How women are revolutionizing Rwanda | Agnes Binagwaho

翻译人员: Kiki Pen 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

I came back to my home of Rwanda

在 1994 年卢旺达 图西族大屠杀事件发生两年后，

two years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi.

我回到了我的故乡，卢旺达。

The country was devastated.

整个国家山河破碎，一片狼藉。

The children I was caring for in the hospitals

我在医院里负责看护的孩子们，

were dying from treatable conditions,

都死于可治愈的疾病，

because we didn't have equipment or medicine to save them.

因为我们没有仪器 及药物去拯救他们的生命。

I was tempted to pack my bag and run away.

我曾想收拾行李，一走了之，

But I debated with myself.

但我内心始终是矛盾的。

And because I'm really dedicated to social justice and equity,

因为我很想为社会的 公正平等出一份力，

and there were only five pediatricians in total

并且卢旺达有成千上万的孩子，

for millions of children in Rwanda,

却只有五位儿科医生，

I decided to stay.

我决定留下来。

But among the people who have motivated my decision to stay,

然而在激励我下定决心 留下来的人中，

there were some fantastic women of Rwanda,

有许多了不起的卢旺达女性，

some women who had faced the genocide and survived it.

她们经历了大屠杀并活了下来。

They had to overcome unbelievable pain and suffering.

她们遭遇了难以想象的痛苦和煎熬。

Some of them were raising children conceived through rape.

其中一些人哺育着 被强奸后生下的孩子。

Others were dying slowly with HIV

其他人正被艾滋病侵蚀生命，

and forgave the perpetrators, who voluntarily infected them

却原谅了那些 以艾滋病和强奸为凶器

using HIV and rape as a weapon.

让她们感染疾病的作恶之人。

So, they inspired me.

正是她们激励了我。

If they can do that,

既然她们都能做到，

I can stay and try to do my best.

那我也可以留下来， 尽一些绵薄之力。

Those ladies were really activists

这些女性是真正的

of peace and reconciliation.

和平和睦的积极倡导者。

They show us a way to rebuild a country

她们教会了我们如何重建一个国家，

for our children and grandchildren to have, one day,

让我们的子孙有朝一日

a place they can call home, with pride.

拥有一个他们能 自豪地称之为家的地方。

And you can ask yourself

你可以问问自己，

where this shift of mindset has brought our country.

这种思维方式的转变 让我们国家发展到了哪一步。

Today in Rwanda,

在今天的卢旺达，

we have the highest percentage of women in parliament.

我们拥有最高的女性议员占比。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Wait till I tell you the percentage --

别急，先让我告诉你们 这个比例是多少——

sixty-one percent.

百分之六十一。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Today, we have the best campaign for the vaccination of children

今天，我们有最好的 儿童疫苗接种运动，

with, among our success, 93 percent of our girls vaccinated against HPV --

其中一项成就是， 高达 93% 的女孩接种了 HPV 疫苗——

(Applause)

（掌声）

to protect them against cervical cancer.

以保护她们免受宫颈癌的侵袭。

In this country, it's 54.

在这个国家（美国）， 这个数字是 54%。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

We have reduced child mortality by 75 percent,

我们将儿童死亡率降低了 75%，

maternal mortality by 80 percent.

产妇死亡率降低了 80%。

In early 2000s,

在本世纪初，

there were nine women who were dying every day

每天都有 9 个女性

around delivery and pregnancy.

死于分娩和怀孕。

Today, it's around two.

今天，只有大约两个。

It's an unfinished agenda.

这是一项尚未完成的计划，

We still have a long way to go.

我们还任重道远。

Two is still too much.

两个，还是太多了。

But, do I believe that those results

但是，我是不是认为这是

are because we had a big number of women

因为我们有许多掌权的女性

in power positions?

而带来的结果呢？

I do.

我确实那么认为。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

There is -- yes --

有一项——

(Applause)

（掌声）

有一项发展中国家的研究显示，

there is a study in the developing world

that shows that if you improve the status of women,

如果你提高女性的地位，

you improve the status of the community where they live.

