Simon Lewis: Don't take consciousness for granted

64,555 views ・ 2011-07-07

TED


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譯者: Ana Choi 審譯者: Chueh-chen Wang
00:15
There was a time in my life
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在我的生命裡曾經有一段時間,
00:18
when everything seemed perfect.
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一切似乎都很完美。
00:21
Everywhere I went, I felt at home.
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我到處哪裡,都覺得像在家裡般舒服。
00:23
Everyone I met,
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我遇見每個人,
00:25
I felt I knew them for as long as I could remember.
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我都覺得我跟他們認識了很久。
00:28
And I want to share with you how I came to that place
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而我想與大家分享的是我如何來達到那個狀況,
00:31
and what I've learned since I left it.
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以及從我離開那個狀況之後學到什麼。
00:33
This is where it began.
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這就是開始。
00:36
And it raises an existential question,
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它提出了一個存在性的問題,
00:38
which is, if I'm having this experience of complete connection and full consciousness,
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那就是,如果我當時是有完整的連接系統和全意識,
00:41
why am I not visible in the photograph,
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為什麼在照片看不到我,
00:44
and where is this time and place?
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以及這是什麼時間和地點?
00:47
This is Los Angeles, California, where I live.
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這是美國加利福尼亞州的洛杉磯,我居住的地方。
00:50
This is a police photo. That's actually my car.
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這是一張警方的照片。那實際上是我的車。
00:53
We're less than a mile from one of the largest hospitals in Los Angeles,
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我們距離洛杉磯的最大的醫院之一不到一英里,
00:56
called Cedars-Sinai.
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那家醫院稱為雪松•西奈半島醫療中心。
00:58
And the situation is that a car full of paramedics
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而情況是,一輛汽車載滿剛下班
01:00
on their way home from the hospital after work
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在回家路上的醫護人員
01:03
have run across the wreckage,
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遇上這事故後的汽車殘骸,
01:05
and they've advised the police
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他們已經通知警方,
01:07
that there were no survivors inside the car,
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車內沒有任何倖存者,
01:09
that the driver's dead, that I'm dead.
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那司機已經死了,那我已死了。
01:12
And the police are waiting for the fire department to arrive
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而警方正在等待消防局的人到達
01:15
to cut apart the vehicle
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來分割車身
01:17
to extract the body of the driver.
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來搬出司機的屍體。
01:19
And when they do, they find that behind the glass,
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而當他們這樣做後,他們在玻璃的後面,
01:22
they find me.
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他們發現我 --
01:24
And my skull's crushed and my collar bone is crushed;
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我的頭骨粉碎,我的鎖骨粉碎,
01:26
all but two of my ribs,
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除了我的兩個肋骨,
01:28
my pelvis and both arms --
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骨盆和我的雙臂。
01:30
they're all crushed, but there is still a pulse.
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他們都被壓碎,但我仍有脈搏。
01:33
And they get me to that nearby hospital,
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他們讓我進入那附近的醫院,
01:35
Cedars-Sinai,
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雪松•西奈半島醫療中心,
01:37
where that night I receive, because of my internal bleeding,
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因為我的內部出血,那天晚上我接受了
01:40
45 units of blood --
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45個單位的血液 --
01:42
which means full replacements of all the blood in me --
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這意味著完全替換我所有的血液 --
01:44
before they're able to staunch the flow.
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他們才能夠止住血流。
01:46
I'm put on full life support,
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他們將我放入於生命維持系統,
01:48
and I have a massive stroke,
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而我又嚴重中風,
01:51
and my brain drops into a coma.
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而且我的大腦陷入昏迷。
01:53
Now comas are measured
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現在, 昏迷的測量指數,
01:55
on a scale from 15 down to three.
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其規模從15分至到3分。
01:57
Fifteen is a mild coma. Three is the deepest.
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15分是一種溫和的昏迷。3分是最深層的。
02:00
And if you look, you'll see that there's only one way you can score three.
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如果你看,你會知道只有一個方法可以成為3分。
02:03
It's essentially there's no sign of life
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基本上就是從外表來看
02:05
from outside at all.
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沒有任何生命跡象。
02:07
I spent more than a month in a Glasgow Coma Scale three,
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我花了一個多月處於格拉斯哥昏迷指數表3分的狀態,
02:10
and it is inside that deepest level of coma,
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在這最深層的昏迷裡面,
02:12
on the rim between my life and my death,
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在我的生死在輪輞之間,
02:15
that I'm experiencing the full connection and full consciousness
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我當時體驗了內部層次
02:18
of inner space.
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完整的連接和全意識
02:20
From my family looking in from outside,
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從我的家人從外面看,
02:23
what they're trying to figure out
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他們正在試圖找出
02:25
is a different kind of existential question,
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是另一種的生存問題,
02:28
which is, how far is it going to be possible to bridge
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也就是,從他們能將看得到、處於昏睡狀態的的大腦
02:31
from the comatose potential mind that they're looking at
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到一個真正的大腦之間,
02:34
to an actual mind,
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我們能夠做到多少程度的連結?
02:36
which I define simply
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我簡單地定義它為
02:38
as the functioning of the brain
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當時還在殘存於我頭部裡的
02:40
that is remaining inside my head.
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大腦功能。
02:42
Now to put this into a broader context,
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現在, 從一個更廣泛的角度來看,
02:44
I want you to imagine that you are an eternal alien
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我要你想像你是一個外來的外星人
02:47
watching the Earth from outer space,
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從外太空看地球,
02:49
and your favorite show on intergalactic satellite television
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而你最喜歡的太空電視頻道是
02:52
is the Earth channel,
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是「地球頻道」,
02:54
and your favorite show is the Human Show.
