I leapt from the stratosphere. Here's how I did it | Alan Eustace

311,321 views ・ 2015-09-28

TED


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翻译人员: Pechow Z 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
So I grew up in Orlando, Florida.
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我在佛罗里达州的奥兰多市长大
00:16
I was the son of an aerospace engineer.
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我是航空工程师的儿子
00:19
I lived and breathed the Apollo program.
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阿波罗计划与我的生活息息相关
00:22
We either saw the launches from our backyard
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我们不是在后院里看着发射器
00:24
or we saw it by driving in the hour over to the Cape.
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就是开上好几个小时车到开普敦镇去看它
00:27
I was impressed by, obviously, space and everything about it,
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显然,空间科学对我产生了深刻的影响
00:30
but I was most impressed by the engineering that went into it.
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但最让我印象深刻的是这背后的工程学
00:34
Behind me you see an amazing view,
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你看到的在我身后的壮观景象
00:37
a picture that was taken from the International Space Station,
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是一幅从国际空间站拍的图片
00:41
and it shows a portion of our planet
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它展示了我们星球的一部分
00:43
that's rarely seen and rarely studied
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罕见而且极少被研究的一部分
00:46
and almost never explored.
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几乎从未被探索的一个地方
00:48
That place is called the stratosphere.
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这一部分被称为平流层
00:50
If you start on the planet and you go up and up and up,
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如果你从地面出发一直往上往上往上
00:54
it gets colder and colder and colder,
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周围会变得愈来愈冷
00:56
until you reach the beginning of the stratosphere,
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直到你进入平流层
00:59
and then an amazing thing happens.
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接下来神奇的事情发生了
01:01
It gets colder at a much slower rate, and then it starts warming up,
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变冷的速度变慢了许多,然后开始暖和起来
01:05
and then it gets warmer and warmer
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然后越来越暖和
01:07
until the point where you can almost survive without any protection,
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直到你几乎不需要任何保护措施也能生存
01:12
about zero degrees,
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大约到达了零度
01:14
and then you end up getting colder and colder,
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接下来你会愈来愈冷愈来愈冷
01:17
and that's the top of the stratosphere.
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这就是平流层的顶部了
01:19
It is one of the least accessible places on our planet.
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这是我们这个星球极少有人到达的地方之一
01:23
Most often, when it's visited,
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大多数情况下,当它被造访时,
01:25
it's by astronauts who are blazing up at it
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那是宇航员们乘坐着火箭
01:29
at probably several times the speed of sound,
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以大约是音速数倍的速度穿过它
01:32
and they get a few seconds on the way up,
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宇航员在上升时停留了几秒钟
01:34
and then they get this blazing ball of fire coming back in,
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还有就是他们返航时,坐着烧成火球的返回舱
01:39
on the way back in.
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回到地面上
01:41
But the question I asked is, is it possible to linger in the stratosphere?
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但我想问的问题是,是否有可能在平流层逗留?
01:45
Is it possible to experience the stratosphere?
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是否有可能去体验平流层?
01:47
Is it possible to explore the stratosphere?
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是否有可能去探索平流层?
01:54
I studied this using my favorite search engine
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我用我最喜欢的搜索引擎来研究这个问题
01:57
for quite a while, about a year,
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研究了大约有一年
02:00
and then I made a scary phone call.
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然后我根据一个朋友的参考意见
02:04
It was a reference from a friend of mine to call Taber MacCallum
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给Taber MacCallum打了一通吓人的电话
02:07
from Paragon Space Development Corporation,
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他在Paragon空间发展公司工作
02:10
and I asked him the question:
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我问了他这个问题:
02:11
is it possible to build
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有没有可能
02:16
a system to go into the stratosphere?
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建造一个去平流层的系统?
02:18
And he said it was.
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他回答说, “可以。”
02:19
And after a period of about three years, we proceeded to do just that.
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此后大约过了三年,我们开始着手筹划
02:26
And on October 24 of last year,
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在去年的十月24号
02:29
in this suit,
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穿着这套设备
02:31
I started on the ground,
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我从地面出发
02:33
I went up in a balloon to 135,890 feet --
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我在一个气球中上升到离地135,890英尺的高度
02:40
but who's counting?
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但谁关心数字呢?
02:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:44
Came back to Earth at speeds of up to 822 miles an hour.
