Dee Boersma: Pay attention to penguins

20,943 views ・ 2010-05-19

TED


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翻译人员: Xu Jiang 校对人员: Xinli Geng
00:16
I want to talk about penguins today.
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今天,我来谈谈企鹅。
00:18
But first, I want to start by saying that
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但是首先,我想说
00:20
we need a new operating system,
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我们需要一个新的操作系统,
00:22
for the oceans and for the Earth.
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为了海洋和地球。
00:25
When I came to the Galapagos 40 years ago,
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40年前当我来到加拉帕戈斯的时候,
00:27
there were 3,000 people
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大约有3000人
00:29
that lived in the Galapagos.
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生活在加拉帕戈斯
00:32
Now there are over 30,000.
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现在有超过3万的人口。
00:34
There were two Jeeps on Santa Cruz.
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当时的圣特鲁斯只有2辆吉普车。
00:37
Now, there are around a thousand trucks
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而现在,大约有1千辆卡车,
00:39
and buses and cars there.
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巴士和汽车。
00:42
So the fundamental problems that we face
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所以说,我们面临的最根本问题
00:45
are overconsumption and too many people.
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是过度消费和人口过剩。
00:48
It's the same problems in the Galapagos,
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加拉帕戈斯存在同样的问题,
00:50
except, obviously,
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除了,很明显的,
00:52
it's worse here, in some ways, than other places.
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在某种意义上,加拉帕戈斯的问题比其他地区的更严重。
00:55
Because we've only doubled the population of the Earth
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因为地球上的人口仅翻了一番,
00:58
since the 1960s -- a little more than doubled --
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自20世纪60年代起,两倍稍微多一些。
01:01
but we have 6.7 billion people in the world,
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但是全世界有67亿人,
01:04
and we all like to consume.
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而且我们都喜欢消费。
01:06
And one of the major problems that we have
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我们的主要问题之一
01:08
is our operating system
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是我们的操作系统
01:10
is not giving us the proper feedback.
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不能够给我们正常的反馈。
01:12
We're not paying the true
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我们并没有为我们的行为
01:14
environmental costs of our actions.
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付出真实的环境代价。
01:17
And when I came at age 22 to live on Fernandina,
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我22岁来到芬南代生活的时候,
01:20
let me just say, that I had never
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可以说,我从来都没有
01:22
camped before.
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露营过。
01:24
I had never lived alone
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我也从来没有
01:26
for any period of time,
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一个人住过。
01:28
and I'd never slept with sea lions
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我更从来没有
01:30
snoring next to me all night.
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整夜睡在打鼾的海狮身边。
01:33
But moreover, I'd never lived on an uninhabited island.
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还有,我也从来没有生活在一个无人居住的岛屿上。
01:36
Punta Espinosa is where I lived for over a year,
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我在蓬埃斯皮诺萨生活了一年多。
01:38
and we call it uninhabited
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我们说它无人居住是
01:40
because there are no people there.
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因为那里没有人。
01:42
But it's alive with life;
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但是,其他的生命令它生机无限。
01:44
it's hardly uninhabited.
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这不能算了无生机。
01:47
So a lot has happened in the last 40 years,
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在过去的40年中,(岛上)发生了不少的事情。
01:50
and what I learned when I came to the Galapagos
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我来到加拉帕戈斯所学到的
01:52
is the importance of wild places, wild things,
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是野地,野生的东西,
01:55
certainly wildlife,
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当然还有野生动物的重要性
01:57
and the amazing qualities that penguins have.
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以及企鹅身上令人赞叹的特质。
02:00
Penguins are real athletes:
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企鹅是真正的运动员。
02:02
They can swim 173 kilometers in a day.
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它们1天能够游173公里。
02:05
They can swim at the same speed day and night --
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而且能保持同样的速度昼夜不息。
02:08
that's faster than any Olympic swimmer.
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这比任何一位奥林匹克游泳健将都快。
02:10
I mean, they can do like seven kilometers an hour
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要知道它们以七千米/小时的速度游泳,
02:12
and sustain it.
