How women are revolutionizing Rwanda | Agnes Binagwaho

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Zoe Chang

I came back to my home of Rwanda

1994 年圖西族遭大屠殺的兩年後， 我回到盧安達的老家。

two years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi.

The country was devastated.

飽受摧殘的盧安達，百廢待興。

The children I was caring for in the hospitals

醫院裡我所照顧的孩子， 死於可治療的疾病，

were dying from treatable conditions,

because we didn't have equipment or medicine to save them.

只因我們缺乏所需的設備及藥物。

I was tempted to pack my bag and run away.

當時很想打包行李一走了之。

But I debated with myself.

但我內心在交戰。

And because I'm really dedicated to social justice and equity,

一方面是我衷心想致力於 社會的公正平等，

and there were only five pediatricians in total

另一方面，盧安達有數百萬名兒童， 卻只有五位小兒科醫生，

for millions of children in Rwanda,

I decided to stay.

最終我決定留下。

But among the people who have motivated my decision to stay,

在那些鼓勵我留下的人當中，

there were some fantastic women of Rwanda,

有一些很了不起的盧安達女性，

some women who had faced the genocide and survived it.

她們經歷了大屠殺，活了下來。

They had to overcome unbelievable pain and suffering.

她們克服了難以想像的痛苦和折磨。

Some of them were raising children conceived through rape.

其中一些人甚至得扶養 被強暴後生下的孩子。

Others were dying slowly with HIV

也有些因為感染愛滋病 而籠罩在死亡陰影下，

and forgave the perpetrators, who voluntarily infected them

卻選擇原諒那些將愛滋病 傳染給她們的強暴者，

using HIV and rape as a weapon.

So, they inspired me.

是她們鼓舞了我。

If they can do that,

若她們可以做到，那我也應該 留下來盡我的一份力量。

I can stay and try to do my best.

Those ladies were really activists

這些女性是真正的 和平和解的實踐者。

of peace and reconciliation.

They show us a way to rebuild a country

讓我們看見如何重建我們的國家，

for our children and grandchildren to have, one day,

讓我們的子孫有朝一日， 能以自己的國家為傲。

a place they can call home, with pride.

And you can ask yourself

各位一定想問，

where this shift of mindset has brought our country.

這個心態上的轉變能帶給 我們的國家甚麼樣的影響。

Today in Rwanda,

今天的盧安達，

we have the highest percentage of women in parliament.

國會的女性比例是全球最高的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Wait till I tell you the percentage --

等我說完比例再拍手不遲──

sixty-one percent.

61%。

(Applause)

（掌聲與歡呼聲）

Today, we have the best campaign for the vaccination of children

今天，我們也有最好的 兒童疫苗接種成果，

with, among our success, 93 percent of our girls vaccinated against HPV --

其中包括──

93% 的女孩都接種了 HPV 疫苗──

(Applause)

（掌聲）

to protect them against cervical cancer.

保護她們不受子宮頸癌威脅。

In this country, it's 54.

在美國，只有 54%。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

We have reduced child mortality by 75 percent,

我們同時也讓兒童死亡率 降低了 75%，

maternal mortality by 80 percent.

孕婦死亡率也降低了 80%。

In early 2000s,

在 2000 年初期，

there were nine women who were dying every day

平均每天有九名女性 因生產和懷孕而死。

around delivery and pregnancy.

Today, it's around two.

現在已經降到一天兩名左右。

It's an unfinished agenda.

目標尚未達成， 我們還有很長的路要走。

We still have a long way to go.

Two is still too much.

一天兩名仍然太多了。

But, do I believe that those results

不過我相信，

這一切的進展，

are because we had a big number of women

要歸功於有許多 重要職務是由女性擔當，

in power positions?

I do.

毫無疑問。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

There is -- yes --

有……是的…… （掌聲）

(Applause)

there is a study in the developing world

有一項開發中國家的研究指出：

that shows that if you improve the status of women,

只要改善女性的地位，

you improve the status of the community where they live.