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你最喜歡的是有關人類的節目。
02:57
And the reason I think it would be so interesting to you
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而我之所以認為你會對這個那麼有興趣,
02:59
is because consciousness is so interesting.
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是因為意識自覺是如此的有趣,
03:01
It's so unpredictable
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它是如此變幻莫測,
03:03
and so fragile.
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如此脆弱。
03:05
And this is how we began.
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這就是我們如何開始的。
03:07
We all began in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia.
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我們開始於埃塞俄比亞的阿瓦什河谷中。
03:10
The show began with tremendous special effects,
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節目開始有著巨大的特殊效果,
03:12
because there were catastrophic climate shifts --
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是因為有災難性的氣候變化 --
03:15
which sort of sounds interesting as a parallel to today.
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這聽起來有點有趣,因為這變化與今天可並行對比。
03:18
Because of the Earth tilting on its axis
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由於地球上的傾斜軸
03:20
and those catastrophic climate shifts,
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和那些災難性的氣候變化,
03:23
we had to figure out how to find better food,
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我們必須弄清楚如何找到更好的食物,
03:25
and we had to learn -- there's Lucy; that's how we all began --
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我們必須學習 -- 當時出現露西(南方古猿),這就是我們大家的起源 --
03:28
we had to learn how to crack open animal bones,
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我們必須學會如何破開動物骨骼,
03:31
use tools to do that, to feed on the marrow,
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使用工具來做到以食用其骨髓,
03:33
to grow our brains more.
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來發展我們的大腦。
03:35
So we actually grew our consciousness
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因此,實際上我們對這全球威脅的反應
03:37
in response to this global threat.
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增長了我們的意識知覺。
03:39
Now you also continue to watch
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現在你繼續看著
03:41
as consciousness evolved to the point
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意識知覺發展到這地步,
03:43
that here in India, in Madhya Pradesh,
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這裡在印度,中央邦,
03:46
there's one of the two oldest known pieces of rock art found.
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擁有兩個現今最古老的岩畫之一。
03:50
It's a cupule that took 40 to 50,000 blows with a stone tool to create,
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這是一個用石頭工具、花了40至50,000次打擊打造出來的吸盤,
03:54
and it's the first known expression of art
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而且它是在這個星球上第一個
03:56
on the planet.
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現今已知的表達藝術。
03:58
And the reason it connects us with consciousness today
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而今天它之所以能將我們與意識做連結的原因是
04:00
is that all of us still today,
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直至今日,
04:02
the very first shape we draw as a child
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我們身為一個嬰孩時,繪畫出的第一個形狀
04:05
is a circle.
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仍然是個圓形。
04:07
And then the next thing we do is we put a dot in the center of the circle.
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然後接下來我們就會在圓心中畫一點。
04:10
We create an eye --
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我們創造一隻眼 --
04:12
and the eye that evolves through all of our history.
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而這隻眼經過我們歷史有所進化。
04:14
There's the Egyptian god Horus,
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有埃及神賀拉斯,
04:16
which symbolizes prosperity, wisdom and health.
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祂象徵著繁榮、智慧和健康。
04:19
And that comes down right way to the present
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而且以這種方式傳承至現在
04:22
with the dollar bill in the United States,
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的美元紙鈔,
04:24
which has on it an eye of providence.
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上面有普羅維登斯神的眼睛。
04:27
So watching all of this show from outer space,
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因此,從太空看著這一切,
04:29
you think we get it, we understand
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你覺得我們會明白,
04:31
that the most precious resource on the blue planet
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在這藍星球最寶貴的資源
04:33
is our consciousness.
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是我們的意識知覺。
04:35
Because it's the first thing we draw;
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因為這是我們一開始便繪製的東西,
04:37
we surround ourselves with images of it;
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我們便會將它的圖像環繞着自己,
04:39
it's probably the most common image on the planet.
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它可能是在這個星球上最常見的圖像。
04:41
But we don't. We take our consciousness for granted.
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但我們沒有這樣做。我們把意識知覺性視為理所當然的事。
04:44
While I was producing in Los Angeles, I never thought about it for a second.
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雖然我在洛杉磯製片的時候,我從來沒有花一秒鐘想過它。
04:47
Until it was stripped from me, I never thought about it.
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直到它從我身上被剝奪走之前,我從來沒有想過這個問題。
04:49
And what I've learned since that event
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我從這事件和
04:51
and during my recovery
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我的復原中所學到的是
04:53
is that consciousness is under threat on this planet
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在這個星球上,意識知覺性是受到
04:56
in ways it's never been under threat before.
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以前從來沒有受到的威脅。
04:58
These are just some examples.
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這只是一些例子。
05:00
And the reason I'm so honored to be here
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而我之所以如此榮幸能
05:02
to talk today in India
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在印度這裡演講
05:04
is because India has the sad distinction
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是因為印度在世界裡不幸地是
05:06
of being the head injury capital of the world.
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頭部受傷的首要國都。
05:09
That statistic is so sad.
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統計數字令人傷心。
05:11
There is no more drastic and sudden gap created
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沒有任何事情能比嚴重腦部創傷
05:14
between potential and actual mind
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在實際大腦及潛在大腦之間造成更大的
05:16
than a severe head injury.
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落差。
05:18
Each one can entail up to a decade of rehabilitation,
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每個受傷意味著高達十年的康復時間,
05:21
which means that India, unless something changes,
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除非有所變化,
05:23
is accumulating a need
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否則印度是正在積累需要
05:25
for millennia of rehabilitation.
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幾千年的康復時間。
05:29
What you find in the United States
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在美國每20秒
05:31
is an injury every 20 seconds -- that's one and a half million every year --
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會發生一次受傷 -- 這即是每年150萬次 --
05:34
stroke every 40 seconds,
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每40秒發生一次中風,
05:36
Alzheimer's disease, every 70 seconds somebody succumbs to that.
