Simon Lewis: Don't take consciousness for granted

64,600 views ・ 2011-07-07

TED


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翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Guo Tang
00:15
There was a time in my life
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我的生命里曾有段日子
00:18
when everything seemed perfect.
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一切似乎都很完美
00:21
Everywhere I went, I felt at home.
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所到之处都如家一般温馨
00:23
Everyone I met,
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所遇之人
00:25
I felt I knew them for as long as I could remember.
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都如故人一般熟悉
00:28
And I want to share with you how I came to that place
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我想跟大家分享我是如何去到那里
00:31
and what I've learned since I left it.
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以及从离开那儿起我学到的东西
00:33
This is where it began.
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开头是这样
00:36
And it raises an existential question,
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这引出一个存在性问题
00:38
which is, if I'm having this experience of complete connection and full consciousness,
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那就是,如果我亲身经历并对此有完整的意识的话
00:41
why am I not visible in the photograph,
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为什么我不在照片上
00:44
and where is this time and place?
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以及这是何时何地?
00:47
This is Los Angeles, California, where I live.
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这是加利福尼亚的洛杉矶,我所住的地方
00:50
This is a police photo. That's actually my car.
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这是张警方的照片,那是我的车
00:53
We're less than a mile from one of the largest hospitals in Los Angeles,
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我们离洛杉矶最大的一家医院不到一里路
00:56
called Cedars-Sinai.
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那家医院是西德斯西奈医院
00:58
And the situation is that a car full of paramedics
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那时的情形是一辆满载着
01:00
on their way home from the hospital after work
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从医院下班的医护人员的车
01:03
have run across the wreckage,
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碰上了事故现场
01:05
and they've advised the police
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他们通知警方
01:07
that there were no survivors inside the car,
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车内没有幸存者
01:09
that the driver's dead, that I'm dead.
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司机死了,我也是
01:12
And the police are waiting for the fire department to arrive
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那时警方正在等消防车过来
01:15
to cut apart the vehicle
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切割车身
01:17
to extract the body of the driver.
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好搬出司机的尸体
01:19
And when they do, they find that behind the glass,
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当他们作业时发现了
01:22
they find me.
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玻璃后的我-
01:24
And my skull's crushed and my collar bone is crushed;
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头骨和锁骨都已经撞断
01:26
all but two of my ribs,
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除了两根肋骨
01:28
my pelvis and both arms --
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盆骨和两个胳膊
01:30
they're all crushed, but there is still a pulse.
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我已经粉身碎骨,但仍有脉搏
01:33
And they get me to that nearby hospital,
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他们带我到了附近那家医院
01:35
Cedars-Sinai,
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西德斯西奈医院
01:37
where that night I receive, because of my internal bleeding,
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因为内出血,那晚我输了
01:40
45 units of blood --
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45单位的血液-
01:42
which means full replacements of all the blood in me --
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这意味着得全部换血-
01:44
before they're able to staunch the flow.
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才保证了我有稳定的血液量
01:46
I'm put on full life support,
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我被接上呼吸机
01:48
and I have a massive stroke,
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有严重中风
01:51
and my brain drops into a coma.
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大脑陷入昏迷
01:53
Now comas are measured
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昏迷(程度)按照15到3
01:55
on a scale from 15 down to three.
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来衡量
01:57
Fifteen is a mild coma. Three is the deepest.
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15是轻度昏迷 3是最深度的
02:00
And if you look, you'll see that there's only one way you can score three.
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只有一种方法能得3分
02:03
It's essentially there's no sign of life
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基本就是表面看来
02:05
from outside at all.
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没有任何生命迹象
02:07
I spent more than a month in a Glasgow Coma Scale three,
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我有一个多月处于格拉斯哥三度昏迷中
02:10
and it is inside that deepest level of coma,
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在最深度的昏迷中
02:12
on the rim between my life and my death,
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我在生死间徘徊
02:15
that I'm experiencing the full connection and full consciousness
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我体验到与内心世界的
02:18
of inner space.
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完全联接和全部意识
02:20
From my family looking in from outside,
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我的家人看着我
02:23
what they're trying to figure out
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他们想弄清楚的
02:25
is a different kind of existential question,
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是另一种存在性问题
02:28
which is, how far is it going to be possible to bridge
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就是昏迷状态的精神世界
02:31
from the comatose potential mind that they're looking at
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和真实的精神世界
02:34
to an actual mind,
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有多大差距?
02:36
which I define simply
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我将其定义为
02:38
as the functioning of the brain
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残存在头部的
02:40
that is remaining inside my head.
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大脑功能
02:42
Now to put this into a broader context,
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从更宽泛的角度来说
02:44
I want you to imagine that you are an eternal alien
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你想像自己是个天外来客
02:47
watching the Earth from outer space,
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从外太空俯视地球
02:49
and your favorite show on intergalactic satellite television
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你最喜欢的太空卫星频道
02:52
is the Earth channel,
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是地球频道
02:54
and your favorite show is the Human Show.
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你最喜欢的节目是《人类世界》
02:57
And the reason I think it would be so interesting to you
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我认为你会对此感兴趣的原因
02:59
is because consciousness is so interesting.
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是意识是很有意思的
03:01
It's so unpredictable
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它是如此变幻莫测
03:03
and so fragile.