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并一直保持这个速度。
02:14
But what is really amazing, because of this deepness here,
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但是特别令人赞叹的是,因为这里的深度,
02:17
Emperor penguins can go down
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帝企鹅能下潜
02:19
more than 500 meters
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超过500米,
02:21
and they can hold their breath for 23 minutes.
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屏气时间长达23分钟。
02:23
Magellanic penguins, the ones that I work on,
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麦哲伦企鹅,也就是我在研究的,
02:26
they can dive to about 90 meters
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他们能下潜约90米,
02:28
and they can stay down for
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呆在那里
02:30
about 4.6 minutes.
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大约4.6分钟。
02:32
Humans, without fins: 90 meters, 3.5 minutes.
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人类,不带鳍,90米,3.5分钟
02:35
And I doubt anybody in this room
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我怀疑这个房间里没有人
02:37
could really hold their breath for 3.5 minutes.
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能够屏住气3.5分钟。
02:40
You have to train to be able to do that.
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你必须通过训练才能做到。
02:42
So penguins are amazing athletes.
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所以说,企鹅是最棒的运动员。
02:44
The other thing is, I've never met anybody
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另一个事情是,我从来没有见过
02:46
that really doesn't say that they like penguins.
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不喜欢企鹅的人。
02:49
They're comical, they walk upright,
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它们很滑稽,它们直立行走,
02:52
and, of course, they're diligent.
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并且,当然,它们很勤快。
02:54
And, more importantly, they're well-dressed.
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更重要的是,它们穿着优雅。
02:56
So they have all the criteria
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所以它们达到了
02:58
that people normally like.
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人们喜欢的所有标准。
03:00
But scientifically, they're amazing because they're sentinels.
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但是在科学层面上,它们令人惊叹是因为它们充当哨兵的角色。
03:03
They tell us about our world in a lot of different ways,
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它们用很多不同的方式告诉我们很多关于我们的世界的事情,
03:06
and particularly the ocean.
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特别是,关于海洋。
03:08
This is a picture of a Galapagos penguin
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这是加拉帕戈斯企鹅的照片
03:10
that's on the front of a little zodiac here in the Galapagos.
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在加拉帕戈斯的前端
03:13
And that's what I came to study.
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这也是我来研究的内容。
03:15
I thought I was going to study the social behavior of Galapagos penguins,
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我想要学习加拉帕戈斯企鹅的社会行为,
03:18
but you already know
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但是你已经知道
03:20
penguins are rare.
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企鹅很罕见。
03:22
These are the rarest penguins in the world.
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加拉帕戈斯企鹅是世界上最罕见的企鹅。
03:24
Why I thought I was going to be able to do that, I don't know.
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为什么我认为我能够完成呢?我也不知道。
03:27
But the population has changed
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但企鹅数量发生了巨大变化
03:29
dramatically since I was first here.
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从我第一次到这里的时候
03:31
When I counted penguins for the first time
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当我第一次清点企鹅,
03:33
and tried to do a census,
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做企鹅数量调查的时候,
03:35
we just counted all the individual beaks that we could
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我们仅仅数了这些岛上
03:37
around all these islands.
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我们能数得所有的喙。
03:40
We counted around 2,000, so I don't know how many penguins there really are,
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我们大约数了2000个,所以我也不知道到底有多少只企鹅,
03:43
but I know I can count 2,000.
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但是我知道我能够数到2000。
03:45
If you go and do it now, the national parks
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如果你现在去数的话,国家公园里
03:48
count about 500.
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大概只有500只。
03:50
So we have a quarter of the penguins
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所以我们现在只有40年前的
03:52
that we did 40 years ago.
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四分之一。
03:54
And this is true of most of our living systems.
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而且,我们的生存体系大多数都是这个情况。
03:57
We have less than we had before,
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我们现在拥有的比以前少,
03:59
and most of them are in fairly steep decline.
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而且相当一大部分是急剧下降。
04:02
And I want to just show you a little bit about why.
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我只是想稍微给你们展示一下这是为什么。
04:04
(Braying)
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(叫声)
04:09
That's a penguin braying
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这是企鹅的呼喊,
04:11
to tell you that
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告诉你
04:13
it's important to pay attention to penguins.