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回地球的速度高达822公里每小时
02:49
It was a four-minute and 27-second descent.
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我下降了四分27秒
02:53
And when I got to 10,000 feet, I opened a parachute and I landed.
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当我到达10,000英尺,我打开降落伞然后在地面着陆
02:58
(Applause)
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(鼓掌喝彩)
03:06
But this is really a science talk, and it's really an engineering talk,
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但这是一次关于科学的演讲, 关于工程技术的演讲
03:10
and what was amazing to me about that experience
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这次体验让我感到不可思议的是
03:12
is that Taber said, yes, I think we can build a stratospheric suit,
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Taber说,我们可以制作一套适用于平流层的装备,
03:17
and more than that, come down tomorrow
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不止如此,明天过来
03:19
and let's talk to the team that formed the core of the group
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让我们和制作出装备的小组的
03:22
that actually built it.
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核心人员深入探讨。
03:24
And they did something which I think is important,
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他们做了一些我认为很重要的事情,
03:28
which is they took the analogy of scuba diving.
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他们参考了潜水器的设计。
03:32
So in scuba diving,
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在潜水器里,
03:33
you have a self-contained system.
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有一个自携装置。
03:35
You have everything that you could ever need.
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你所需要的一切都有。
03:38
You have a scuba tank.
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你有一个氧气瓶。
03:40
You have a wetsuit.
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你有潜水服。
03:43
You have visibility.
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你有可视装置。
03:44
And that scuba is exactly this system,
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潜水装置就是我们想要的系统,
03:47
and we're going to launch it into the stratosphere.
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我们要把一种类似的装置发射到平流层去。
03:50
Three years later, this is what we have.
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三年研究后,这是我们的改良装置。
03:54
We've got an amazing suit that was made by ILC Dover.
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ILC Dover为我们制作了一套令人惊叹的服装装置。
03:58
ILC Dover was the company that made all of the Apollo suits
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ILC Dover公司提供了阿波罗计划的所有保护套装
04:02
and all of the extravehicular activity suits.
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和所有外太空活动的保护套装
04:04
They had never sold a suit commercially,
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他们从来不向私人出售,
04:08
only to the government,
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只和政府打交道,
04:09
but they sold one to me, which I am very grateful for.
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但他们向我提供了一套,我对此很是感激。
04:13
Up here we have a parachute. This was all about safety.
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在这里我们有一个降落伞包。安全起见。
04:17
Everyone on the team knew
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我们团队里的人都知道
04:22
that I have a wife and two small children --
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我有妻子和两个很小的孩子 --
04:24
10 and 15 --
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一个十岁另一个十五岁 ——
04:27
and I wanted to come back safely.
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我想平安地回来。
04:29
So there's a main parachute and a reserve parachute,
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有一个主降落伞包和一个备用降落伞包,
04:31
and if I do nothing,
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如果我什么都不做(译注:失去意识或行为能力),
04:33
the reserve parachute is going to open because of an automatic opening device.
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备用降落伞包将会被自动启用装置打开。
04:38
The suit itself can protect me from the cold.
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这套保护服会为我御寒。
04:40
This area in the front here has thermal protection.
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前面的部分有高温保护装置。
04:43
It will actually heat water that will wrap around my body.
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它会加热环绕我身体的水。
04:46
It has two redundant oxygen tanks.
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它有两个冗余的氧气瓶。
04:48
Even if I was to get a quarter-inch hole in this suit,
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即使我在这套保护服上弄出一个四分之一英寸的小孔,
04:52
which is extremely unlikely,
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当然这个几率很小,
04:54
this system would still protect me from the low pressure of space.
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这套装置依然能在低压环境中保护我。
04:59
The main advantage of this system is weight and complexity.
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这套系统主要的优点是重量很轻,复杂性相对教低。
05:03
So the system weighs about 500 pounds,
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整套系统重500磅,
05:06
and if you compare it to the other attempt recently to go up in the stratosphere,
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如果跟其它穿越平流层的装备比的话,
05:09
they used a capsule.
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别人使用的是太空舱。
05:11
And to do a capsule, there's an amazing amount of complexity that goes into it,
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制作太空舱需要极其复杂的工艺,
05:15
and it weighed about 3,000 pounds,
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重量约为3000磅,
05:17
and to raise 3,000 pounds to an altitude of 135,000 feet,
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要让3000磅的装置升到135,000英尺,
05:21
which was my target altitude,
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那是我的目标高度,
05:23
it would have taken a balloon that was 45 to 50 million cubic feet.