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又如此脆弱
03:05
And this is how we began.
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这就是我们如何开始的
03:07
We all began in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia.
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从埃塞俄比亚的阿瓦什河谷开始
03:10
The show began with tremendous special effects,
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这个节目有宏大的特效
03:12
because there were catastrophic climate shifts --
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因为有灾难性的气候变化-
03:15
which sort of sounds interesting as a parallel to today.
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和如今对比这听起来有点意思
03:18
Because of the Earth tilting on its axis
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因为地球倾斜的地轴
03:20
and those catastrophic climate shifts,
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和灾难性的气候变化
03:23
we had to figure out how to find better food,
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我们得弄清楚如何找到更好的食物
03:25
and we had to learn -- there's Lucy; that's how we all began --
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我们得学习-这是露西(南方古猿),我们的起源-
03:28
we had to learn how to crack open animal bones,
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我们得学习如何使用工具来
03:31
use tools to do that, to feed on the marrow,
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砸开动物的骨骼,以食用骨髓
03:33
to grow our brains more.
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来是我们的大脑得到发育
03:35
So we actually grew our consciousness
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所以我们实际是发展出意识
03:37
in response to this global threat.
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以应对这种全球性威胁
03:39
Now you also continue to watch
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接着看
03:41
as consciousness evolved to the point
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意识发展到这个程度
03:43
that here in India, in Madhya Pradesh,
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这是印度的中央邦
03:46
there's one of the two oldest known pieces of rock art found.
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那有最古老的两幅岩画
03:50
It's a cupule that took 40 to 50,000 blows with a stone tool to create,
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这是个用石器击打上四十到五万次制成的吸盘
03:54
and it's the first known expression of art
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而且这是地球上第一个已知的
03:56
on the planet.
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艺术表现
03:58
And the reason it connects us with consciousness today
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而在今天仍然能与我们的意识联接的原因是
04:00
is that all of us still today,
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时至今日
04:02
the very first shape we draw as a child
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儿童期的我们画出的第一个形状
04:05
is a circle.
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是个圆形
04:07
And then the next thing we do is we put a dot in the center of the circle.
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然后我们会在圆心点一个点
04:10
We create an eye --
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创造出一只眼睛-
04:12
and the eye that evolves through all of our history.
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在历史长河中进化出的眼睛
04:14
There's the Egyptian god Horus,
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埃及神贺拉斯
04:16
which symbolizes prosperity, wisdom and health.
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象征着繁荣,智慧和健康
04:19
And that comes down right way to the present
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这体现在
04:22
with the dollar bill in the United States,
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今天的美元大钞上
04:24
which has on it an eye of providence.
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还有一个普罗维登斯的眼睛
04:27
So watching all of this show from outer space,
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因此从外太空看这一切
04:29
you think we get it, we understand
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你觉得我们明白
04:31
that the most precious resource on the blue planet
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这个蓝色星球上最珍贵的资源
04:33
is our consciousness.
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是我们的意识
04:35
Because it's the first thing we draw;
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因为这我们画的第一个图案
04:37
we surround ourselves with images of it;
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我们的周围都是它的形象
04:39
it's probably the most common image on the planet.
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它可能是在这个星球上最常見的形象
04:41
But we don't. We take our consciousness for granted.
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但我们并没有理解 我们认为意识是理所当然的
04:44
While I was producing in Los Angeles, I never thought about it for a second.
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在洛杉矶的时候我从来没有想过这个问题
04:47
Until it was stripped from me, I never thought about it.
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直到它被夺走了
04:49
And what I've learned since that event
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我从这件事
04:51
and during my recovery
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和康复过程中学到的
04:53
is that consciousness is under threat on this planet
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是这个星球上意识正受到
04:56
in ways it's never been under threat before.
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前所未有的威胁
04:58
These are just some examples.
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这只是些例子
05:00
And the reason I'm so honored to be here
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我有幸
05:02
to talk today in India
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今天能在印度演讲
05:04
is because India has the sad distinction
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是因为印度是
05:06
of being the head injury capital of the world.
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世界头部受伤的最多的城市
05:09
That statistic is so sad.
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统计数据令人心寒
05:11
There is no more drastic and sudden gap created
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没有比严重头部创伤
05:14
between potential and actual mind
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会导致潜在意识和实际意识之间的
05:16
than a severe head injury.
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鸿沟
05:18
Each one can entail up to a decade of rehabilitation,
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每个受伤者有十年的康复期
05:21
which means that India, unless something changes,
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也就是说没有任何措施的话
05:23
is accumulating a need
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印度正在累积
05:25
for millennia of rehabilitation.
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上千年的康复期
05:29
What you find in the United States
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在美国每20秒
05:31
is an injury every 20 seconds -- that's one and a half million every year --
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就是发生一场受伤事件-每年150万次-
05:34
stroke every 40 seconds,
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每四十秒就有人中风
05:36
Alzheimer's disease, every 70 seconds somebody succumbs to that.
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每70秒就有人患上老年痴呆症
05:39
All of these represent gaps
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这些代表着潜在意识
05:41
between potential mind and actual mind.
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和实际意识间的割裂
05:45
And here are some of the other categories, if you look at the whole planet.
