Why tech needs the humanities | Eric Berridge

154,214 views ・ 2018-05-22

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: David Tang 校对人员: Yanyan Hong
00:12
You've all been in a bar, right?
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大家都去过酒吧,对吧?
00:14
(Laughter)
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(笑)
00:16
But have you ever gone to a bar
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但你们有没有去了酒吧,
00:19
and come out with a $200 million business?
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然后带着两亿美金的生意出来了?
00:24
That's what happened to us about 10 years ago.
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这就是十年前, 发生在我们身上的故事。
00:27
We'd had a terrible day.
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那天我们过得特别糟糕,
00:30
We had this huge client that was killing us.
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有个极其难搞的大客户。
00:34
We're a software consulting firm,
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我们是个软件咨询公司,
00:36
and we couldn't find a very specific programming skill
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却找不到一个具体的编程技术
00:39
to help this client deploy a cutting-edge cloud system.
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来帮这位客户配置 一款新研发的云系统。
00:43
We have a bunch of engineers,
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我们有一大帮工程师,
00:45
but none of them could please this client.
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但谁都没办法让客户满意。
00:49
And we were about to be fired.
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我们眼看就要被解雇了,
00:51
So we go out to the bar,
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于是就去了趟酒吧,
00:54
and we're hanging out with our bartender friend Jeff,
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和酒保朋友杰夫闲聊,
00:58
and he's doing what all good bartenders do:
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他挺有职业操守:
01:00
he's commiserating with us, making us feel better,
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一直在宽慰我们, 想让我们心里好受些,
01:03
relating to our pain,
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针对我们的烦恼,
01:05
saying, "Hey, these guys are overblowing it.
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他说: “哎呀,这几位想得太多了,
01:07
Don't worry about it."
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别那么担心。”
01:08
And finally, he deadpans us and says,
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最后,他轻描淡写地说:
01:11
"Why don't you send me in there?
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“你要不让我试试?
01:13
I can figure it out."
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我能解决”。
01:15
So the next morning, we're hanging out in our team meeting,
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第二天早上,我们团队开了个会,
01:19
and we're all a little hazy ...
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大家还都晕乎乎的......
01:22
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:24
and I half-jokingly throw it out there.
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然后我半开玩笑地说,
01:26
I say, "Hey, I mean, we're about to be fired."
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“反正我们都要被炒鱿鱼了,”
01:29
So I say,
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我就说,
01:30
"Why don't we send in Jeff, the bartender?"
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“那要不就把杰夫, 那调酒师请进来吧。”
01:32
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:35
And there's some silence, some quizzical looks.
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会议室出现了令人尴尬的沉默, 也有些人一脸茫然。
01:39
Finally, my chief of staff says, "That is a great idea."
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终于,我们的人事主管说, “这真是个好主意。
01:43
(Laughter)
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(笑)
01:45
"Jeff is wicked smart. He's brilliant.
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杰夫特机灵,他棒极了,
01:48
He'll figure it out.
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他会想出法子的,
01:50
Let's send him in there."
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请他来试试吧。"
01:52
Now, Jeff was not a programmer.
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不过话说,杰夫可不是个程序员。
01:54
In fact, he had dropped out of Penn as a philosophy major.
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事实上,他从宾州大学 辍学时主修的是哲学。
01:59
But he was brilliant,
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不过他的确很有卓见,
02:01
and he could go deep on topics,
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可以聊一些非常深的话题,
02:04
and we were about to be fired.
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更何况我们都要被解雇了。
02:06
So we sent him in.
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于是我们就把他请进来了。
02:09
After a couple days of suspense,
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过了让人提心吊胆的几天,
02:11
Jeff was still there.
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杰夫依然在我们的团队里,
02:15
They hadn't sent him home.
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对方竟然没让他走。
02:17
I couldn't believe it.
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我完全不敢相信。
02:19
What was he doing?
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他在干什么?
02:21
Here's what I learned.
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我了解到的是:
02:23
He had completely disarmed their fixation on the programming skill.
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他完全消除了客户 对编程技术的关注点,
02:29
And he had changed the conversation,
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并且转移了话题,
02:31
even changing what we were building.
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甚至改变了我们的产品目标。
02:33
The conversation was now about what we were going to build and why.
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现在的话题成了—— “我们要做什么,以及为什么这样做”。
02:41
And yes, Jeff figured out how to program the solution,
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是的,杰夫找到了解决方案,
02:46
and the client became one of our best references.
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并且这位客户也成了 我们后来最佳的参考案例之一。
02:50
Back then, we were 200 people,
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那个时候,我们团队一共有两百人,
02:52
and half of our company was made up of computer science majors or engineers,
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公司一半的员工都是计算机 背景的毕业生或工程师,
02:59
but our experience with Jeff left us wondering:
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但自从有了和杰夫的 那次经历,我们就在想:
03:02
Could we repeat this through our business?
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“我们能在商业上 重复这样的模式吗?”
03:06
So we changed the way we recruited and trained.
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于是我们改变了 以前的招聘和培训方法。
03:11
And while we still sought after computer engineers and computer science majors,
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虽然我们依然需要 计算机科学的专业人员和工程师,
03:17
we sprinkled in artists, musicians, writers ...
