Why tech needs the humanities | Eric Berridge

153,680 views ・ 2018-05-22

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yanyan Hong
00:12
You've all been in a bar, right?
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你們都曾經去過酒吧,對嗎?
00:14
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:16
But have you ever gone to a bar
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但,你們是否去過一個酒吧,
00:19
and come out with a $200 million business?
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帶著兩億美元的生意出來?
00:24
That's what happened to us about 10 years ago.
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那就是大約十年前我們遇到的事。
00:27
We'd had a terrible day.
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我們那天過得很糟。
00:30
We had this huge client that was killing us.
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我們有個要命的超級大客戶。
00:34
We're a software consulting firm,
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我們是家軟體顧問公司,
00:36
and we couldn't find a very specific programming skill
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我們找不到一項很特殊的程式技巧
00:39
to help this client deploy a cutting-edge cloud system.
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來協助這客戶部署先進雲端系統。
00:43
We have a bunch of engineers,
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我們有一票工程師,
00:45
but none of them could please this client.
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但沒有一個能夠讓這位客戶滿意。
00:49
And we were about to be fired.
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我們差不多就要被開除了。
00:51
So we go out to the bar,
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所以我們去了一間酒吧,
00:54
and we're hanging out with our bartender friend Jeff,
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我們和我們的酒保朋友 傑夫在那裡打發時間,
00:58
and he's doing what all good bartenders do:
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他做的是所有好酒保都會做的事:
01:00
he's commiserating with us, making us feel better,
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他同情我們,讓我們感覺好些,
01:03
relating to our pain,
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同理我們的痛苦,
01:05
saying, "Hey, these guys are overblowing it.
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他說:「嘿,這些傢伙誇大其詞。
01:07
Don't worry about it."
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別太擔心。」
01:08
And finally, he deadpans us and says,
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最後,他面無表情地對我們說:
01:11
"Why don't you send me in there?
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「為什麼你們不派我去那裡?
01:13
I can figure it out."
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我可以想出辦法。」
01:15
So the next morning, we're hanging out in our team meeting,
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所以,隔天早上,我們 就在團隊會議上消磨時間,
01:19
and we're all a little hazy ...
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我們都還有一點朦朧……
01:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:24
and I half-jokingly throw it out there.
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半開玩笑地把話丟出來。
01:26
I say, "Hey, I mean, we're about to be fired."
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我說:「嘿,我們就要被炒魷魚了。」
01:29
So I say,
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於是我說:
01:30
"Why don't we send in Jeff, the bartender?"
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「我們不如就派酒保傑夫去吧?」
01:32
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:35
And there's some silence, some quizzical looks.
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沉默了一會兒,有些人表情滑稽。
01:39
Finally, my chief of staff says, "That is a great idea."
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最後,我的參謀長說: 「那是個好主意。」
01:43
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:45
"Jeff is wicked smart. He's brilliant.
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「傑夫有小聰明,他很優秀。
01:48
He'll figure it out.
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他會想出辦法。
01:50
Let's send him in there."
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就派他去吧。」
01:52
Now, Jeff was not a programmer.
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傑夫並不是程式人員。
01:54
In fact, he had dropped out of Penn as a philosophy major.
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事實上他在賓州大學 主修哲學,但退學了。
01:59
But he was brilliant,
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但他很優秀,
02:01
and he could go deep on topics,
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他能深入主題,
02:04
and we were about to be fired.
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而且我們就要被開除了。
02:06
So we sent him in.
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所以我們就派他去。
02:09
After a couple days of suspense,
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懸念幾天後,
02:11
Jeff was still there.
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傑夫還在那裡。
02:15
They hadn't sent him home.
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他們沒有趕他回家。
02:17
I couldn't believe it.
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我無法置信。
02:19
What was he doing?
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他在做什麼?
02:21
Here's what I learned.
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我所知道的如下。
02:23
He had completely disarmed their fixation on the programming skill.
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他完全解除了 他們對於程式技巧的堅持,
02:29
And he had changed the conversation,
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改變了對談,
02:31
even changing what we were building.
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甚至改變了我們正在建的東西。
02:33
The conversation was now about what we were going to build and why.
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對談變成是在談 我們要建什麼,以及為什麼建。
02:41
And yes, Jeff figured out how to program the solution,
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是的,傑夫想出解決方案,
02:46
and the client became one of our best references.
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這客戶成了我們最佳的參考人之一。
02:50
Back then, we were 200 people,
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那時,我們公司有兩百人,
02:52
and half of our company was made up of computer science majors or engineers,
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半數主修資訊科學或是工程,
02:59
but our experience with Jeff left us wondering:
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但和傑夫合作的經驗讓我們納悶:
03:02
Could we repeat this through our business?
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我們能在事業上重覆這做法嗎?
03:06
So we changed the way we recruited and trained.
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我們因而改變招募和訓練的方式,
03:11
And while we still sought after computer engineers and computer science majors,
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雖然還是會找電腦工程師 和主修資訊科學的人,
03:17
we sprinkled in artists, musicians, writers ...