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如果你放眼全球 还有些其他类型
05:48
The World Health Organization tells us
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根据世界卫生组织
05:50
that depression is the number one disease on Earth
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就患病时间而言
05:53
in terms of years lived with disability.
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抑郁症是地球上的头号疾病
05:56
We find that the number two source of disability
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在15岁到44岁人群中
05:59
is depression in the age group
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忧郁症是
06:01
of 15 to 44.
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第二位致病来源
06:03
Our children are becoming depressed
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我们的孩子正以惊人的速度
06:05
at an alarming rate.
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变得抑郁
06:07
I discovered during my recovery
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在康复期
06:09
the third leading cause of death amongst teenagers
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我发现青少年第三大死亡原因
06:11
is suicide.
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是自杀
06:13
If you look at some of these other items -- concussions.
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至于其他的情况还有一个就是脑震荡
06:15
Half of E.R. admissions from adolescents
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急诊室接诊的青少年
06:17
are for concussions.
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半数是由于脑震荡
06:19
If I talk about migraine,
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如果说道偏头痛
06:21
40 percent of the population
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40%的人口
06:23
suffer episodic headaches.
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患有阵发性头痛
06:25
Fifteen percent suffer migraines
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15%的人口患有偏头痛
06:27
that wipe them out for days on end.
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令他们苦不堪言
06:29
All of this is leading -- computer addiction,
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所有这一切会导致-电脑成瘾
06:31
just to cover that: the most frequent thing we do
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说到这,我们常做的事
06:33
is use digital devices.
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就是使用电子设备
06:35
The average teenager
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一个普通青少年
06:37
sends 3,300 texts every [month].
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每月发送3300条短信
06:40
We're talking about a society that is retreating
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我们谈论的是当我们
06:42
into depression and disassociation
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可能遭遇下一个灾难性的气候变化时
06:45
when we are potentially confronting
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整个社会却正在
06:47
the next great catastrophic climate shift.
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陷入抑郁和分裂
06:50
So what you'd be wondering, watching the Human Show,
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你看着《人类世界》的节目会想
06:52
is are we going to confront and address
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我们会不会
06:54
the catastrophic climate shift that may be heading our way
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通过发展我们的意识 来应对即将到来的
06:56
by growing our consciousness,
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灾难性气候变化
06:58
or are we going to continue to retreat?
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还是我们将(在抑郁中)越陷越深?
07:00
And that then might lead you
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这可能会让你
07:02
to watch an episode one day
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天天跑一趟
07:04
of Cedars-Sinai medical center
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西德斯西奈医院
07:07
and a consideration of the difference between potential mind and actual mind.
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以及深思潜在意识和实际意识间的差异
07:10
This is a dense array EEG MRI
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这是MRI跟踪156频道信息的
07:13
tracking 156 channels of information.
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脑电图
07:15
It's not my EEG at Cedars;
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这不是我在西德斯医院的脑电图
07:18
it's your EEG tonight and last night.
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这是你今晚和昨晚的脑电图
07:21
It's the what our minds do every night
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这是我们的大脑每晚
07:23
to digest the day
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在消化白天的一切
07:25
and to prepare to bridge from the potential mind when we're asleep
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和准备从睡着的潜在意识
07:27
to the actual mind when we awaken the following morning.
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转换到次日早晨清醒后的实际意识
07:30
This is how I was when I returned from the hospital
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这是我4个月后
07:33
after nearly four months.
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出院的样子
07:35
The horseshoe shape you can see on my skull
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你可以看到在我头骨上的马蹄形状
07:37
is where they operated and went inside my brain
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这是他们为了救我
07:39
to do the surgeries they needed to do to rescue my life.
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对大脑进行手术的地方
07:42
But if you look into the eye of consciousness, that single eye you can see,
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但如果你看看意识的唯一眼睛
07:45
I'm looking down,
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我在向下看
07:47
but let me tell you how I felt at that point.
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让我告诉你当时的感受
07:50
I didn't feel empty; I felt everything simultaneously.
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我没有感到空虚 我实时地感受着一切
07:52
I felt empty and full, hot and cold,
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我感到空和满,热与冷
07:55
euphoric and depressed
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愉快和抑郁
07:57
because the brain is the world's first
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因为大脑是这世上第一个
07:59
fully functional quantum computer;
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全功能的量子大脑
08:01
it can occupy multiple states at the same time.
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它可以同时多线程运作
08:04
And with all the internal regulators of my brain damaged,
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虽然我的大脑内部调控程序受损
08:07
I felt everything simultaneously.
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我能实时地感受一切
08:10
But let's swivel around and look at me frontally.
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让我们从正面看看我自己
08:13
This is now flash-forward to the point in time
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现在切换到
08:15
where I've been discharged by the health system.
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我被移除保健系统设备的样子
08:18
Look into those eyes. I'm not able to focus those eyes.
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看看那双眼睛 我不能集中它们
08:20
I'm not able to follow a line of text in a book.
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我读不懂书上的一行字
08:23
But the system has moved me on
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但是医疗体系已经跟我撇清关系了
08:25
because, as my family started to discover,
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因为我的家人发现
08:28
there is no long-term concept
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医疗保健系统里
08:30
in the health care system.
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没有长期概念
08:32
Neurological damage, 10 years of rehab,
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神经损伤,十年康复期
08:35
requires a long-term perspective.