就能提高她们所生活的社区的地位。

Up to 47 percent of decrease in child mortality.

儿童死亡率会降低近 47%。

And even in this country where we are now,

并且即使在我们现在 所在的这个国家，

it's true.

这个结论也同样适用。

There is a study by a lady called Patricia Homan,

一位名叫帕特里夏·霍曼的女士 做了一项研究，

who projected that if women and men

她表示如果女性及男性

were at parity in state legislatures,

在国家立法上有同等地位的话，

there would be a drop of 14.5 percent in child mortality --

儿童死亡率会下降 14.5%——

in America!

就在美国！

So we know that women,

所以我们了解到，

when they use their skills in leadership positions,

当女性在领导者地位中发挥才干时，

they enhance the entire population they are in charge of.

她们会使所管理的 整个民族更加强大。

And imagine what would happen

再试想一下，

if women were at parity with men all over the world.

如果女性和男性在全世界都拥有 同等的地位，会发生什么。

What a huge benefit we could expect.

我们可以从中获得多大的利益啊。

Hmm?

对吧？

Oh, yeah.

没错。

(Applause)

（掌声）

因为总体来说，

Because in general,

we have a different style of leadership:

我们拥有不同的领导风格：

more inclusive,

更包容，

more empathetic,

更有同理心，

more caring for little children.

对孩童更加关爱。

And this makes the difference.

这些差异能够催生改变。

Unfortunately, this ideal doesn't exist in the world,

不幸的是， 世界上不存在这样的理想社会，

and the difference between men and women in leadership positions

男女之间的领导地位差距

is too big.

依然悬殊。

Gender inequity is the norm in the majority of professions,

在多数职业中， 性别不平等已成为常态，

even in global health.

即使是在全球卫生领域中。

I have learned that if we focus on women's education,

我认识到， 如果我们注重女性的教育，

we improve their life positively

我们就能积极地改善她们的生活

as well as the well-being of their community.

和其所在社区的福利。

This is why now I dedicate my life to education.

这就是为什么 我现在投身于教育事业。

And this is totally aligned with my sense of equity

这与我对平等的观念，

and my pursuit of social justice,

及对社会公正的追求完美契合，

because if you want to increase access to health services,

因为如果你想让更多人 能享受健康服务，

you need first to increase access to health education.

你首先需要让更多人 能接受健康教育。

So with friends and partners, we are building a beautiful university

于是，我们和一众朋友、合作伙伴 共同在卢旺达北部的农村

in the rural north of Rwanda.

建造了一所美丽的大学。

We educate our students

我们教育学生

to provide quality, equitable, holistic care

要把高质量，平等全面的医疗

to everyone, leaving no one out,

给予每个个体，不放弃任何人，

focusing on the vulnerable, especially women and children,

重点关注弱势者， 尤其是妇女和儿童，

who are historically the last to be served.

这些群体历来都是最后一个受益的。

We transform them into leaders

我们将他们变成领导者，

and give them managerial skills and advocacy skills

并教授他们管理及号召的技巧，

for them to be smooth changemakers

帮助他们成为自己所处的社会中

in the society where they will be,

游刃有余的改造者，

so that they can build health systems

这样他们就能建立起健康系统，

that allow them to care about the vulnerable where they are.

为当地的弱势群体提供服务。

And it's really transformative.

这是改革性的。

Because currently,

因为目前，

medical education, for example,

比如说，医学教育，

is given in institutions based in cities,

都是在城市的学院里传授的，

focused on quality health services and skills, clinical skills,

注重高质量的 健康服务和临床技巧，

to be given in institutions.

这些课程都是在学院里开展的。

We also focus on quality clinical skills

我们同样注重高质量临床技能，

but with biosocial approach to the condition of patient,

但以生物社会学的方式， 针对病人情况，

for care to be given in communities where the people live,

对人们所在社区给予关爱，

with hospitalization only when necessary.