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需要一个4.5到5千万立方英尺的气球。
05:30
Because I only weighed 500 pounds in this system,
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而整个系统加我在内只有500磅,
05:34
we could do it with a balloon that was five times smaller than that,
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我们可以用一个小五倍的气球代替,
05:37
and that allowed us to use a launch system that was dramatically simpler
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这样我们就可以用一个简便多了的发射系统
05:41
than what needs to be done for a much larger balloon.
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不需要那些大气球需要的复杂装备。
05:45
So with that, I want to take you to Roswell, New Mexico, on October 24.
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现在,我带你们看看10月24日的罗斯威尔市,在新墨西哥州。
05:50
We had an amazing team that got up in the middle of the night.
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我们有一个在深夜工作的伟大的团队。
05:53
And here's the suit.
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这就是保护服。
05:56
Again, this is using the front loader that you'll see in a second,
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再次说明,这是用抓钩机吊起来的,你们马上会再见到,
05:59
and I want to play you a video of the actual launch.
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我想放一段发射现场的视频。
06:02
Roswell's a great place to launch balloons,
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罗斯威尔是发射气球的好场所,
06:04
but it's a fantastic place to land under a parachute,
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更是一个降落伞降落的绝佳场所,
06:08
especially when you're going to land 70 miles away from the place you started.
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尤其是你要从70英里的高空降落时。
06:13
That's a helium truck in the background.
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背景里的是一辆装氢气的卡车。
06:16
It's darkness.
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天黑了。
06:17
I've already spent about an hour and a half pre-breathing.
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我已经花了一个半小时调整呼吸。
06:20
And then here you see the suit going on.
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然后你看到的是装备保护服的过程。
06:24
It takes about an hour to get the suit on.
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整个过程用了一个小时。
06:29
Astronauts get this really nice air-conditioned van
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宇航员乘坐空调专车去发射点
06:33
to go to the launch pad, but I got a front loader.
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但我是被抓钩机吊着送去的。
06:35
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:38
You can see the top. You can see the balloon up there.
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你可以看见最上面。你可以看见那上面的气球。
06:40
That's where the helium is.
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里面填充的是氢气。
06:44
This is Dave clearing the airspace with the FAA for 15 miles.
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这是Dave和联邦航空管理局在帮我清出来15英里的飞行空间。
06:52
And there we go.
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现在我们升空了。
06:56
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:58
That's me waving with my left hand.
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这是我在挥动我的左手。
06:59
The reason I'm waving with my left hand
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我挥动左手的原因是
07:02
is because on the right hand is the emergency cutaway.
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挥动右手表示紧急刹停。
07:04
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:06
My team forbade me from using my right hand.
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我的团队禁止我用我的右手。
07:11
So the trip up is beautiful. It's kind of like Google Earth in reverse.
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向上的旅途十分美妙。有点像反过来播放的谷歌地图。
07:14
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:17
It took two hours and seven minutes to go up,
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向上花了两个小时七分钟,
07:19
and it was the most peaceful two hours and seven minutes.
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那是最平静的两小时七分钟。
07:22
I was mostly trying to relax.
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大多时间我试着放松。
07:25
My heart rate was very low
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我的心率极其缓慢
07:27
and I was trying not to use very much oxygen.
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我尽可能少用氧气。
07:31
You can see how the fields in the background
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你可以在背景里看到地面建筑
07:34
are relatively big at this point,
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现在还是相对比较大的,
07:36
and you can see me going up and up.
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你可以看见我一直在上升。
07:38
It's interesting here, because if you look,
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这里十分有趣,你看,
07:40
I'm right over the airport, and I'm probably at 50,000 feet,
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我在机场的正上方,大约50,000英尺高,
07:43
but immediately I'm about to go into a stratospheric wind
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但马上我就要进入平流层风带
07:46
of over 120 miles an hour.
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那里风的时速超过120英里。
07:51
This is my flight director telling me that I had just gone higher
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这是我的飞行指导员告诉我
07:55
than anybody else had ever gone in a balloon,
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我比任何用气球上去的人到得更高,
07:57
and I was about 4,000 feet from release.