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每70秒會有人患有阿茲海默病 (老年痴呆症)。
05:39
All of these represent gaps
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這些都代表着潛在大腦
05:41
between potential mind and actual mind.
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和實際大腦之間的落差。
05:45
And here are some of the other categories, if you look at the whole planet.
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如果你看看整個地球, 這裡還有一些其他類別。
05:48
The World Health Organization tells us
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世界衛生組織告訴我們,
05:50
that depression is the number one disease on Earth
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抑鬱症是地球上第一名的殘疾
05:53
in terms of years lived with disability.
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就患有疾病的年歲數而言。
05:56
We find that the number two source of disability
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我們發現從15至44的年齡組別
05:59
is depression in the age group
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排名第二的殘疾來源
06:01
of 15 to 44.
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是抑鬱症。
06:03
Our children are becoming depressed
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我們的孩子現時以驚人的速度
06:05
at an alarming rate.
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變得抑鬱。
06:07
I discovered during my recovery
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在我恢復過程的期間中
06:09
the third leading cause of death amongst teenagers
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我發現青少第三大死亡原因之一
06:11
is suicide.
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是自殺。
06:13
If you look at some of these other items -- concussions.
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如果你看看些其他項目便是腦震盪。
06:15
Half of E.R. admissions from adolescents
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急診室接診的半數青少年
06:17
are for concussions.
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是由於腦震盪。
06:19
If I talk about migraine,
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如果我談談偏頭痛,
06:21
40 percent of the population
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40%的人口
06:23
suffer episodic headaches.
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患有發作性頭痛。
06:25
Fifteen percent suffer migraines
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15%患有的偏頭痛
06:27
that wipe them out for days on end.
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令他們受苦好幾天。
06:29
All of this is leading -- computer addiction,
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這所有一切是會導致對電腦成癮。
06:31
just to cover that: the most frequent thing we do
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說到這點, 我們最常做的事,
06:33
is use digital devices.
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是使用數位設備。
06:35
The average teenager
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每一位青少年平均每個月
06:37
sends 3,300 texts every [month].
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發送3,300則短訊。
06:40
We're talking about a society that is retreating
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我們談論的是當我們可能面臨
06:42
into depression and disassociation
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下一個巨大災難性的氣候變化時,
06:45
when we are potentially confronting
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整個社會正在衰退到
06:47
the next great catastrophic climate shift.
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抑鬱症和人際關係疏離。
06:50
So what you'd be wondering, watching the Human Show,
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那麼你想想,看着人類的節目,
06:52
is are we going to confront and address
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要面對和解決
06:54
the catastrophic climate shift that may be heading our way
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的災難性氣候的轉變,
06:56
by growing our consciousness,
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我們是會發展我們的意識?
06:58
or are we going to continue to retreat?
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還是我們將繼續撤退?
07:00
And that then might lead you
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而這可能導致你
07:02
to watch an episode one day
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會一天看一集
07:04
of Cedars-Sinai medical center
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雪松•西奈醫學中心
07:07
and a consideration of the difference between potential mind and actual mind.
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以及深思潛在大腦和實際大腦之間的差異。
07:10
This is a dense array EEG MRI
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這是MRI跟踪156渠道的信息
07:13
tracking 156 channels of information.
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的一個密集陣腦電圖 。
07:15
It's not my EEG at Cedars;
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這不是我在雪松醫學中心的腦電圖;
07:18
it's your EEG tonight and last night.
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這是你昨晚和今晚的腦電圖。
07:21
It's the what our minds do every night
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這是我們每晚在腦海裡的活動
07:23
to digest the day
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消化白天的一切
07:25
and to prepare to bridge from the potential mind when we're asleep
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和準備從在睡著的潛在大腦
07:27
to the actual mind when we awaken the following morning.
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連接至到當我們第二天早上醒來的實際知覺大腦。
07:30
This is how I was when I returned from the hospital
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這就是我4個月後
07:33
after nearly four months.
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從醫院回來的樣子。
07:35
The horseshoe shape you can see on my skull
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你可以看到在我頭骨的馬蹄形狀
07:37
is where they operated and went inside my brain
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就是他們為了搶救我生命
07:39
to do the surgeries they needed to do to rescue my life.
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需要做的大腦手術的部位。
07:42
But if you look into the eye of consciousness, that single eye you can see,
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但如果你看看意識的眼睛,你可以看到那單一隻眼睛,
07:45
I'm looking down,
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我在向下看,
07:47
but let me tell you how I felt at that point.
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但讓我告訴你我當時的感受。
07:50
I didn't feel empty; I felt everything simultaneously.
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我沒有感到空虛,我在同時感覺到所有一切。
07:52
I felt empty and full, hot and cold,
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我感到空和滿,冷和熱,
07:55
euphoric and depressed
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欣快和鬱悶。
07:57
because the brain is the world's first
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因為大腦是世界上第一個
07:59
fully functional quantum computer;
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全功能的量子電腦,
08:01
it can occupy multiple states at the same time.
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它可以同一時間佔用多個狀態。
08:04
And with all the internal regulators of my brain damaged,
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並由於我的大腦所有內部監管受損,
08:07
I felt everything simultaneously.
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我在同時感覺到一切。
08:10
But let's swivel around and look at me frontally.
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但讓我們旋轉,從正面看我。
08:13
This is now flash-forward to the point in time
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這是當我
08:15
where I've been discharged by the health system.
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已經被從醫療保健系統移除之後的時候。
08:18
Look into those eyes. I'm not able to focus those eyes.
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看看那雙眼睛。我不能集中我那些的眼睛。
08:20
I'm not able to follow a line of text in a book.