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需要以一个长期的视角来对待
08:37
But let's take a look behind my eyes.
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但让我们看看眼睛背后的情况
08:39
This is a gamma radiation spec scan
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这是一张伽马线扫描图
08:41
that uses gamma radiation
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通过伽马射线
08:43
to map three-dimensional function within the brain.
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勾勒出大脑的三位功能区
08:46
It requires a laboratory to see it in three dimension,
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要看到三维图需要一个实验室才行
08:48
but in two dimensions I think you can see
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但二维的你可以看到
08:50
the beautiful symmetry and illumination
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一个正常大脑的
08:52
of a normal mind at work.
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美丽的对称性及其光亮
08:54
Here's my brain.
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这是我的大脑
08:56
That is the consequence of more than a third of the right side of my brain
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这是中风破坏了右脑的三分之一后的
08:59
being destroyed by the stroke.
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结果
09:01
So my family, as we moved forward
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我的家人
09:03
and discovered that the health care system had moved us by,
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当发现医疗保健系统已经与我们不相干的时候
09:06
had to try to find solutions and answers.
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不得不设法寻找解决方案
09:08
And during that process -- it took many years --
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在这个长期过程中
09:11
one of the doctors said that my recovery, my degree of advance,
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一个医生说,基于我的脑损伤程度
09:14
since the amount of head injury I'd suffered,
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我的康复过程
09:16
was miraculous.
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是个奇迹
09:18
And that was when I started to write a book,
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当时我正动手准备写本书
09:20
because I didn't think it was miraculous.
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因为我不认识那是奇迹
09:22
I thought there were miraculous elements,
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当然不能否认有奇迹的因素
09:24
but I also didn't think it was right
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我认为
09:26
that one should have to struggle and search for answers
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对于一个社会流行问题却要人们苦苦寻找答案
09:28
when this is a pandemic within our society.
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是不对的
09:31
So from this experience of my recovery,
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所以我的康复经历
09:34
I want to share four particular aspects --
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我想从四个方面来与人们分享它-
09:37
I call them the four C's of consciousness --
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我称之为意识4C-
09:39
that helped me grow my potential mind
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它们帮助我发展我的潜在意识
09:42
back towards the actual mind that I work with every day.
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直到我每天使用的实际意识
09:45
The first C is cognitive training.
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第一个是认知训练
09:47
Unlike the smashed glass of my car,
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跟那些被砸碎的车玻璃不一样
09:50
plasticity of the brain
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大脑的可塑性
09:52
means that there was always a possibility, with treatment,
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意味着通过训来治疗的可能性
09:55
to train the brain
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从而
09:57
so that you can regain and raise your level of awareness and consciousness.
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恢复和提高自觉和意识水平
10:00
Plasticity means that there was always
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可塑性就是理智的希望
10:02
hope for our reason --
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永远存在-
10:04
hope for our ability to rebuild that function.
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是我们重建功能的希望
10:07
Indeed, the mind can redefine itself,
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的确,意识能够重新定义自身
10:09
and this is demonstrated by two specialists called Hagen and Silva
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70年的哈根和西瓦两位专家
10:12
back in the 1970's.
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就证明了
10:14
The global perspective
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在全球
10:16
is that up to 30 percent of children in school
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高达百分之三十的在学儿童
10:18
have learning weaknesses
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有无法自我纠正的
10:20
that are not self-correcting,
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学习能力缺陷
10:22
but with appropriate treatment,
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但通过适当治疗
10:24
they can be screened for and detected and corrected
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可以对他们进行筛选,检查和纠正
10:27
and avoid their academic failure.
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以避免学业的失败
10:29
But what I discovered is it's almost impossible to find anyone
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但我发现几乎没有人
10:32
who provides that treatment or care.
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提供这样的治疗或关注
10:34
Here's what my neuropsychologist provided for me
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这是我的神经学家给我的资料
10:36
when I actually found somebody who could apply it.
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如果我能找到人实际使用它
10:39
I'm not a doctor, so I'm not going to talk about the various subtests.
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我不是医生,就不谈各种具体测试了
10:42
Let's just talk about full-scale I.Q.
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只谈谈全量表智商
10:44
Full-scale I.Q. is the mental processing --
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全量表智商用于测试
10:46
how fast you can acquire information,
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你如何快速提取
10:48
retain it and retrieve it --
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保留和检索信息的过程
10:50
that is essential for success in life today.
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这对今天生活中的成功是很重要的
10:53
And you can see here there are three columns.
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你可以看到有三栏
10:55
Untestable -- that's when I'm in my coma.
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不可测试的-当时我正处于昏迷状态
10:58
And then I creep up to the point that I get a score of 79,
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然后我慢慢恢复到79分的水平
11:01
which is just below average.
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仅仅低于平均水平
11:04
In the health care system, if you touch average, you're done.
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在医疗保健系统中,你达到了平均就完事了
11:07
That's when I was discharged from the system.
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那就是我出院时的水平
11:09
What does average I.Q. really mean?
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平均I.Q.究竟意味着什么?
11:12
It meant that when I was given two and a half hours
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意味着我要用两个半小时
11:15
to take a test that anyone here
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来完成这里任何一个人50分钟
11:17
would take in 50 minutes,
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就能完成的测试
11:19
I might score an F.