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我离自由落体点还有4,000英尺。
08:01
This is what it looks like.
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终于抵达了最终的高度
08:06
You can see the darkness of space, the curvature of the Earth,
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你可以看见太空中的暗处,地球的曲线,
08:10
the fragile planet below.
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底下的脆弱的星球。
08:20
I'm practicing my emergency procedures mentally right now.
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当时正在脑海中演练紧急情况处理流程。
08:24
If anything goes wrong, I want to be ready.
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如果有意外发生,我希望能稳妥应对。
08:26
And the main thing that I want to do here
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在这里的我想做的主要事情是
08:28
is to have a release and fall and stay completely stable.
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稳稳当当地降落在目的地。
08:35
(Video) Ground control. Everyone ready?
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(视频)地面控制台。所有人都准备好了吗?
08:43
Five. Four. Three. Two. One.
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五!四!三!二!一!
08:59
Alan Eustace: There's the balloon going by, fully inflated at this point.
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现在飘过去的是气球,已经充好气了。
09:04
And there you can see a drogue parachute, which I'll demonstrate in just a second,
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现在你看到的是减速伞,我马上会介绍,
09:08
because that's really important.
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因为这非常重要。
09:10
There's the balloon going by a second time.
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这是第二次看到气球
09:21
Right now, I'm about at the speed of sound.
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现在,我马上要以音速飞行。
09:24
There's nothing for me to tell it's the speed of sound,
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我对音速没有什么好描述的,
09:27
and very soon I will actually be as fast as I ever get,
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很快我就到达了所能达到的最高速,
09:31
822 miles an hour.
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时速822英里。
09:49
(Video) Ground control: We lost the data.
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(视频)地面控制台:我们的通信中断了
09:54
AE: So now I'm down low right now
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现在我开始下降了、
09:56
and you can basically see the parachute come out right there.
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你们能看见降落伞在这边出现。
10:01
At this point, I'm very happy that there's a parachute out.
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那时,我非常开心降落伞打开了。
10:05
I thought I was the only one happy,
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我以为我是唯一一个觉得开心的人,
10:07
but it turns out mission control was really happy as well.
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但我发现任务控制中心也非常开心。
10:10
The really nice thing about this is the moment I opened --
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最妙的时刻是我打开降落伞时 --
10:13
I had a close of friend of mine, Blikkies, my parachute guy.
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我的好朋友,Blikkies,我的降落伞教练,
10:17
He flew in another airplane, and he actually jumped out
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他乘坐另一架飞机,他真的在机上跳下来
10:20
and landed right next to me.
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然后在我身旁降落。
10:22
He was my wingman on the descent.
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他是我下降过程的军师。
10:25
This is my landing, but it's probably more properly called a crash.
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这是我的降落过程,更准确的说是撞击地面的过程。
10:30
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:35
I hate to admit it, but this wasn't even close to my worst landing.
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我非常不愿意承认,这是我最最槽糕的降落。
10:38
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:41
(Applause)
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(掌声)
11:00
(Video) Man: How are you doing?
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(视频)男人:你好吗?
11:01
AE: Hi there!
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AE:你好啊!
11:07
Yay.
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棒极了。
11:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:10
So I want to tell you one thing
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我想告诉你们一件事情
11:12
that you might not have seen in that video,
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你可能没有在视频里看过,
11:14
but one of the most critical parts of the entire thing was the release
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但是整件事情中最重要的部分是刚刚脱离时
11:18
and what happens right after you release.
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和接下来的十几秒钟。
11:21
And what we tried to do was use something called a drogue parachute,
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我们尝试用了降速伞,
11:25
and a drogue parachute was there to stabilize me.
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降速伞是帮助我平稳下降的。
11:28
And I'll show you one of those right now.
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我马上要给你展示其中一个。
11:30
If any of you have ever gone tandem skydiving,
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如果你们中有人试过串联跳伞,
11:34
you probably used one of these.
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你可能用过这个。
11:38
But the problem with one of these things
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但还有一个问题
11:40
is right when you release, you're in zero gravity.
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当你自由落体是,你处于零重力。
11:43
So it's very easy for this to just turn right around you.