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我不能跟着書的一行文字。
08:23
But the system has moved me on
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但系統已將我釋放出來,
08:25
because, as my family started to discover,
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因為,我的家人開始發現,
08:28
there is no long-term concept
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醫療保健系統裡
08:30
in the health care system.
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是沒有「長期」的概念。
08:32
Neurological damage, 10 years of rehab,
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神經損傷,10年的復健歷程,
08:35
requires a long-term perspective.
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需要以一個長期的角度來看待。
08:37
But let's take a look behind my eyes.
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但讓我們一起來從我眼睛的後來來看,
08:39
This is a gamma radiation spec scan
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這是一個伽瑪射線掃描圖片,
08:41
that uses gamma radiation
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使用伽瑪輻射
08:43
to map three-dimensional function within the brain.
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到在大腦功能的三維地圖。
08:46
It requires a laboratory to see it in three dimension,
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要看到三維需要一個實驗室,
08:48
but in two dimensions I think you can see
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但在二維我認為你都可以看到
08:50
the beautiful symmetry and illumination
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一個正常頭腦有著
08:52
of a normal mind at work.
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美麗和發亮的對稱性。
08:54
Here's my brain.
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這是我的大腦。
08:56
That is the consequence of more than a third of the right side of my brain
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這便是我的大腦右側超過三分之一
08:59
being destroyed by the stroke.
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被中風破壞的結果。
09:01
So my family, as we moved forward
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所以我的家人,
09:03
and discovered that the health care system had moved us by,
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在因為我們發現被醫療制度向前推進,
09:06
had to try to find solutions and answers.
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不得不設法尋找解決辦法和答案。
09:08
And during that process -- it took many years --
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而在這個過程 -- 它花了很多年 --
09:11
one of the doctors said that my recovery, my degree of advance,
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一個醫生說我的恢復,尤其是因為頭部受傷的地步,
09:14
since the amount of head injury I'd suffered,
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我進步的程度
09:16
was miraculous.
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是奇蹟。
09:18
And that was when I started to write a book,
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而這時候我正開始寫一本書,
09:20
because I didn't think it was miraculous.
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因為我不認為這是奇蹟。
09:22
I thought there were miraculous elements,
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我當然認為有奇蹟的元素,
09:24
but I also didn't think it was right
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但我也想到在我們的社會
09:26
that one should have to struggle and search for answers
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沒有理由我們為一個大流行的問題
09:28
when this is a pandemic within our society.
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要奮力搜索才能找到答案。
09:31
So from this experience of my recovery,
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因此從我恢復的這個經驗,
09:34
I want to share four particular aspects --
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我想從四個特別層面來分享 --
09:37
I call them the four C's of consciousness --
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我稱它們為意識的四個C --
09:39
that helped me grow my potential mind
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它們幫助我的潛在大腦都每都增長
09:42
back towards the actual mind that I work with every day.
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並發展至我每天用到的實際大腦。
09:45
The first C is cognitive training.
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第一個C是認知訓練。
09:47
Unlike the smashed glass of my car,
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跟那些被砸碎的車子玻璃不同的是,
09:50
plasticity of the brain
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大腦的可塑性
09:52
means that there was always a possibility, with treatment,
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意味著一種治療訓練大腦的可能性,
09:55
to train the brain
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使你總能夠
09:57
so that you can regain and raise your level of awareness and consciousness.
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恢復並提高你意識和自覺性的水平。
10:00
Plasticity means that there was always
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可塑性是指為我們總是可以對理智有
10:02
hope for our reason --
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總有希望 --
10:04
hope for our ability to rebuild that function.
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希望我們能重建該功能。
10:07
Indeed, the mind can redefine itself,
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的確,頭腦本身可以重新定義,
10:09
and this is demonstrated by two specialists called Hagen and Silva
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這早在70年代兩位稱為哈根和席爾瓦的專家
10:12
back in the 1970's.
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已證明了。
10:14
The global perspective
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全球的觀點是
10:16
is that up to 30 percent of children in school
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在學校高達 30%的兒童
10:18
have learning weaknesses
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是有無法自我糾正的
10:20
that are not self-correcting,
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學習能力不足,
10:22
but with appropriate treatment,
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但透過適當的治療,
10:24
they can be screened for and detected and corrected
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便可將他們進行篩選、發現和矯正,
10:27
and avoid their academic failure.
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以避免他們在學業上失敗。
10:29
But what I discovered is it's almost impossible to find anyone
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但我發現的是幾乎找不到任何人
10:32
who provides that treatment or care.
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能提供這治療或護理。
10:34
Here's what my neuropsychologist provided for me
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以下是我的神經心理學家提供給我的資料,
10:36
when I actually found somebody who could apply it.
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假若當我找到有人可以應用它。
10:39
I'm not a doctor, so I'm not going to talk about the various subtests.
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我不是醫生,所以我不會談論各種子測試。
10:42
Let's just talk about full-scale I.Q.
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讓我們只談全面的智商(I.Q.)。
10:44
Full-scale I.Q. is the mental processing --
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全面的智商是精神的處理 --
10:46
how fast you can acquire information,
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你可以如何快速取得資料,
10:48
retain it and retrieve it --
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保留和檢索它 --
10:50
that is essential for success in life today.
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這對於今天生活中的成功是很重要的。
10:53
And you can see here there are three columns.
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而你可以看到在這裡有三欄。
10:55
Untestable -- that's when I'm in my coma.
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不可測試的 -- 這是當我在我昏迷中。
10:58
And then I creep up to the point that I get a score of 79,
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然後我慢慢地恢復到可以得79分的地步,
11:01
which is just below average.
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僅僅是低於平均水平。
11:04
In the health care system, if you touch average, you're done.
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在醫療健保系統中,如果你到達平均,就大功告成了。
11:07
That's when I was discharged from the system.