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可能得到的还是F
11:22
This is a very, very low level
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这是个非常低的水平
11:24
in order to be kicked out of the health care system.
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当医院就此撒手不管了
11:26
Then I underwent cognitive training.
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所以接着我接受了认知训练
11:28
And let me show you what happened to the right-hand column
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做了一段时间的认知训练后
11:30
when I did my cognitive training over a period of time.
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看看右侧烂发生了什么变化
11:33
This is not supposed to occur.
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不应该是这样
11:36
I.Q. is supposed to stabilize and solidify
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I.Q.应该稳定和固定在了
11:39
at the age of eight.
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八岁的水平
11:41
Now the Journal of the National Medical Association
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全美医学协会杂志
11:43
gave my memoir a full clinical review,
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给我的回忆录做了一个完整的临床检查
11:45
which is very unusual.
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这是很罕见的
11:47
I'm not a doctor. I have no medical background whatsoever.
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我不是医生,没有医学背景
11:50
But they felt the evidences
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但他们认为书中的
11:52
that there was important, valuable information in the book,
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信息是重要的有价值的
11:55
and they commented about it when they gave the full peer review to it.
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并在同行检阅后评价了它
11:58
But they asked one question. They said, "Is this repeatable?"
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但他们问了一个问题:“这个个例能被复制吗?”
12:01
That was a fair question
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这是个合理的问题
12:03
because my memoir was simply how I found solutions that worked for me.
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因为我的回忆录是对我有效的方案
12:06
The answer is yes, and for the first time,
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答案是肯定的 这是头一次
12:08
it's my pleasure to be able to share two examples.
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跟大家分享这两个例子
12:10
Here's somebody, what they did as they went through cognitive training
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这个人在他7岁和11岁时接受过
12:12
at ages seven and 11.
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认知训练
12:14
And here's another person in, call it, high school and college.
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另外一个人是在高中和大学接受的
12:17
And this person is particularly interesting.
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这个人很有意思
12:19
I won't go into the intrascatter that's in the subtests,
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我没打算纠缠于具体测试
12:21
but they still had a neurologic issue.
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不过他们都有神经性问题
12:23
But that person could be identified
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那个人被诊断有
12:25
as having a learning disability.
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学习障碍
12:27
And with accommodation, they went on to college
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但他们在帮助下进了大学
12:29
and had a full life in terms of their opportunities.
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他们的生活充满机遇
12:32
Second aspect:
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第二方面:(颅颌紊乱)
12:34
I still had crushing migraine headaches.
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我仍然有很剧烈的偏头痛
12:36
Two elements that worked for me here
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我了解到我身上的两个原因
12:38
are -- the first is 90 percent, I learned, of head and neck pain
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第一百分之九十是由肌肉和骨骼不吻合
12:42
is through muscular-skeletal imbalance.
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引起的头部和颈部疼痛
12:44
The craniomandibular system is critical to that.
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颅骨下颌骨系统是疼痛的重要原因
12:48
And when I underwent it and found solutions,
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当我经受疼痛发现了解决方案
12:51
this is the interrelationship between the TMJ and the teeth.
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这是牙齿和颞颌关节的相关位置
12:54
Up to 30 percent of the population
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高达百分之三十的人口
12:56
have a disorder, disease or dysfunction in the jaw
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由于下巴的紊乱,疾病或功能障碍
12:59
that affects the entire body.
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而影响健康
13:01
I was fortunate to find a dentist
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我很幸运找到了一个牙医
13:03
who applied this entire universe
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他用上了你能看到的
13:05
of technology you're about to see
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所有技术
13:07
to establish that if he repositioned my jaw,
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来做下颚重建
13:09
the headaches pretty much resolved,
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头痛的麻烦解决了
13:11
but that then my teeth weren't in the right place.
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但我的牙位置不正
13:13
He then held my jaw in the right position
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然后他把我的下巴固定到正确位置
13:15
while orthodontically he put my teeth into correct alignment.
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重新矫正了牙的位置
13:19
So my teeth actually hold my jaw in the correct position.
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所以,我的牙居然固定我的下巴的正确位置上
13:22
This affected my entire body.
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这影响了我整个身体
13:25
If that sounds like a very, very strange thing to say
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你一定觉得这是个
13:27
and rather a bold statement --
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奇怪而大胆的说法-
13:29
How can the jaw affect the entire body? --
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下颚能影响整个身体?
13:31
let me simply point out to you,
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简而言之地说
13:33
if I ask you tomorrow
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如果我叫你明天
13:35
to put one grain of sand between your teeth
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把一粒沙子放在你牙齿间
13:37
and go for a nice long walk,
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然后去悠闲地散步
13:39
how far would you last
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你會可以走多遠
13:41
before you had to remove that grain of sand?
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你能走多远?
13:43
That tiny misalignment.
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就是这么小的偏差
13:45
Bear in mind, there are no nerves in the teeth.
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请记住,牙齿里并没有神经
13:47
That's why the same between the before and after that this shows,
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这就是为什么这张图片上看不出前后
13:50
it's hard to see the difference.
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有什么什么差别
13:52
Now just trying putting a few grains of sand between your teeth
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现在视着把粒沙子放进牙齿间
13:54
and see the difference it makes.
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看看差别
13:56
I still had migraine headaches.