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所以这个东西就很容易绕着你打转。
11:46
And before you know it, you can be tangled up or spinning,
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在你反应过来之前,就会被缠住或者打起转来,
11:51
or you can release this drogue late,
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如果你晚一点打开减速伞,
11:54
in which case what happens is you're going down at 800 miles an hour,
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这时候你就会以800英里的时速下降,
11:58
and this thing is going to destroy itself
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这东西就会自己被破坏
12:00
and not be very useful.
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变得毫无用处。
12:03
But the guys at United Parachute Technologies came up with this idea,
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但联合降落伞科技的人想出这种办法,
12:07
and it was a roll that looks like that,
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翻转看起来是这样的,
12:09
but watch what happens when I pull it out.
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但我把它拉出来以后。
12:13
It's forming a pipe.
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它形成了一个管道。
12:16
This pipe is so solid
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这个管道非常坚固
12:20
that you can take this drogue parachute and wrap it around,
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让你可以把减速伞包裹在上面,
12:24
and there's no way it will ever tangle with you.
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它就无法缠扰你了。
12:27
And that prevented a very serious potential problem.
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这避免了非常危险的潜在问题。
12:31
So nothing is possible without an amazing team of people.
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当有一个梦幻的团队是没有事情是不可能的。
12:34
The core of this was about 20 people
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队伍的核心是20个成员
12:37
that worked on this for the three years,
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他们在这上面花了三年,
12:39
and they were incredible.
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他们非常了不起。
12:40
People asked me what the best part of this whole thing was,
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人们问我整件事情最美妙的部分在哪,
12:43
and it was a chance to work with the best experts
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那是与最好的专业人员共事的
12:46
in meteorology and ballooning and parachute technology
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在气象学,热气球和降落伞科技共事的机会
12:50
and environmental systems and high altitude medicine.
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还有环境系统和高空用药。
12:55
It was fantastic. It's an engineer's dream to work with that group of people.
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那太美妙了。和他们一起共事是每个工程师梦想。
12:59
And I also at the same time wanted to thank my friends at Google,
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同时我想感谢在谷歌的朋友,
13:02
both for supporting me during this effort
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感谢你们对我努力成果的支持
13:05
and also covering for me in the times that I was away.
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和在我不在的时间里为我分担。
13:08
But there's one other group I wanted to thank, and that's my family.
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还有另一个我想致谢的团队,我的家庭。
13:12
Yay.
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你们真棒。
13:13
(Applause)
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(掌声)
13:19
I would constantly give them speeches about the safety of technology,
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我会持续不断的告诉他们科学的安全性,
13:23
and they weren't hearing any of it.
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但他们一点也不会听进去。
13:27
It was super hard on them,
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这对他们来说太难了,
13:28
and the only reason that my wife put up with it
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我妻子容忍下来的唯一一个原因
13:31
was because I came back incredibly happy after each of the 250 tests,
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是每次当我完成测试(共250项)测试后回到家都非常开心,
13:36
and she didn't want to take that away from me.
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她不想让我失去这份快乐。
13:38
So I want to close with a story.
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我想以一个故事收场。
13:40
My daughter Katelyn, my 15-year-old, she and I were in the car,
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我的15岁的女儿Katelyn, 和我在车里,
13:45
and we were driving down the road, and she was sitting there,
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我们沿着路开,她坐在那
13:48
and she had this idea, and she goes, "Dad, I've got this idea."
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她想到一个主意,她说,“爸爸,我有一个主意。”
13:52
And so I listened to her idea and I said, "Katelyn, that's impossible."
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我听了她的主意然后说,“Katelyn,这是不可能的。”
13:57
And she looks at me
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她看着我
13:58
and she goes, "Dad, after what you just did,
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她说,“爸爸,在你做到这件事情之后,
14:02
how can you call anything impossible?"
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还有什么事情可以被你称作不可能的?“
14:05
And I laughed, and I said, "OK, it's not impossible,
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我大笑,然后我说,”好的,这不是不可能的,
14:09
it's just very, very hard."
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只是非常,非常的困难。”
14:12
And then I paused for a second, and I said, "Katelyn,
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然后我停顿了一秒,接着说,“Katelyn,
14:15
it may not be impossible, it may not even be very, very hard,
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或许并不是不可能,甚至也不是难,
14:19
it's just that I don't know how to do it."
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而只是因为我不知道怎么实现它。”
14:22
Thank you.
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谢谢你们
14:23
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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