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我们还加进了一些 艺术家,音乐家,作家......
03:24
and Jeff's story started to multiply itself throughout our company.
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杰夫的故事也在我们公司里传开了。
03:29
Our chief technology officer is an English major,
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我们的首席技术官是英语专业的,
03:34
and he was a bike messenger in Manhattan.
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他在曼哈顿的时候 还当过自行车送货员。
03:38
And today, we're a thousand people,
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如今,我们一共有一千人,
03:41
yet still less than a hundred have degrees in computer science or engineering.
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然而只有不到一百个人 有计算机方面的专业背景,
03:48
And yes, we're still a computer consulting firm.
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但我们依然是一个计算机咨询公司。
03:52
We're the number one player in our market.
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我们是市场里的领头企业。
我们的软件产品业务飞速发展,
03:54
We work with the fastest-growing software package
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03:56
to ever reach 10 billion dollars in annual sales.
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年销售额达到了100亿美元。
04:01
So it's working.
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新模式效果显著。
04:05
Meanwhile, the push for STEM-based education in this country --
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同时,我国对理工科背景的教育——
04:11
science, technology, engineering, mathematics --
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科学、技术、工程、数学——
04:14
is fierce.
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非常重视,也在极力推广。
04:15
It's in all of our faces.
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现状就摆在我们面前。
04:18
And this is a colossal mistake.
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然而这是个巨大的错误。
04:21
Since 2009, STEM majors in the United States
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自2009年起,在美国, 具有理工科背景的人数
04:25
have increased by 43 percent,
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增长了43%,
04:28
while the humanities have stayed flat.
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然而人文领域却几乎停滞不前。
04:30
Our past president
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我们的前任总统,
04:33
dedicated over a billion dollars towards STEM education
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从其他项目中抽出资金,
04:36
at the expense of other subjects,
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向理工科领域投了十亿美金。
04:39
and our current president
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而我们的现任总统,
04:42
recently redirected 200 million dollars of Department of Education funding
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最近从教育部门 调了两亿美金的资金,
04:47
into computer science.
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投入计算机科学领域。
04:49
And CEOs are continually complaining about an engineering-starved workforce.
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许多公司的大佬们不停地抱怨 劳动市场急缺工科背景的劳动力。
04:57
These campaigns,
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这些动作
05:00
coupled with the undeniable success of the tech economy --
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都与科技界不可否认的经济成果有关。
05:04
I mean, let's face it,
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我们得面对现实,
05:05
seven out of the 10 most valuable companies in the world by market cap
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全球十强的企业中,有七个都是
05:10
are technology firms --
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科技企业——
05:13
these things create an assumption
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这一件件的事导致了一种假想:
05:16
that the path of our future workforce will be dominated by STEM.
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我们未来的劳动人口 将被理工科所占领。
05:24
I get it.
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我懂,
05:26
On paper, it makes sense.
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在字面上的确是这么一回事,
05:29
It's tempting.
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这很有诱惑力。
05:33
But it's totally overblown.
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但一切都是被夸大的。
05:35
It's like, the entire soccer team chases the ball into the corner,
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就好比,一整个球队的人 都挤到一个角落,
05:41
because that's where the ball is.
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仅仅因为球被踢到了那儿。
05:44
We shouldn't overvalue STEM.
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我们不该高估理工科。
05:48
We shouldn't value the sciences any more than we value the humanities.
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我们不该认为科技高于人文。
05:52
And there are a couple of reasons.
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原因如下:
05:55
Number one, today's technologies are incredibly intuitive.
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第一,现今的科技都十分直接明了。
06:01
The reason we've been able to recruit from all disciplines
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我们能从各个领域都招募到员工
06:05
and swivel into specialized skills
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并且转向特殊技能的原因,
06:08
is because modern systems can be manipulated without writing code.
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就是当下的系统可以 在不需要编程的情况下搭建起来。
06:13
They're like LEGO: easy to put together, easy to learn, even easy to program,
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他们就像积木:易搭、易学,
甚至在如今大量的知识已经 触手可及的情况下,编程也更容易了。
06:19
given the vast amounts of information that are available for learning.
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06:23
Yes, our workforce needs specialized skill,
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没错,我们的劳动人口 是需要专门的技术,
06:27
but that skill requires a far less rigorous and formalized education
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但是这样的技术不再需要以往那样
严格且形式化的教育。
06:32
than it did in the past.
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06:34
Number two, the skills that are imperative and differentiated
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第二,那些在科技世界里被迫切需要
06:40
in a world with intuitive technology
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和细分过的技术,
06:43
are the skills that help us to work together as humans,
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其实是帮助人类团结合作的技术。
06:49
where the hard work is envisioning the end product
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辛苦的劳作可以 映射出最后的产品
06:54
and its usefulness,
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以及它的实用性,
06:55
which requires real-world experience and judgment and historical context.
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然而这些都需要真实世界的经验、 判断力以及历史基础。
07:03
What Jeff's story taught us
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杰夫的故事告诉我们的是:
07:05
is that the customer was focused on the wrong thing.