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我仍然有偏头痛
13:58
The next issue that resolved
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接下来解决的问题是
14:00
was that, if 90 percent of head and neck pain
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如果百分之九十的头部和颈部头痛
14:02
is caused by imbalance,
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是失衡造成
14:04
the other 10 percent, largely --
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剩下的百分之十大部分就是-
14:06
if you set aside aneurysms, brain cancer
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不考虑动脉瘤,脑肿瘤
14:08
and hormonal issues --
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和激素问题的话-
14:10
is the circulation.
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就是循环
14:12
Imagine the blood flowing through your body --
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试想一下,血液流经身体-
14:14
I was told at UCLA Medical Center --
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在加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心我获知-
14:16
as one sealed system.
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它是一个封闭的系统
14:18
There's a big pipe with the blood flowing through it,
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有一个血液流动的大管道
14:20
and around that pipe are the nerves
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周围是神经
14:22
drawing their nutrient supply from the blood.
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从血液里吸取养分
14:24
That's basically it.
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基本就是如此
14:26
If you press on a hose pipe in a sealed system,
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如果在一个封闭系统的软管上摁某处
14:28
it bulges someplace else.
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另一个地方就会鼓起
14:30
If that some place else where it bulges
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如果鼓起的地方
14:32
is inside the biggest nerve in your body, your brain,
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是在你身体里最大的神经上,大脑上
14:35
you get a vascular migraine.
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那就是血管偏头痛
14:37
This is a level of pain that's only known
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这种痛苦的程度
14:39
to other people who suffer vascular migraines.
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只有其他身患血管偏头痛的人才知道
14:42
Using this technology,
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利用这种
14:44
this is mapping in three dimensions.
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三维投射技术
14:46
This is an MRI MRA MRV,
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这是磁共振成像, 磁共振血管摄影, MRV,
14:48
a volumetric MRI.
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一個有体积的磁共振成像
14:50
Using this technology, the specialists at UCLA Medical Center
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利用这种技术,加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心的专家
14:53
were able to identify
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能找到
14:55
where that compression in the hose pipe was occurring.
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这个软管被压的位置
14:57
A vascular surgeon removed most of the first rib on both sides of my body.
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一名血管外科医生移除了两侧第一根肋骨的大部分
15:01
And in the following months and years,
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在接下来的几个月和几年里
15:03
I felt the neurological flow of life itself returning.
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我感受到神经里流淌的生命活力重新回来了
15:06
Communication, the next C. This is critical.
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下一个C是交流 这个至关重要
15:09
All consciousness is about communication.
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所有的意识都是为了沟通
15:12
And here, by great fortune,
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很幸运
15:14
one of my father's clients
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我父亲一个客户的
15:16
had a husband who worked
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丈夫曾在
15:18
at the Alfred Mann Foundation for Scientific Research.
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阿尔夫雷德・曼恩基金的研究所工作
15:21
Alfred Mann is a brilliant physicist and innovator
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阿尔夫雷德・曼恩是一位杰出的物理学家和创新者
15:23
who's fascinated with bridging gaps in consciousness,
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着迷于恢复意识
15:26
whether to restore hearing to the deaf, vision to the blind
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恢复失聪者的听力和失明者的视力
15:29
or movement to the paralyzed.
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或者瘫痪的人恢复运动能力
15:31
And I'm just going to give you an example today
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今天我讲的例子
15:33
of movement to the paralyzed.
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是瘫痪者康复的例子
15:35
I've brought with me, from Southern California,
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我从南加利福尼亚带来的
15:38
the FM device.
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FM设备
15:40
This is it being held in the hand.
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这是拿在手上的样子
15:42
It weighs less than a gram.
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它的重量不到一克
15:44
So two of them implanted in the body would weigh less than a dime.
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因此,两个植入体内的设备还不到一毛钱的重量
15:47
Five of them would still weigh less
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五个的重量也
15:49
than a rupee coin.
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不及一个卢比硬币
15:51
Where does it go inside the body?
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那它装在身体哪里?
15:53
It has been simulated and tested to endure in the body corrosion-free
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通过模拟和测试,它可在体内不受腐蚀地停留
15:55
for over 80 years.
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超过80年
15:57
So it goes in and it stays there.
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因此它进入人体后就留下來
15:59
Here are the implantation sites.
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这是植入点
16:01
The concept that they're working towards -- and they have working prototypes --
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他们正在努力开发的原型-
16:04
is that we placed it throughout the motor points of the body
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就是将其置于人体内
16:06
where they're needed.
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需要的运动关节点
16:08
The main unit will then go inside the brain.
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主单位则植入大脑
16:10
An FM device in the cortex of the brain, the motor cortex,
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一个FM装置在大脑皮层,运动皮质
16:13
will send signals in real time
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向相关肌肉上的运动点
16:15
to the motor points in the relevant muscles
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发送实时信号
16:17
so that the person will be able to move their arm, let's say, in real time,
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这样即使一个人失去控制手臂的能力,他也能实时地
16:20
if they've lost control of their arm.
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移动手臂
16:22
And other FM devices implanted in fingertips,
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而其他FM装置植入指尖
16:25
on contacting a surface,
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在接触一个表面的时候
16:27
will send a message back to the sensory cortex of the brain,
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就会将信息传回大脑皮层
16:30
so that the person feels a sense of touch.