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那是我離開系統出院時的水平。
11:09
What does average I.Q. really mean?
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平均I.Q.究竟意味著什麼?
11:12
It meant that when I was given two and a half hours
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這即是,當我要用兩個半小時來完成
11:15
to take a test that anyone here
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這裡任何人可在50分鐘內
11:17
would take in 50 minutes,
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完成的測試,
11:19
I might score an F.
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我便可能得到F。
11:22
This is a very, very low level
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這是一個非常,非常低的水平,
11:24
in order to be kicked out of the health care system.
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便可以被醫療系統踢出來。
11:26
Then I underwent cognitive training.
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接著,我接受了認知訓練。
11:28
And let me show you what happened to the right-hand column
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讓我告訴你當我做了一段時間的認知訓練,
11:30
when I did my cognitive training over a period of time.
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右邊欄發生了什麼事情。
11:33
This is not supposed to occur.
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這是不應該發生的。
11:36
I.Q. is supposed to stabilize and solidify
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I.Q.應該是在八歲
11:39
at the age of eight.
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便穩定和固定不變。
11:41
Now the Journal of the National Medical Association
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現在, 全國醫學協會雜誌
11:43
gave my memoir a full clinical review,
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給了我的回憶錄一個完整的臨床審查,
11:45
which is very unusual.
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這是非常罕見的。
11:47
I'm not a doctor. I have no medical background whatsoever.
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我不是醫生。我沒有任何醫學背景。
11:50
But they felt the evidences
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但當他們評審了完整回憶錄後,
11:52
that there was important, valuable information in the book,
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他們評論說, 認為在書中
11:55
and they commented about it when they gave the full peer review to it.
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有着很重要的證據和信息。
11:58
But they asked one question. They said, "Is this repeatable?"
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但他們問了一個問題:「這是否可以被複製?」
12:01
That was a fair question
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這是一個合理的的問題,
12:03
because my memoir was simply how I found solutions that worked for me.
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因為我的回憶錄只是對我如何有用的解決方案。
12:06
The answer is yes, and for the first time,
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答案是可以的,而且這是第一次,
12:08
it's my pleasure to be able to share two examples.
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我很高興能夠分享兩個例子。
12:10
Here's somebody, what they did as they went through cognitive training
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以下的例子是測試候選人在7歲及11歲
12:12
at ages seven and 11.
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經歷的認知培訓。
12:14
And here's another person in, call it, high school and college.
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而這裡是另一人,在高中和大學。
12:17
And this person is particularly interesting.
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而此人是特別有趣的。
12:19
I won't go into the intrascatter that's in the subtests,
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我不會在這裡交待分測驗中的細密數據,
12:21
but they still had a neurologic issue.
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但是他們仍然有神經系統的問題。
12:23
But that person could be identified
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那人可以被認定
12:25
as having a learning disability.
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為有學習障礙。
12:27
And with accommodation, they went on to college
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但他們上了大學, 而且駐住宿舍,
12:29
and had a full life in terms of their opportunities.
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並過著具有豐富機會的生活。
12:32
Second aspect:
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第二方面:
12:34
I still had crushing migraine headaches.
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我仍然有着劇烈的偏頭痛。
12:36
Two elements that worked for me here
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這裡兩個因素我了解到,
12:38
are -- the first is 90 percent, I learned, of head and neck pain
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百分之九十的頭部和頸部疼痛
12:42
is through muscular-skeletal imbalance.
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是由於肌肉與骨骼的不平衡。
12:44
The craniomandibular system is critical to that.
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該頭顱下頜骨系統是至關重要的。
12:48
And when I underwent it and found solutions,
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當我經歷它和發現解決方案,
12:51
this is the interrelationship between the TMJ and the teeth.
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這便是牙齒和顳下頜的關節。
12:54
Up to 30 percent of the population
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高達30%的人口有着
12:56
have a disorder, disease or dysfunction in the jaw
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由於下巴的毛病,疾病或功能障礙,
12:59
that affects the entire body.
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而影響整個身體。
13:01
I was fortunate to find a dentist
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我很幸運找到一個牙醫,
13:03
who applied this entire universe
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他用了你會即將看到的
13:05
of technology you're about to see
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整個宇宙的技術,
13:07
to establish that if he repositioned my jaw,
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來重新把我的下巴定位,
13:09
the headaches pretty much resolved,
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頭痛的麻煩解決了,
13:11
but that then my teeth weren't in the right place.
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但我的牙齒便不在正確的位置。
13:13
He then held my jaw in the right position
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然後,他把我的下巴固定在正確的位置,
13:15
while orthodontically he put my teeth into correct alignment.
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並把我的牙齒矯正到正確的排列。
13:19
So my teeth actually hold my jaw in the correct position.
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所以,我的牙齒居然固定我的下巴在正確的位置。
13:22
This affected my entire body.
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這影響了我整個身體。
13:25
If that sounds like a very, very strange thing to say
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如果這聽起來像一個非常奇怪
13:27
and rather a bold statement --
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和相當大膽的聲明--
13:29
How can the jaw affect the entire body? --
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下顎如何影響整個身體? --
13:31
let me simply point out to you,
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讓我向你簡單地指出,
13:33
if I ask you tomorrow
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如果我叫你明天
13:35
to put one grain of sand between your teeth
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把一粒沙子放在你牙齒之間
13:37
and go for a nice long walk,
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然後去悠閒漫步,
13:39
how far would you last
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你會可以走多遠
13:41
before you had to remove that grain of sand?
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而不得不移除牙齒之間的沙粒?
13:43
That tiny misalignment.
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這微小的偏差。
13:45
Bear in mind, there are no nerves in the teeth.