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客户们把关注点放错了地方。
07:10
It's the classic case:
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这是非常经典的情况:
07:12
the technologist struggling to communicate with the business and the end user,
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科技人员与客户 和公司之间沟通的障碍,
07:16
and the business failing to articulate their needs.
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导致公司无法满足 客户需求,最终走向倒闭。
07:22
I see it every day.
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我每天都看着这种事情发生。
07:25
We are scratching the surface
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我们在人际沟通和
07:27
in our ability as humans to communicate and invent together,
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协作创新方面的能力, 还停留在肤浅的表面。
07:32
and while the sciences teach us how to build things,
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即使自然科学教会了 我们如何创造事物,
07:36
it's the humanities that teach us what to build and why to build them.
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却是人文告诉了我们要创造什么, 以及为什么而创造。
07:43
And they're equally as important,
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这两个领域缺一不可,
07:46
and they're just as hard.
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但却很难彼此融合。
07:50
It irks me ...
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我对此很担忧——
07:54
when I hear people treat the humanities as a lesser path,
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特别是当一些人 把人文当做一条门槛较低,
08:00
as the easier path.
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较简单的道路。
08:01
Come on!
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清醒点儿吧!
08:04
The humanities give us the context of our world.
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人文让我们能够了解 这个世界的来龙去脉,
08:10
They teach us how to think critically.
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给予了我们做批判性思考的能力。
08:14
They are purposely unstructured,
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它是无意构造出来的,
08:16
while the sciences are purposely structured.
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然而自然科学是有意构造出来的。
08:19
They teach us to persuade, they give us our language,
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它给予了我们说服别人的能力, 以及我们的语言工具,
08:23
which we use to convert our emotions to thought and action.
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来帮我们把情绪转换成思想和行动。
08:32
And they need to be on equal footing with the sciences.
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它必须和自然科学一样被同等对待。
08:36
And yes, you can hire a bunch of artists
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没错,你可以招聘一大帮艺术家,
08:40
and build a tech company
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来创立一家科技企业,
08:43
and have an incredible outcome.
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然后日进斗金。
08:46
Now, I'm not here today to tell you that STEM's bad.
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当然,我并不是来这儿 告诉你理工科弊大于利,
08:52
I'm not here today to tell you that girls shouldn't code.
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也不是来宣传女孩子 不应该学编程的。
08:57
(Laughter)
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(笑)
08:58
Please.
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千万别误会。
09:00
And that next bridge I drive over
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我开车要经过的下一个高架桥,
09:02
or that next elevator we all jump into --
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或是要踏入的下一个电梯——
09:07
let's make sure there's an engineer behind it.
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我们一定要确保背后 是有个工程师在负责的。
09:09
(Laughter)
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(笑)
09:14
But to fall into this paranoia
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但陷入这样一种执念,
09:17
that our future jobs will be dominated by STEM,
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即相信未来的工作 将被理工科劳动力所代替,
09:22
that's just folly.
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是十分愚蠢的。
09:24
If you have friends or kids or relatives or grandchildren
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如果你有朋友、孩子、亲戚、孙辈、
09:28
or nieces or nephews ...
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或者侄子、侄女......
09:30
encourage them to be whatever they want to be.
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请鼓励他们追寻 他们想要的未来。
09:34
(Applause)
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(掌声)
09:41
The jobs will be there.
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工作总会有的。
09:45
Those tech CEOs
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那些争着吵着要招
09:48
that are clamoring for STEM grads,
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理工科毕业生的科技老总们,
09:51
you know what they're hiring for?
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你知道他们招聘员工来做什么工作?
09:54
Google, Apple, Facebook.
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谷歌、苹果、脸书,
09:57
Sixty-five percent of their open job opportunities
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这些公司 65% 的工作岗位,
10:01
are non-technical:
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都是非技术类的:
10:03
marketers, designers, project managers, program managers,
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市场营销、产品设计、 项目管理、方案管理、
10:08
product managers, lawyers, HR specialists,
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产品管理,公司律师,人力资源、
10:12
trainers, coaches, sellers, buyers, on and on.
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培训师、教练、销售、买家等等。
10:15
These are the jobs they're hiring for.
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这些才是他们大肆招聘的职位。
10:20
And if there's one thing that our future workforce needs --
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如果未来的劳动人口 需要一样东西——
10:26
and I think we can all agree on this --
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一样大家都能认可的东西——
10:29
it's diversity.
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那就是多样性。
10:31
But that diversity shouldn't end with gender or race.
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但多样性并不该止步于性别和种族。
10:35
We need a diversity of backgrounds
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我们需要多样的背景
10:39
and skills,
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和技术,
10:42
with introverts and extroverts
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3738
包括内向和外向的人,
10:45
and leaders and followers.
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2953
追随者和领导者。
10:48
That is our future workforce.
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这才是我们未来的劳动力构成。
10:51
And the fact that the technology is getting easier and more accessible
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科技变得越来越简单、 越来越容易获得这一事实,
10:57
frees that workforce up
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让职业选择也变得更加自由,
10:59
to study whatever they damn well please.
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你可以爱干什么就干什么。
11:03
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:04
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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