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从而人能感觉到触摸
16:33
Is this science fiction? No,
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这是科幻小说吗? 不是的
16:35
because I'm wearing the first application of this technology.
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因为我正穿着第一套应用此科技的装置
16:38
I don't have the ability to control my left foot.
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我没有控制左脚的能力
16:40
A radio device is controlling every step I take,
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一个无限装置控制着我的每一步
16:43
and a sensor picks up my foot for me
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每次我抬脚
16:45
every time I walk.
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都是感应器提起了它
16:47
And in closing, I want to share
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最后我想分享
16:49
the personal reason why this meant so much to me
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这一切对我至关重要
16:51
and changed the direction of my life.
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并改变我人生方向的个人理由
16:53
In my coma, one of the presences I sensed
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在我处于昏迷状态时,我感觉到有
16:55
was someone I felt was a protector.
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一个保护者的存在
16:57
And when I came out of my coma, I recognized my family,
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当我从昏迷中醒来,我认出我的家人
17:00
but I didn't remember my own past.
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但关于我的过去我什么都不记得了
17:03
Gradually, I remembered the protector was my wife.
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渐渐得我想起这个保护者是我的妻子
17:06
And I whispered the good news
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我小声告诉我的夜班护士这个好消息
17:08
through my broken jaw, which was wired shut,
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虽然我的下巴破裂
17:10
to my night nurse.
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还缝着线
17:12
And the following morning, my mother came to explain
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第二天早上,我母亲解释道
17:14
that I'd not always been in this bed, in this room,
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我并不是一直躺在这张床上这个屋子里
17:16
that I'd been working in film and television
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直到事故前我一直从事在
17:18
and that I had been in a crash
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电视电影行业
17:20
and that, yes, I was married,
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而且没错 我结过婚
17:23
but Marcy had been killed instantly in the crash.
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但马西在事故当场就死亡了
17:26
And during my time in coma,
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而在我昏迷期间
17:28
she had been laid to rest in her hometown of Phoenix.
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她已在家乡凤凰城入土为安
17:32
Now in the dark years that followed, I had to work out what remained for me
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在之後的這些黑暗的幾年中,我不得不思考
17:35
if everything that made today special was gone.
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如果一切令今日特别的东西都不在那么我还有什么
17:38
And as I discovered these threats to consciousness
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当我发现这些对意识的威胁
17:41
and how they are surrounding the world
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以及它们在全世界的普遍存在
17:43
and enveloping the lives of more and more people every day,
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并在每天包围着越来越多的人
17:46
I discovered what truly remained.
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我发现了真正存在的东西
17:48
I believe that we can overcome the threats to our consciousness,
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我相信我们能克服意识的威胁
17:51
that the Human Show can stay on the air
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我们的《人类世界》
17:53
for millennia to come.
446
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可以在未来千年里继续上映
17:55
I believe that we can all rise and shine.
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我相信我们可以如星星一般闪亮耀眼
17:58
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
18:00
(Applause)
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(掌声)
18:06
Lakshmi Pratury: Just stay for a second. Just stay here for a second.
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拉什米•普拉特里:请留步
18:09
(Applause)
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(掌声)
18:13
You know,
452
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你们知道吗
18:16
when I heard Simon's --
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当我听到西蒙的(故事)-
18:20
please sit down; I just want to talk to him for a second --
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请坐 我就想跟他谈谈-
18:23
when I read his book, I went to LA to meet him.
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当我读了他的书以后我去了洛杉矶见他
18:26
And so I was sitting in this restaurant,
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当时我坐在一家餐厅里
18:29
waiting for a man to come by
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等一个人来到
18:32
who obviously would have some difficulty ...
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我想他肯定有些许不便
18:34
I don't know what I had in my mind.
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我不知道会看到什么
18:36
And he was walking around.
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而他正在到处走动
18:38
I didn't expect that person that I was going to meet
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我没想到我要见的人
18:40
to be him.
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就是他
18:42
And then we met and we talked,
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然后我们聊天
18:44
and I'm like, he doesn't look
464
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我想,他一点都不像
18:46
like somebody who was built out of nothing.
465
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一个起死回生的病人
18:50
And then I was amazed
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然后我很惊讶
18:52
at what role technology played
467
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科技为你的康复
18:54
in your recovery.
468
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起的作用
18:56
And we have his book outside
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外面书店
18:58
in the bookshop.
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有他的书
19:00
The thing that amazed me
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最令我惊讶的是
19:02
is the painstaking detail
472
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书中的那些细节
19:05
with which he has written
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他记录下
19:07
every hospital he has been to,
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去过的每一家医院
19:09
every treatment he got,
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做过的每一个治疗
19:11
every near-miss he had,
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每一个功败垂成的结果
19:14
and how accidentally he stumbled upon innovations.
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以及他无意中发现的创新
19:18
So I think this one detail
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我觉得大家可能
19:23
went past people really quick.
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容易错过这个细节
19:25
Tell a little bit about what you're wearing on your leg.
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说说你穿在腿上的东西吧
19:28
Simon Lewis: I knew when I was timing this
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西蒙・路易斯:我知道演讲的时候
19:30
that there wouldn't be time for me to do anything about --
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没有时间将这个了-
19:32
Well this is it. This is the control unit.