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关注企鹅有多么的重要。
04:15
Most important of all,
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最重要的是,
04:17
I didn't know what that was the first time I heard it.
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我甚至不记得是什么时候我第一次听到这样的叫声
04:20
And you can imagine sleeping on Fernandina your first night there
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你可以想象,当你睡在芬南代的第一个晚上,
04:23
and you hear this lonesome, plaintful call.
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你听到这寂寞、哀怨的叫喊。
04:27
I fell in love with penguins,
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我爱上了企鹅,
04:29
and it certainly has changed the rest of my life.
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这无疑改变我以后的人生。
04:31
What I found out I was studying
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我发现我学到的
04:33
is really the difference in how the Galapagos changes,
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就是加拉帕戈斯的变化是如何的不同,
04:36
the most extreme variation.
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最巨大的变化。
04:38
You've heard about these El Ninos,
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你听说过厄尔尼诺现象,
04:41
but this is the extreme that penguins all over the world
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但是这就是全球企鹅
04:43
have to adapt to.
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必须适应的极端变化。
04:45
This is a cold-water event
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还有一个全球变冷的
04:47
called La Nina.
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叫拉尼娜。
04:49
Where it's blue and it's green, it means the water is really cold.
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哪里是蓝色和绿色,哪里的水就是非常的冷。
04:52
And so you can see this current coming up --
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你可以看见这股洋流的出现,
04:54
in this case, the Humboldt Current --
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这个叫做洪保德寒流,
04:56
that comes all the way out to the Galapagos Islands,
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一直流到加拉帕戈斯岛,
04:59
and this deep undersea current, the Cromwell Current,
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然后这个深海洋流,克伦威尔洋流,
05:02
that upwells around the Galapagos.
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在加拉帕戈斯岛的周围涌上来,
05:04
That brings all the nutrients:
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带来了大量的养分。
05:06
When this is cold in the Galapagos,
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当加拉帕戈斯岛变冷的时候,
05:09
it's rich, and there's plenty of food for everyone.
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小岛变得富饶,每个人都有丰富的食物。
05:12
When we have extreme El Nino events,
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当我们有极恶劣的厄尔尼诺现象时,
05:14
you see all this red,
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你们看到的都是红色,
05:16
and you see no green
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一点儿绿色都没有
05:18
out here around the Galapagos.
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在加拉帕戈斯岛上。
05:20
That means that there's no upwelling,
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这就意味着没有上涌的潜流,
05:22
and there's basically no food.
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基本上也就没有食物。
05:25
So it's a real desert
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这就成为了沙漠。
05:27
for not only for the penguins and the sea lions and the marine iguanas ...
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不仅仅对于企鹅来说,对于海狮和海鬣蜥,
05:30
things die when there's no food.
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没有食物就只有死亡。
05:32
But we didn't even know that that
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我们根本不知道
05:34
affected the Galapagos when I went to study penguins.
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这会影响加拉帕戈斯岛,在我研究企鹅的时候
05:37
And you can imagine being on an island hoping you're going to see penguins,
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你可以想象在一个岛上,你希望能看见企鹅,
05:40
and you're in the middle of an El Nino event
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但是因为厄尔尼诺的关系,
05:42
and there are no penguins.
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一只企鹅都没有。
05:44
They're not breeding; they're not even around.
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它们没有生育,它们甚至不再出现。
05:46
I studied marine iguanas at that point.
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那个时候,我研究了海鬃蜥。
05:49
But this is a global phenomenon, we know that.
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但我们都知道这是一个全球化的现象。
05:52
And if you look along the coast of Argentina, where I work now,
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如果你看看阿根廷的海岸,我现在工作的地方
05:54
at a place called Punta Tombo --
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有个地方叫东波角
05:56
the largest Magellanic penguin colony in the world
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那是世界上麦哲伦企鹅最大的居住地,
05:58
down here about 44 degrees south latitude --
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大约在南纬44度,
06:02
you see that there's great variation here.
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你能看到有很大的变化。
06:04
Some years, the cold water
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有几年,
06:06
goes all the way up to Brazil,
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寒流一直流到巴西,
06:08
and other years, in these La Nina years, it doesn't.