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也分散找些藝術家、音樂家、作家……
03:24
and Jeff's story started to multiply itself throughout our company.
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傑夫的故事在我們公司裡開始擴增。
03:29
Our chief technology officer is an English major,
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我們的技術長主修的是英文,
03:34
and he was a bike messenger in Manhattan.
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他原是曼哈頓的自行車送貨員。
03:38
And today, we're a thousand people,
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我們現今有一千人,
03:41
yet still less than a hundred have degrees in computer science or engineering.
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但其中有資訊科學或工程 相關學位的人不到一百人。
03:48
And yes, we're still a computer consulting firm.
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是的,我們還是電腦顧問公司。
03:52
We're the number one player in our market.
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我們是這個領域的第一名。
03:54
We work with the fastest-growing software package
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我們的套裝軟體快速成長,
03:56
to ever reach 10 billion dollars in annual sales.
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是市場上最早達到 年業績一百億美元的。
04:01
So it's working.
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這行得通。
04:05
Meanwhile, the push for STEM-based education in this country --
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在此同時,我國正在推行 以 STEM 為基礎的教育──
04:11
science, technology, engineering, mathematics --
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STEM 代表科學、 科技、工程、數學──
04:14
is fierce.
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推行得如火如荼,
04:15
It's in all of our faces.
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全面性地推動。
04:18
And this is a colossal mistake.
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這是個巨大的錯誤。
04:21
Since 2009, STEM majors in the United States
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從 2009 年起,
美國主修 STEM 的人增加了 43%,
04:25
have increased by 43 percent,
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04:28
while the humanities have stayed flat.
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而人文學科則持平。
04:30
Our past president
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我們過去的總統
04:33
dedicated over a billion dollars towards STEM education
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投入了十億美元到 STEM 教育上,
04:36
at the expense of other subjects,
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犧牲了其他的學科,
04:39
and our current president
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而我們目前的總統
04:42
recently redirected 200 million dollars of Department of Education funding
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最近將兩億美元的教育部資金
轉為導入資訊科學。
04:47
into computer science.
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04:49
And CEOs are continually complaining about an engineering-starved workforce.
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而執行長們不斷地抱怨 勞動力中很缺乏工程師。
04:57
These campaigns,
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這些倡議
05:00
coupled with the undeniable success of the tech economy --
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和無可否認的資訊經濟 成功結合在一起──
05:04
I mean, let's face it,
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我們要面對這個事實,
05:05
seven out of the 10 most valuable companies in the world by market cap
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世界上市值最有高的公司,
十個中有七個是科技公司──
05:10
are technology firms --
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05:13
these things create an assumption
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因而形成了一個假設,
05:16
that the path of our future workforce will be dominated by STEM.
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假設我們未來的勞動力之路 將會由 STEM 所支配。
05:24
I get it.
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我懂。
05:26
On paper, it makes sense.
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理論上這是合理的,
05:29
It's tempting.
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它很誘人。
05:33
But it's totally overblown.
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但它完全是誇大其詞,
05:35
It's like, the entire soccer team chases the ball into the corner,
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這就像是整支足球隊 都追著球跑到角落,
05:41
because that's where the ball is.
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只因為球在角落。
05:44
We shouldn't overvalue STEM.
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我們不應該過度重視 STEM。
05:48
We shouldn't value the sciences any more than we value the humanities.
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我們不應該把科學學科 看得比人文學科還重要。
05:52
And there are a couple of reasons.
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原因有幾個:
05:55
Number one, today's technologies are incredibly intuitive.
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第一,現今的科技是極端直覺的。
06:01
The reason we've been able to recruit from all disciplines
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我們之所以能從各學科領域招募人才
06:05
and swivel into specialized skills
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再轉為專業技能,
06:08
is because modern systems can be manipulated without writing code.
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是因為現代的系統 不需要寫程式碼也可以操作。
06:13
They're like LEGO: easy to put together, easy to learn, even easy to program,
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它們就像樂高:容易組裝、 容易學,甚至容易寫程式,
06:19
given the vast amounts of information that are available for learning.
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前提是能取得大量的資訊 供學習之用。
06:23
Yes, our workforce needs specialized skill,
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是的,我們的勞動力 需要特殊化的技能,
06:27
but that skill requires a far less rigorous and formalized education
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但和過去相比,那技能不再需要
那麼嚴格和制式化的教育。
06:32
than it did in the past.
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06:34
Number two, the skills that are imperative and differentiated
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第二,這個直覺式的科技世界
06:40
in a world with intuitive technology
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必須有差異性的技能,
06:43
are the skills that help us to work together as humans,
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那些能協助人類團結合作的技能,
06:49
where the hard work is envisioning the end product
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困難的是要預想出最終產品
06:54
and its usefulness,
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以及其用處,
06:55
which requires real-world experience and judgment and historical context.
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這就需要有真實世界的經驗、 判斷,以及歷史的情境。
07:03
What Jeff's story taught us
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傑夫的故事讓我們學到,
07:05
is that the customer was focused on the wrong thing.