483
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这个就是控制装置
19:35
And this records every single step I've taken
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这个纪录我走的每一步
19:37
for, ooh, five or six years now.
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大概已经五六年了
19:39
And if I do this, probably the mic won't hear it.
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如果我这么做麦克风可能收不到音
19:44
That little chirp followed by two chirps is now switched on.
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一声后两声响就是开关打开了
19:47
When I press it again, it'll chirp three times,
488
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再按一次,会响三下
19:50
and that'll mean that it's armed and ready to go.
489
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也就是准备好了可是开始了
19:54
And that's my friend. I mean, I charge it every night.
490
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它是我的朋友,每晚要充电
19:57
And it works. It works.
491
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它很好用
19:59
And what I would love to add because I didn't have time ...
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我很像补充点刚刚没来得及讲的
20:02
What does it do? Well actually, I'll show you down here.
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它是做什么的?你们可以看到这儿
20:05
This down here, if the camera can see that,
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这儿 如果摄像机能拍到的话
20:08
that is a small antenna.
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这是个小天线
20:11
Underneath my heel, there is a sensor
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我脚跟下是个传感器
20:14
that detects when my foot leaves the ground --
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能监测到我的脚离开地面-
20:16
what's called the heel lift.
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就是脚跟抬起
20:18
This thing blinks all the time; I'll leave it out, so you might be able to see it.
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这个东西在闪 我拿出来这样你们能看见
20:21
But this is blinking all the time. It's sending signals in real time.
500
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这个会一直闪烁 它在发送实时信号
20:24
And if you walk faster, if I walk faster,
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如果我走得快
20:27
it detects what's called the time interval,
502
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它检测到的时间间隔
20:29
which is the interval between each heel lift.
503
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就是每次脚跟抬起的间隔
20:31
And it accelerates the amount and level of the stimulation.
504
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就会加快刺激的数量和水平
20:35
The other things they've worked on -- I didn't have time to say this in my talk --
505
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他们做过其他工作-我没有时间谈了-
20:38
is they've restored functional hearing
506
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就是他们帮助了成千上万个
20:40
to thousands of deaf people.
507
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失聪人士
20:42
I could tell you the story: this was going to be an abandoned technology,
508
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我可以告诉你们:这本来是个将被废弃的技术
20:45
but Alfred Mann met the doctor who was going to retire,
509
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阿尔夫雷德・曼恩碰到了这位即将退休的医生
20:47
[Dr. Schindler.]
510
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辛德勒医生
20:49
And he was going to retire -- all the technology was going to be lost,
511
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他即将退休-所有的技术都将丢失
20:52
because not a single medical manufacturer would take it on
512
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没有一个医疗制造商愿意接手
20:55
because it was a small issue.
513
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因为这是个小市场
20:57
But there's millions of deaf people in the world,
514
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但世界上有上百万的失聪人士
21:00
and the Cochlear implant has given hearing to thousands of deaf people now.
515
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现在人工耳蜗帮助了他们恢复听力
21:03
It works.
516
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很有用
21:05
And the other thing is they're working on artificial retinas for the blind.
517
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他们正在努力为失明人士开发人工视网膜
21:08
And this, this is the implantable generation.
518
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这是一个可植入的世代
21:11
Because what I didn't say in my talk
519
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因为我还没在演讲中提到
21:13
is this is actually exoskeletal.
520
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植入是在骨骼外
21:15
I should clarify that.
521
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我要澄清这点
21:17
Because the first generation is exoskeletal,
522
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第一代是骨骼外植入
21:19
it's wrapped around the leg,
523
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所以缠在
21:21
around the affected limb.
524
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受用肢体上
21:23
I must tell you, they're an amazing --
525
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但我得说,他们很厉害
21:25
there's a hundred people who work in that building --
526
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那个楼里有上百人工作-
21:27
engineers, scientists,
527
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工程师,科学家
21:29
and other team members -- all the time.
528
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和其他团队成员-一直在工作
21:31
Alfred Mann has set up this foundation
529
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阿尔夫雷德・曼恩建立了这个基金
21:34
to advance this research
530
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一促进该研究
21:36
because he saw
531
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因为他看到
21:38
there's no way venture capital would come in for something like this.
532
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没有人愿意在这个项目上注入投资
21:41
The audience is too small.
533
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目标人群太小了
21:43
You'd think, there's plenty of paralyzed people in the world,
534
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你想说,世上有很多瘫痪的人
21:45
but the audience is too small,
535
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但是目标人群太小
21:47
and the amount of research, the time it takes,
536
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而大量的研究和时间
21:50
the FDA clearances,
537
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FDA 的许可证
21:52
the payback time is too long
538
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投资回报期太长
21:54
for V.C. to be interested.
539
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风投者没有兴趣
21:56
So he saw a need and he stepped in.
540
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因此他看到了他插手此事的必要
21:58
He's a very, very remarkable man.
541
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他是一个了不起的人
22:01
He's done a lot of very cutting-edge science.
542
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研发了很多尖端技术
22:04
LP: So when you get a chance, spend some time with Simon.
543
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拉什米•普拉特里:如果你有机会,请跟西蒙谈谈
22:06
Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢
22:08
(Applause)
545
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(掌声)
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