只在必要时支持住院治疗。

And also,

并且，

after four to seven years of clinical education in cities,

在城市中经过四至七年的 临床学习之后，

young graduates don't want to go back to rural area.

年轻的毕业生并不想 回到农村地区。

So this is why we have built the University of Global Health Equity,

这就是为什么我们依照一项 名为 UGHE 的卫生合伙人的计划，

an initiative of Partners in Health, called UGHE,

在卢旺达北部农村

in the rural north of Rwanda.

设立了全球卫生平等大学。

(Applause)

（掌声)

Our students

我们的学生

are meant to go and change the world.

旨在改变世界。

They will come from all over -- it's a global university --

他们将会来自五湖四海—— 这是一所国际性学院——

and will get the medical education for free

并能免费接受医学教育，

at one condition:

只有一个条件：

they have to serve the vulnerable across the world

他们要为世界上的弱势群体服务

during six to nine years.

六至九年的时间。

They will keep the salary for themselves and their families

他们的工资可以留给自己和家人，

but turn the education we give in quality clinical services,

但要将我们给予的教育 变成高质量的临床服务治疗，

especially for the vulnerable.

尤其针对弱势群体。

And doing so,

具体来说，

they sign an agreement at the start that they will do that,

他们在入学前会签一张合同， 保证他们会如约履行任务，

a binding agreement.

这是一项约束协议。

We don't want money.

我们不想要钱。

We have to go and mobilize the money.

我们需要去动用那些资金。

But they will turn this in quality service delivery for all.

但它们会变为所有民众 都能享受的高质量服务。

For this, of course,

为了实现这一目标，

we need a strong gender equity agenda.

我们当然还需要一个 强有力的性别平等议程。

And in all our classes, master's course,

在我们所有的 班级和硕士课程中，

minimum of 50 percent of women.

需要有至少 50% 的女性。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And I'm proud to say

并且我很自豪地说，

that for the medical school that started five months ago,

在五个月前开始运营的医学院中，

we have enrolled 70 percent girls.

我们已经招募了 70% 的女孩。

(Applause)

（掌声）

This is a statement against the current inequity

这是反对当今的不平等现象，

for women to access medical education in our continent.

对我们土地上的女性 无法接受平等医学教育的宣战。

I believe in women's education.

我相信女性教育。

This is why I applaud African ladies who go all over the world

因此我赞赏那些周游世界

to increase their education, their skills and their knowledge.

提高自身教育水平， 增长技能和知识的非洲女性。

But I hope they will bring that back to Africa

但我希望她们能把所学带回非洲，

to build the continent

建设我们的土地，

and make the continent a strong continent,

让这片陆地更加强大，

because I'm sure

因为我确信，

a stronger Africa will make the world stronger.

一个更强大的非洲会让世界更强大。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Twenty-three years ago,

23 年前，

I went back to Rwanda,

我回到卢旺达，

to a broken Rwanda,

那个支离破碎的卢旺达，

that now is still a poor country

虽然它现在仍是一个贫穷的国家，

but shining with a bright future.

但却拥有美好的未来。

And I am full of joy to have come back,

我很高兴能回去，

even if some days were very difficult,

即使有过艰难的日子，

and even if some days I was depressed, because I didn't find a solution

即使有时我十分抑郁， 因为我没有找到解决问题的办法，

and people were dying,

人们在死去，

or things were not moving enough.

或事情发展得不够好。

But I'm so proud to have contributed to improve my community.

但我对自己为社区进步 做了贡献感到骄傲。

And this makes me full of joy.

这件事使我满心欢喜。

So, African women from the diaspora,

所以，身居他乡的非洲女性们，

if you hear me,

如果你听到了我的话，

never forget your homeland.

永远不要忘记你的故乡。

And when you are ready, come back home.

当你准备好时，就回家吧。

I did so.

我这么做了，

It has fulfilled my life.

我的人生变得更加充实。

So, come back home.

所以，回家吧。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）