
is one of the most effective ways to get those 300 million guns under control.
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ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื•ืชื 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
10:11
And also, gun owners can take personal initiative.
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ื•ื’ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
10:15
If you own a gun,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจื•ื‘ื”,
10:17
ask yourself:
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ืชืฉืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื:
10:19
Do I have an extra gun I don't need?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš?
10:22
Could it fall into the wrong hands?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช?
10:25
Have I attended the latest training?
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ื”ืื ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ?
10:29
Perhaps as a gun owner,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง,
10:31
you should also ask
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ืืชื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ
10:32
whether you have been taking care of your mental health?
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ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืคืœืชื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
10:36
When it comes to gun violence, the mental health argument falls flat
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง, ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื ื•ืคืœ
10:40
if we don't acknowledge our own personal vulnerabilities
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ืื ืœื ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจืคื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:43
to mental illness.
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช.
10:45
One in six Americans will struggle with mental illness.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืฉืฉื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ.
10:50
If we own a gun, we should be rigorously engaged in the upkeep
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืคื“ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื”
10:54
of our emotional well-being
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:57
so we don't pull a trigger
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืง
10:59
in times of illness.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”.
11:01
Otherwise, we should seriously ask ourselves
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ืื—ืจืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
11:04
whether we really have the time and attention to own a gun.
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ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
11:12
Perhaps for some of us
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื—ืœืงื ื•
11:15
it's time to lay down our arms.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœื ื•.
11:20
Then we have Choice C:
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื’:
11:22
this will end when we do a better job of taking care of each other.
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ื–ื” ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
11:26
Many social issues affect why people buy and use guns.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
11:30
Sixty-two percent of US gun fatalities
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62 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
11:34
between 2012 and 2016 were suicides,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 2012-2016 ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช,
11:39
yet we call people maniacs and psychos, shaming them.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื.
11:44
We are creating barriers for people that need help.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ืกืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”.
11:48
Why are we embarrassing each other?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”?
11:51
Let's make it easier, not harder,
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ื‘ื• ื ืงืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช
11:53
for people to access better mental health care.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
11:57
What else? Sexism, racism and poverty affect gun ownership
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“? ืกืงืกื™ื–ื, ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง
12:02
and gun-related fatalities.
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ื•ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
12:05
On average, it's estimated that 50 women were fatally shot each month
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ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืžื•ืขืจืš ื›ื™ 50 ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื• ืžื™ืจื™ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
12:10
between 2010 and 2014
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 2010-2014
12:13
due to domestic violence,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
12:16
and women are still dying in their homes.
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ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
12:20
Let's empower women
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ื‘ื ื ืขืฆื™ื ื ืฉื™ื
12:21
and give our young boys a chance to learn
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืชื— ืœืœืžื•ื“
12:23
how to work out their conflicts and emotions with words, not weapons.
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ืื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
12:29
And the "Washington Post" reported that last year,
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ื•ื”"ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜" ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
12:33
nearly 1,000 people were fatally wounded
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 1,000 ืื™ืฉ ื ืคืฆืขื• ืงืฉื”
12:36
by on-duty police officers.
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ืžืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืคืขื™ืœ.
12:39
Talk to Black Lives Matter and the police union about that.
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ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ "Black Lives Matter" ื•ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:43
We need to tackle this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”.
12:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:52
At the end of the day,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื,
12:54
perhaps people won't feel the need
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš
12:56
to buy and use a gun
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ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง
12:59
when they all equally feel safe,
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ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”,
13:04
healthy, respected and cared for.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื.
13:10
All right, discussion time is over.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื’ืžืจ.
13:12
It's now time to answer the question.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”.
13:14
How do we stop this senseless violence?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•?
13:17
Is it Choice A,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื,
13:21
Choice B,
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ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื‘,
13:24
Choice C?
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ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื’?
13:26
Now, I know what you're all thinking.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืืชื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
13:28
You remember that multiple-choice questions
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ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
13:30
almost never end with just three possibilities.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช.
13:33
There's always that fourth, Choice D: all of the above.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื“: ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
13:38
Maybe that's the answer here.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ.
13:42
Or maybe "all of the above" is too easy, and this is not an easy problem.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ - "ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ืžื“ื™, ื•ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืœื”.
13:48
It requires deep analytical thinking by all of us.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•.
13:54
So instead, I'm asking you to do your homework,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื›ื, ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
13:58
write your own Choice D
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ืชื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื“ ืฉืœื›ื
14:01
using supporting detail.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื.
14:03
And if you're not sure where to start, look to my students as role models.
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ืื ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื›ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืจืื”.
14:07
They are armed with incredible communication skills
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ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื
14:10
and a sense of citizenship that I find so inspiring.
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ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœืืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืžื ื”.
14:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:24
These are public school kids engaged in the issue of gun regulation,
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง,
14:29
and their endeavor has moved our hearts.
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ื•ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉืœื”ื ื ื’ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช.
14:33
And they shouldn't have to do this on their own.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“.
14:36
They're asking you,
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ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื›ื,
14:38
they're asking all of us,
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ื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•,
14:39
to get involved.
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ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘.
14:42
This isn't a spectator sport.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœ ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื.
14:45
So what's the right answer?
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ืื– ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”?
14:49
I don't know. Listen, I'm no gun control expert.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง.
14:52
I teach the humanities.
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื—.
14:55
To be human is to learn,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื–ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“,
14:57
and to be part of a civilization is to share your knowledge.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš.
15:01
This kind of honest, brave and sincere engagement
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ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื ื”, ืืžื™ืฆื” ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
15:05
is what I ask of my students,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
15:07
what I expect of myself as a teacher
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืžืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื”
15:10
and what I demand of you now.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
15:14
Every one of you needs to do your homework.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
15:17
And then what?
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ื•ืื– ืžื”?
15:18
Humbly share your knowledge with each other.
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ืฉืชืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
15:21
Please teach your family,
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
15:24
teach your community,
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ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื,
15:26
your city council, your state legislature.
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
15:30
Teach Congress a lesson.
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ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืœืงื—.
15:33
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:38
Thank you. Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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