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客戶把焦點放錯了地方。
07:10
It's the classic case:
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這是個經典的案例:
07:12
the technologist struggling to communicate with the business and the end user,
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技術人員努力和那些
未能表達需求的企業、 終端使用者溝通。
07:16
and the business failing to articulate their needs.
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07:22
I see it every day.
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我每天都會看到這種事,
07:25
We are scratching the surface
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我們正觸及
07:27
in our ability as humans to communicate and invent together,
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人類溝通和共同發明能力的表面。
07:32
and while the sciences teach us how to build things,
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雖然科學教我們如何建造東西,
07:36
it's the humanities that teach us what to build and why to build them.
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但人文卻教導我們 要建什麼和為什麼要建。
07:43
And they're equally as important,
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它們同等重要,
07:46
and they're just as hard.
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也一樣困難。
07:50
It irks me ...
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有件事會讓我惱怒……
07:54
when I hear people treat the humanities as a lesser path,
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就是聽到有人把人文學科 視為是比較差的路、
08:00
as the easier path.
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比較簡單的路。
08:01
Come on!
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拜託!
08:04
The humanities give us the context of our world.
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人文學科讓我們能夠了解 世界的來龍去脈,
08:10
They teach us how to think critically.
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教導我們如何做批評性思考。
08:14
They are purposely unstructured,
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它們本來就沒有結構,
08:16
while the sciences are purposely structured.
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而科學本來就有結構。
08:19
They teach us to persuade, they give us our language,
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它們教我們說服,給我們語言,
08:23
which we use to convert our emotions to thought and action.
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我們用語言把情緒 轉換成思想和行動。
08:32
And they need to be on equal footing with the sciences.
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它們必需要和科學學科 有一樣的立基點。
08:36
And yes, you can hire a bunch of artists
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你的確可以僱用一群藝術家
08:40
and build a tech company
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來創立一間科技公司,
08:43
and have an incredible outcome.
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得到了不起的結果。
08:46
Now, I'm not here today to tell you that STEM's bad.
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今天我來這裡並不是要 告訴各位 STEM 不好。
08:52
I'm not here today to tell you that girls shouldn't code.
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我今天在這裡不是要告訴各位 女生不應該寫程式。
08:57
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:58
Please.
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拜託。
09:00
And that next bridge I drive over
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我開車經過的下一座橋,
09:02
or that next elevator we all jump into --
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或是我們進入的下一台電梯──
09:07
let's make sure there's an engineer behind it.
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我們要確保它背後有個工程師。
09:09
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:14
But to fall into this paranoia
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但若是陷入這種偏執,
09:17
that our future jobs will be dominated by STEM,
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認為我們未來的工作 將由 STEM 主導,
09:22
that's just folly.
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那就是太愚蠢了。
09:24
If you have friends or kids or relatives or grandchildren
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如果你有朋友、孩子、 親戚、孫子孫女,
09:28
or nieces or nephews ...
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或姪子姪女……
09:30
encourage them to be whatever they want to be.
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鼓勵他們做他們想要做的。
09:34
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:41
The jobs will be there.
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工作會等在那裡的。
09:45
Those tech CEOs
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那些大聲吵著
09:48
that are clamoring for STEM grads,
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要 STEM 畢業生的執行長們,
09:51
you know what they're hiring for?
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他們僱人是要做什麼工作?
09:54
Google, Apple, Facebook.
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Google、蘋果、臉書,
09:57
Sixty-five percent of their open job opportunities
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它們的事求人中
有 65% 是非技術的工作:
10:01
are non-technical:
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10:03
marketers, designers, project managers, program managers,
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行銷人員、設計師、 專案經理、項目經理、
10:08
product managers, lawyers, HR specialists,
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產品經理、律師、人力資源專員、
10:12
trainers, coaches, sellers, buyers, on and on.
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訓練師、教練、銷售員、買家等等,
10:15
These are the jobs they're hiring for.
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是他們要僱人來做的工作。
10:20
And if there's one thing that our future workforce needs --
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如果我們未來的勞動力 真需要什麼的話──
10:26
and I think we can all agree on this --
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我想大家都能認同這點──
10:29
it's diversity.
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那就是多樣性。
10:31
But that diversity shouldn't end with gender or race.
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但,多樣性不該只限於 性別或種族方面而已。
10:35
We need a diversity of backgrounds
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我們也需要有多樣的背景和技能,
10:39
and skills,
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10:42
with introverts and extroverts
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有內向者也有外向者,
10:45
and leaders and followers.
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有領導者也有追隨者。
10:48
That is our future workforce.
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那是我們未來的勞動力。
10:51
And the fact that the technology is getting easier and more accessible
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科技越來越簡單、 越來越容易取得的事實,
10:57
frees that workforce up
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讓勞動力能夠有餘裕,
10:59
to study whatever they damn well please.
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依他們的意願去學他們想學的。
11:03
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:04
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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