就能改善她們所處之社群的生活。

Up to 47 percent of decrease in child mortality.

兒童死亡率可降低 47%。

And even in this country where we are now,

這理論放在我們現在所在的 國家（美國），亦是如此。

it's true.

There is a study by a lady called Patricia Homan,

派翠夏·霍曼女士做了一項研究，

who projected that if women and men

她說，如果各州的立法機關 男女勢均力敵，

were at parity in state legislatures,

there would be a drop of 14.5 percent in child mortality --

兒童死亡率可望下降 14.5%──

in America!

在美國喔！

So we know that women,

因此可以得知，當女性 得以發揮技能在領導職務上時，

when they use their skills in leadership positions,

they enhance the entire population they are in charge of.

能讓所有她們負責照管的人過得更好。

And imagine what would happen

想像一下，

if women were at parity with men all over the world.

如果全世界的男女 都平起平坐，那會怎樣？

What a huge benefit we could expect.

不知可以造福多少人。

Hmm?

對嗎？

Oh, yeah.

喔，一定的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Because in general,

因為一般來說，

we have a different style of leadership:

我們的領導風格不同：

more inclusive,

比較包容、比較有同理心、

more empathetic,

more caring for little children.

比較關心兒童福祉。

And this makes the difference.

差異因此而來。

Unfortunately, this ideal doesn't exist in the world,

可惜，

這個理想化的世界並不存在，

and the difference between men and women in leadership positions

且男女在領導職務上的差異也太大了。

is too big.

Gender inequity is the norm in the majority of professions,

性別不平等在大部分的職業中是常態，

even in global health.

即使是全球保健的領域。

I have learned that if we focus on women's education,

我學到的是，如果我們 把焦點放在女性教育上，

we improve their life positively

我們就能改善她們的生活，

as well as the well-being of their community.

同時也提升她們所屬的社群。

This is why now I dedicate my life to education.

這就是為什麼 我現在全力投入教育。

And this is totally aligned with my sense of equity

這完全符合我追求平權 及社會正義的理念，

and my pursuit of social justice,

because if you want to increase access to health services,

因為，要做到保健服務的普及化，

you need first to increase access to health education.

必得先提高醫學教育的普及度。

So with friends and partners, we are building a beautiful university

所以，我和朋友及夥伴 合作建了一所美麗的大學，

in the rural north of Rwanda.

位在盧安達北部鄉村地區。

We educate our students

學校教育的宗旨是：

to provide quality, equitable, holistic care

提供有品質、公平、完整的照護，

to everyone, leaving no one out,

給所有人，不能漏掉任何人，

focusing on the vulnerable, especially women and children,

著重在弱勢， 特別是女性和孩童──

who are historically the last to be served.

過去他們往往是最不受重視的一群。

We transform them into leaders

我們希望把學生們教育成領袖，

and give them managerial skills and advocacy skills

帶著所學到的管理 和宣導技巧進入社會，

for them to be smooth changemakers

平穩順暢地促進社會變革，

in the society where they will be,

so that they can build health systems

如此，他們才能建立一套 照顧弱勢的健康體制，

that allow them to care about the vulnerable where they are.

無論身在何處。

And it's really transformative.

只有這樣才真的能有所改變。

Because currently,

因為，目前，

medical education, for example,

以醫學教育為例，

is given in institutions based in cities,

只有在大城市才有，

focused on quality health services and skills, clinical skills,

著重在保健服務品質

和技術，臨床方面的技術，

to be given in institutions.

而這些都是限制在 大城市的學校、醫院。

We also focus on quality clinical skills

我們學校也注重臨床技術的品質，

but with biosocial approach to the condition of patient,

可是針對病人的狀況 多了一個生物社會的策略，

for care to be given in communities where the people live,

只要有人的地方就有健康照護，

with hospitalization only when necessary.