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請記得,牙齒並沒有神經。
13:47
That's why the same between the before and after that this shows,
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這就是為什麼同樣的之間和前後,
13:50
it's hard to see the difference.
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很難看出差別。
13:52
Now just trying putting a few grains of sand between your teeth
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現在試試把幾粒沙子放在你牙齒之間,
13:54
and see the difference it makes.
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看看你有什麼差別。
13:56
I still had migraine headaches.
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我仍然有偏頭痛。
13:58
The next issue that resolved
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接下來的問題便解決了,
14:00
was that, if 90 percent of head and neck pain
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如果頭部和頸部疼痛90%
14:02
is caused by imbalance,
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是失衡造成的,
14:04
the other 10 percent, largely --
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其他10%便主要是--
14:06
if you set aside aneurysms, brain cancer
349
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若你劃開動脈瘤,腦腫瘤
14:08
and hormonal issues --
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和激素的問題--
14:10
is the circulation.
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便是循環。
14:12
Imagine the blood flowing through your body --
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想像一下,血液流經身體 --
14:14
I was told at UCLA Medical Center --
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有人在加州大學洛杉磯分校醫療中心告訴我 --
14:16
as one sealed system.
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它是一個密封的系統。
14:18
There's a big pipe with the blood flowing through it,
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有一個血液隨着它流過的大管道。
14:20
and around that pipe are the nerves
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而大管道周圍是從血液
14:22
drawing their nutrient supply from the blood.
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從血液裡吸取養分。
14:24
That's basically it.
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基本上就是這樣。
14:26
If you press on a hose pipe in a sealed system,
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如果在密封系統的軟管管道上按着,
14:28
it bulges someplace else.
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別的地方便凸起。
14:30
If that some place else where it bulges
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如果那凸起的地方
14:32
is inside the biggest nerve in your body, your brain,
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是在你的身體裡面最大的神經,你的大腦,
14:35
you get a vascular migraine.
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你便會有血管偏頭痛。
14:37
This is a level of pain that's only known
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這痛苦的程度,
14:39
to other people who suffer vascular migraines.
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只有其他人患血管性偏頭痛會知道。
14:42
Using this technology,
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使用這種技術,
14:44
this is mapping in three dimensions.
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這是在三維空間的映射。
14:46
This is an MRI MRA MRV,
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這是磁力共振成像, 磁力共振血管攝影, MRV,
14:48
a volumetric MRI.
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一個有體積的磁力共振成像。
14:50
Using this technology, the specialists at UCLA Medical Center
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使用這種技術,在加州大學洛杉磯分校醫學中心的專家們
14:53
were able to identify
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能夠找出
14:55
where that compression in the hose pipe was occurring.
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該軟管管道在何處被壓縮。
14:57
A vascular surgeon removed most of the first rib on both sides of my body.
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一名血管外科醫生取出我身體兩側的大部分[不清楚]。
15:01
And in the following months and years,
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而在接下來的幾個月甚至幾年,
15:03
I felt the neurological flow of life itself returning.
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我開始感受到了生活本身的神經重返回來。
15:06
Communication, the next C. This is critical.
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「溝通」是下一個C。這是至關重要的。
15:09
All consciousness is about communication.
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所有的意識是關於溝通。
15:12
And here, by great fortune,
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在這裡,非常幸運,
15:14
one of my father's clients
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我父親的一個的客戶
15:16
had a husband who worked
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有一個丈夫曾在
15:18
at the Alfred Mann Foundation for Scientific Research.
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阿爾弗雷德曼恩基金會的科學研究所工作。
15:21
Alfred Mann is a brilliant physicist and innovator
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阿爾弗雷•德曼恩是一個優異的物理學家和創新家
15:23
who's fascinated with bridging gaps in consciousness,
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著迷於意識與彌合的差距,
15:26
whether to restore hearing to the deaf, vision to the blind
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從恢復失聰的聽力,恢復失明的視力
15:29
or movement to the paralyzed.
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到恢復癱瘓至運動。
15:31
And I'm just going to give you an example today
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而我今天只是想給你舉個
15:33
of movement to the paralyzed.
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從癱瘓至運動的例子。
15:35
I've brought with me, from Southern California,
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我從南加利福尼亞州帶來了,
15:38
the FM device.
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FM設備。
15:40
This is it being held in the hand.
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這是用手拿着。
15:42
It weighs less than a gram.
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它的重量不到一克。
15:44
So two of them implanted in the body would weigh less than a dime.
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因此,兩個植入體內的設備的重量會不到一角錢。
15:47
Five of them would still weigh less
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五個的重量仍會不到
15:49
than a rupee coin.
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一盧比硬幣。
15:51
Where does it go inside the body?
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它在身體哪裡去?
15:53
It has been simulated and tested to endure in the body corrosion-free
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它進行了模擬和測試, 可在體內無腐蝕
15:55
for over 80 years.
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超過80年。
15:57
So it goes in and it stays there.
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因此它進入便留下來。
15:59
Here are the implantation sites.
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這是植入的位置。
16:01
The concept that they're working towards -- and they have working prototypes --
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他們正在努力發展這個概念,-- 他們有試驗性的原型--
16:04
is that we placed it throughout the motor points of the body
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便是我們置它於的整個身體中
16:06
where they're needed.
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需要的的運動關節。
16:08
The main unit will then go inside the brain.
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主要單位將會進入大腦內部。
16:10
An FM device in the cortex of the brain, the motor cortex,
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一個FM裝置在大腦的皮層,運動皮質
16:13
will send signals in real time
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會向相關的肌肉的運動關節
16:15
to the motor points in the relevant muscles
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發出立即的信號,
16:17
so that the person will be able to move their arm, let's say, in real time,
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這樣, 如果他已經失去了自己手臂的控制,
16:20
if they've lost control of their arm.