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有几年,拉尼娜的那几年,寒流没有流到巴西。
06:11
So the oceans don't always act together; they act differently,
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所以说,海洋并没有总是在一起变化,他们也有不同
06:14
but that is the kind of variation
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但是正是这种不同
06:16
that penguins have to live with,
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企鹅要面对
06:18
and it's not easy.
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这并不容易。
06:20
So when I went to study the Magellanic penguins,
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所以,当我研究麦哲伦企鹅的时候,
06:22
I didn't have any problems.
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我没有遇到任何问题。
06:24
There were plenty of them.
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那里有大量的麦哲伦企鹅。
06:26
This is a picture at Punta Tombo in February
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这是东波角二月份的照片
06:28
showing all the penguins along the beach.
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所有的企鹅都在海滩上。
06:30
I went there because the Japanese wanted to start harvesting them
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我去那里是因为日本打算开始残杀他们,
06:33
and turning them into high fashion golf gloves,
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将他们变成高级时装的高尔夫手套,
06:36
protein and oil.
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蛋白质和鱼油。
06:38
Fortunately, nobody has harvested any penguins
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幸运的是,还没有人扑杀任何企鹅,
06:41
and we're getting over 100,000 tourists a year to see them.
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大概一年有10多万的游客来看它们。
06:44
But the population is declining
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因为企鹅数量一直在减少,
06:47
and it's declined fairly substantially, about 21 percent
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而且减少幅度相当大,大概有21%。
06:50
since 1987, when I started these surveys,
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从1987年起,当我开始调查的时候,
06:53
in terms of number of active nests.
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这是根据企鹅巢穴得出的数据。
06:55
Here, you can see where Punta Tombo is,
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现在大家看到的是东波角的地理位置
06:57
and they breed in incredibly dense colonies.
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他们在很密集的地方繁殖。
06:59
We know this because of long-term science,
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我们知道这些是因为长期的科学研究,
07:02
because we have long-term studies there.
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是因为我们长期在那里的调查。
07:04
And science is important in informing decision makers,
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科学对于决策是很重要的,
07:07
and also in changing how we do
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对于改变我们的行为
07:09
and knowing the direction of change that we're going in.
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以及改变的方向也很重要。
07:12
And so we have this penguin project. The Wildlife Conservation Society
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所以,我们有这个企鹅项目,野生动物保护协会
07:15
has funded me along with a lot of individuals
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为我们提供资金,还有其他很多的个人
07:18
over the last 27 years
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过去27年中,
07:20
to be able to produce these kinds of maps.
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使我们能够绘制这样的地图。
07:22
And also, we know that it's not only
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而且,我们只知道,不仅仅
07:24
Galapagos penguins that are in trouble,
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加拉帕戈斯企鹅有困难,
07:26
but Magellanics and many other species of penguins.
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麦哲伦企鹅也有,还有其他种类的企鹅
07:29
And so we have started a global penguin society
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所以我们开始(建立)一个全球化的企鹅社会,
07:32
to try to focus on the real plight of penguins.
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试着重点关注企鹅面临的真正困难。
07:35
This is one of the plights of penguins: oil pollution.
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石油污染是企鹅所面临的困境的一种。
07:38
Penguins don't like oil
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企鹅不喜欢石油,
07:40
and they don't like to swim through oil.
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而且也不喜欢在石油中游泳。
07:42
The nice thing is, if you look down here in Argentina,
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好的事情是,如果你从阿根廷往下看,
07:44
there's no surface oil pollution from this composite map.
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在这个综合性地图上,没有一处石油污染。
07:47
But, in fact, when we went to Argentina,
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但是,事实上,当我们去阿根廷的时候,
07:49
penguins were often found
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经常发现企鹅
07:51
totally covered in oil.
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全身裹着石油。
07:54
So they were just minding their own business.
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他们只是想管好他们自己,
07:56
They ended up swimming through ballast water that had oil in it.
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却最终在有石油的压载水中游泳。
07:59
Because when tankers carry oil
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这是因为,当油轮运输石油的时候,
08:01
they have to have ballast at some point,
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在某些时候他们必须要有压载,
08:03
so when they're empty, they have the ballast water in there.