除非必要，否則無須住院。

And also,

另一個問題是，

after four to seven years of clinical education in cities,

在城市讀過 四到七年的醫學院後，

young graduates don't want to go back to rural area.

年輕的畢業生不太想回去鄉下。

So this is why we have built the University of Global Health Equity,

這就是為什麼我們選擇將

倡議醫療資源平等的 「UGHE 全球平等醫衛大學」，

an initiative of Partners in Health, called UGHE,

in the rural north of Rwanda.

建在盧安達北部鄉村地區。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Our students

我們的學生的使命是改變世界。

are meant to go and change the world.

They will come from all over -- it's a global university --

這是一所全球性的大學── 學生來自世界各地──

and will get the medical education for free

我們提供免費的醫學教育，

at one condition:

只有一個前提：

they have to serve the vulnerable across the world

學生畢業後得為世界各地的弱勢族群 服務六到九年的時間。

during six to nine years.

They will keep the salary for themselves and their families

薪水完全歸他們和他們的家人，

but turn the education we give in quality clinical services,

但得運用他們的醫學訓練 提供有品質的臨床服務，

especially for the vulnerable.

尤其是弱勢族群。

And doing so,

我們的做法是，

they sign an agreement at the start that they will do that,

學生在入學時得先簽約， 保證會答應做到，

a binding agreement.

這是有約束力的合約。

We don't want money.

我們不收學費，

We have to go and mobilize the money.

而是讓錢流通、動起來。

But they will turn this in quality service delivery for all.

學生畢業後再將之轉變成 有品質的服務，提供給所有人。

For this, of course,

當然，要做到這一點，

we need a strong gender equity agenda.

我們就需要致力於性別平等。

And in all our classes, master's course,

因此，我們所有的碩士課程

minimum of 50 percent of women.

都至少有 50% 的女性。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And I'm proud to say

我可以很驕傲地說，

that for the medical school that started five months ago,

我們五個月前幕的醫學院，

we have enrolled 70 percent girls.

已經招到了 70% 的女學生。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

This is a statement against the current inequity

這是我們針對當前的非洲大陸

女性在醫學教育上遭受不平等待遇──

for women to access medical education in our continent.

所做出的回應。

I believe in women's education.

我堅信女性教育。

This is why I applaud African ladies who go all over the world

這就是為什麼我支持 非洲女性到世界各地

to increase their education, their skills and their knowledge.

去加強她們的教育、技能和知識。

But I hope they will bring that back to Africa

但，我希望她們將所學帶回非洲，

to build the continent

用來建設一個強大的非洲大陸，

and make the continent a strong continent,

because I'm sure

因為我敢說，

a stronger Africa will make the world stronger.

只要非洲強盛，世界就會更強盛。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Twenty-three years ago,

23 年前，

I went back to Rwanda,

我回到盧安達，

to a broken Rwanda,

當時破落的盧安達，

that now is still a poor country

現在雖然仍然貧窮，

but shining with a bright future.

卻已經開始閃爍一個光明的未來。

And I am full of joy to have come back,

我很高興我回來了，

even if some days were very difficult,

即使曾經艱難困苦，

and even if some days I was depressed, because I didn't find a solution

即使有時沮喪難當，

因為對人們的死傷束手無策，

and people were dying,

or things were not moving enough.

或者改革速度緩不濟急。

But I'm so proud to have contributed to improve my community.

但我很驕傲能貢獻一己之力，

And this makes me full of joy.

這讓我滿心喜悅。

So, African women from the diaspora,

所以，身在異鄉的非洲女性們，

if you hear me,

如果你們聽得到，

never forget your homeland.

千萬不要忘記你們的家鄉。

And when you are ready, come back home.

時間到了，就回來吧。

I did so.

我回來了。

It has fulfilled my life.

我的人生因此而圓滿。

So, come back home.

所以，回家吧。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）