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他就能在即時候移動手臂。
16:22
And other FM devices implanted in fingertips,
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而其他FM裝置植入指尖,
16:25
on contacting a surface,
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接觸一個表面時,
16:27
will send a message back to the sensory cortex of the brain,
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便會將消息發送回知覺的大腦皮質,
16:30
so that the person feels a sense of touch.
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讓人感覺觸覺。
16:33
Is this science fiction? No,
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這是科幻小說?不是。
16:35
because I'm wearing the first application of this technology.
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因為我正穿着第一個應用這技術的裝置。
16:38
I don't have the ability to control my left foot.
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我沒有控制我左腳的能力。
16:40
A radio device is controlling every step I take,
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一個無線電裝置控制着我每走一的步。
16:43
and a sensor picks up my foot for me
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每次我起步
16:45
every time I walk.
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都是感應器提起我的腳。
16:47
And in closing, I want to share
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最後,我想分享
16:49
the personal reason why this meant so much to me
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這對我那麼重要,
16:51
and changed the direction of my life.
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而且改變我生活的方向的個人理由。
16:53
In my coma, one of the presences I sensed
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在我昏迷中,在我感覺其中一個存在着
16:55
was someone I felt was a protector.
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一個保護者。
16:57
And when I came out of my coma, I recognized my family,
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當我從昏迷中醒來,我認出我的家人,
17:00
but I didn't remember my own past.
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但我不記得自己的過去。
17:03
Gradually, I remembered the protector was my wife.
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漸漸地,我想起了保護者是我的妻子。
17:06
And I whispered the good news
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而我通過被用線關閉着的破顎,
17:08
through my broken jaw, which was wired shut,
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小聲竊竊地告訴夜班護士
17:10
to my night nurse.
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這個好消息。
17:12
And the following morning, my mother came to explain
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而第二天早上,我母親解釋,
17:14
that I'd not always been in this bed, in this room,
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我並不是一直在這個房間、這張這床上,
17:16
that I'd been working in film and television
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我曾經製作電影和電視,
17:18
and that I had been in a crash
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直到事故,
17:20
and that, yes, I was married,
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而且,沒錯,我是已婚的,
17:23
but Marcy had been killed instantly in the crash.
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但馬西在意外當下就死亡了。
17:26
And during my time in coma,
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而在我昏迷期間,
17:28
she had been laid to rest in her hometown of Phoenix.
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她已在她的家鄉鳳凰城安息。
17:32
Now in the dark years that followed, I had to work out what remained for me
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在之後的這些黑暗的幾年中,我不得不思考我還剩下些什麼,
17:35
if everything that made today special was gone.
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因為今天對我一切特別的東西已經是消逝了。
17:38
And as I discovered these threats to consciousness
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而當我發現這些意識的威脅
17:41
and how they are surrounding the world
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以及它們是如何包圍整個世界
17:43
and enveloping the lives of more and more people every day,
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和越來越多人每天的生活,
17:46
I discovered what truly remained.
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我發現了什麼真正依然存在。
17:48
I believe that we can overcome the threats to our consciousness,
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我相信我們能夠克服到對我們意識的威脅,
17:51
that the Human Show can stay on the air
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我們這個人類節目
17:53
for millennia to come.
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可以在未來千年繼續放映。
17:55
I believe that we can all rise and shine.
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我相信,我們都可以排除萬難不斷發光。
17:58
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝你們。
18:00
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
18:06
Lakshmi Pratury: Just stay for a second. Just stay here for a second.
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Lakshmi Pratury:請留步一會,稍等一下。
18:09
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
18:13
You know,
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你知道嗎,
18:16
when I heard Simon's --
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當我聽到西蒙 --
18:20
please sit down; I just want to talk to him for a second --
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請坐下,我只是想和他說一會兒話--
18:23
when I read his book, I went to LA to meet him.
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當我讀了他的書,我去了洛杉磯與他會面。
18:26
And so I was sitting in this restaurant,
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當我正坐在這家餐廳裡,
18:29
waiting for a man to come by
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等待一個人前來,
18:32
who obviously would have some difficulty ...
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我想, 顯然他會有些不便...
18:34
I don't know what I had in my mind.
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我在腦海不知道我會看見是什麼情況。
18:36
And he was walking around.
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而他正在走動。
18:38
I didn't expect that person that I was going to meet
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我沒想到我要見的人
18:40
to be him.
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便是他。
18:42
And then we met and we talked,
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然後我們會面,我們聯天,
18:44
and I'm like, he doesn't look
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而我在想「他不像是
18:46
like somebody who was built out of nothing.
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一個空框框無血無肉的人」。
18:50
And then I was amazed
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然後我很驚訝
18:52
at what role technology played
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科學技術在你身上
18:54
in your recovery.
468
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發揮的恢復作用。
18:56
And we have his book outside
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在外面的書店
18:58
in the bookshop.
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我們有他的書。
19:00
The thing that amazed me
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最令我驚訝的事情
19:02
is the painstaking detail
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是書中那些詳盡的細節,
19:05
with which he has written
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他記下了
19:07
every hospital he has been to,
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去過的每家醫院,
19:09
every treatment he got,
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經歷的每一個療程,
19:11
every near-miss he had,
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每次差一點的結果,
19:14
and how accidentally he stumbled upon innovations.
477
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和他如何偶然發現創新的辦法。
19:18
So I think this one detail
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所以我覺大家可能會
19:23
went past people really quick.
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錯過這一個細節。
19:25
Tell a little bit about what you're wearing on your leg.
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告訴大家一點關於你在腿上穿了什麼。
19:28
Simon Lewis: I knew when I was timing this
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西蒙•劉易斯:我在對演說計時的時候
19:30
that there wouldn't be time for me to do anything about --
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便知道不會有時間讓我談論這個--
19:32
Well this is it. This is the control unit.
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就在於此。這便是控制裝置。
19:35
And this records every single step I've taken
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這個控制記錄了我每一步,
19:37
for, ooh, five or six years now.
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哦,已經五,六年了。
19:39
And if I do this, probably the mic won't hear it.
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如果我這樣做,麥克風是可能將收不到音。
19:44
That little chirp followed by two chirps is now switched on.
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這個小喳喳聲接著再兩個小喳喳聲便是開啟了裝置。
19:47
When I press it again, it'll chirp three times,
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當我再按一次,它會喳喳聲三下,
19:50
and that'll mean that it's armed and ready to go.
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這將意味著它已準備好了,可以使用。
19:54
And that's my friend. I mean, I charge it every night.
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這是我的朋友。我每晚把它充電。
19:57
And it works. It works.
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它很好用,實在很有用。
19:59
And what I would love to add because I didn't have time ...
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因為我沒有時間, 而且我很想補充,
20:02
What does it do? Well actually, I'll show you down here.
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它是做什麼呢?其實,我會在這裡告訴你。
20:05
This down here, if the camera can see that,
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在這裡,如果攝影鏡頭可以帶到的話,
20:08
that is a small antenna.
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這是一個小天線。
20:11
Underneath my heel, there is a sensor
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我腳跟的下面有一個傳感器,
20:14
that detects when my foot leaves the ground --
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它測檢到我的腳離開地面 --
20:16
what's called the heel lift.
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所謂腳跟的抬起。
20:18
This thing blinks all the time; I'll leave it out, so you might be able to see it.
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這東西總是閃爍着,我放它出來,你也許能看到它。
20:21
But this is blinking all the time. It's sending signals in real time.
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這總是閃爍的東西。它發送實時的信號。
20:24
And if you walk faster, if I walk faster,
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如果你走得快,即是如果我走得快,
20:27
it detects what's called the time interval,
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它測檢到所謂的時間間隔,
20:29
which is the interval between each heel lift.
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即是每腳跟抬起的間隔。
20:31
And it accelerates the amount and level of the stimulation.
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它便加速刺激的數量和水平。
20:35
The other things they've worked on -- I didn't have time to say this in my talk --
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他們其他的工作 -- 我沒有時間在這裡談 --
20:38
is they've restored functional hearing
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便是他們已經幫助數千位的失聰人士
20:40
to thousands of deaf people.
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成功恢復聽覺。
20:42
I could tell you the story: this was going to be an abandoned technology,
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我可以告訴你這個故事:這本來是一個被遺棄的技術,
20:45
but Alfred Mann met the doctor who was going to retire,
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但阿爾弗雷德•曼恩會見了將要退休的醫生,
20:47
[Dr. Schindler.]
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[辛德勒博士。]
20:49
And he was going to retire -- all the technology was going to be lost,
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而他將要退休 -- 所有的技術是將會被丟失,
20:52
because not a single medical manufacturer would take it on
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因為沒一個醫學製造商願意將它採取,
20:55
because it was a small issue.
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因為它是一個小問題。
20:57
But there's millions of deaf people in the world,
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但世界上有數百萬的失聰人士,
21:00
and the Cochlear implant has given hearing to thousands of deaf people now.
515
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而現在人工耳蝸給予數千位失聰人士聽覺能力。
21:03
It works.
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它實在有用。
21:05
And the other thing is they're working on artificial retinas for the blind.
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而他們其他的努力正是在開發人工視網膜給予失明人士。
21:08
And this, this is the implantable generation.
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而這個,這個是可植入的科技世代。
21:11
Because what I didn't say in my talk
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因為我在演說並沒有談到的是
21:13
is this is actually exoskeletal.
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這實際上是骨骼外。
21:15
I should clarify that.
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我要澄清。
21:17
Because the first generation is exoskeletal,
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由於第一代是骨骼外置,
21:19
it's wrapped around the leg,
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它纏着腿,
21:21
around the affected limb.
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纏着受影響的肢體周圍。
21:23
I must tell you, they're an amazing --
525
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我必須告訴你,他們是驚人的 --
21:25
there's a hundred people who work in that building --
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在該建築物裡有一百個人在工作--
21:27
engineers, scientists,
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工程師,科學家
21:29
and other team members -- all the time.
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和其他團隊成員 -- 所有的時間在工作。
21:31
Alfred Mann has set up this foundation
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阿爾弗雷德•曼恩建立了這個基金會,
21:34
to advance this research
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以推進這一研究,
21:36
because he saw
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因為他看到,
21:38
there's no way venture capital would come in for something like this.
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沒有一個創投會投資這種研究。
21:41
The audience is too small.
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目標群眾實在太小了。
21:43
You'd think, there's plenty of paralyzed people in the world,
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你會想說,世界上有大量癱瘓的人,
21:45
but the audience is too small,
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但群眾數目太小了,
21:47
and the amount of research, the time it takes,
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而且要大量的研究,所花費的時間,
21:50
the FDA clearances,
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FDA (美國食品藥物監督管理局) 的許可,
21:52
the payback time is too long
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投資回報期實在太長了
21:54
for V.C. to be interested.
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讓創投人士沒有興趣。
21:56
So he saw a need and he stepped in.
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因此,他認為有需要便實行了。
21:58
He's a very, very remarkable man.
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他是一個非常,非常了不起的人。
22:01
He's done a lot of very cutting-edge science.
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他研發了很多非常尖端的科學技術。
22:04
LP: So when you get a chance, spend some time with Simon.
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Lakshmi Pratury:所以當你有機會,請與西蒙談談。
22:06
Thank you. Thank you.
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謝謝。謝謝。
22:08
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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