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当油轮清空时,需要将压载水压入船体。
08:05
When they come back, they actually dump
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归航时,实际上油轮又将混有石油的压载水
08:07
this oily ballast water into the ocean.
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倒入海洋。
08:09
Why do they do that? Because it's cheaper,
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为什么要这样做呢?因为这样省钱,
08:11
because they don't pay the real environmental costs.
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因为他们不用为环境破坏买单。
08:14
We usually don't, and we want to start
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我们通常情况下不这样,我们希望开始
08:16
getting the accounting system right
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建立完善的会计系统
08:18
so we can pay the real cost.
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以便我们能付出真正的代价。
08:20
At first, the Argentine government said, "No, there's no way.
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起初,阿根廷政府说,“不。绝对不可能。
08:22
You can't find oiled penguins in Argentina.
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你不可能发现在阿根廷发现裹着石油的企鹅。
08:24
We have laws,
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我们有法律。
08:26
and we can't have illegal dumping; it's against the law."
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我们不允许非法倾倒废物。这是违法的。“
08:29
So we ended up spending nine years
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所以我们最终用了9年的时间
08:31
convincing the government that there were lots of oiled penguins.
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让政府相信有大量的企鹅生活在石油之中。
08:34
In some years, like this year, we found
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有些年份,比如今年,我们发现
08:36
more than 80 percent
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超过百分之八十的
08:38
of the adult penguins dead on the beach
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成年企鹅死在海滩上,
08:40
were covered in oil.
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全身裹着石油。
08:42
These little blue dots are the fledglings --
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这些小蓝点代表着幼鸟。
08:45
we do this survey every March --
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我们每年三月份都会做这样调查,
08:47
which means that they're only in the environment
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这就意味着他们只有在
08:50
from January until March,
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一月份到三月份在这个环境中
08:52
so maybe three months at the most
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所以或许最多只有三个月,
08:54
that they could get covered in oil.
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它们就会裹上石油。
08:56
And you can see, in some years over 60 percent
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你看到有些年份,超过百分之六十的
08:58
of the fledglings were oiled.
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幼鸟被石油污染。
09:00
Eventually, the government listened
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最终,政府听从了,
09:02
and, amazingly, they changed their laws.
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而且令人惊叹的是,他们修改了法律。
09:05
They moved the tanker lanes
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他们将油轮航线向着远离海岸线
09:07
40 kilometers farther off shore,
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的方向又移了40公里,
09:10
and people are not doing as much illegal dumping.
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而且没有那么多人为非法倾倒的废物
09:13
So what we're seeing now
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所以,我们现在看到
09:15
is very few penguins are oiled.
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只有很少数的企鹅在石油之中。
09:17
Why are there even these penguins oiled?
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为什么还是有企鹅在石油中呢?
09:19
Because we've solved the problem in Chubut province,
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因为我们解决了Chubut省的问题,
09:22
which is like a state in Argentina
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Chubut省相当于阿根廷的一个州,
09:25
where Punta Tombo is --
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东波角所在的州
09:27
so that's about 1,000 kilometers of coastline --
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那里大概有1000公里的海岸线-
09:29
but we haven't solved the problem
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但我们没有解决
09:31
in northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
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整个阿根廷北部,乌拉圭和巴西的问题
09:35
So now I want to show you that penguins are affected.
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所以现在,我想给你们展示这如何影响企鹅们。
09:37
I'm just going to talk about two things.
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我只谈两件事情。
09:39
This is climate change. Now this has really been a fun study
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首先是气候变化。现在这个真是一项很有趣的研究,
09:42
because I put satellite tags on the back
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因为我把卫星标记放置在
09:44
of these Magellanic penguins.
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麦哲伦企鹅的背部。
09:46
Try to convince donors to give you a couple thousand dollars
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这是为了使捐款者给你几千美金
09:49
to glue a satellite tag on the back of penguins.
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把一个卫星标记贴在企鹅背部。
09:52
But we've been doing this now for more than a decade to learn where they go.
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但是,我们这样做了10多年来研究它们去到哪里。
09:55
We thought we needed a marine protected area
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我们认为我们需要一个海洋保护区,
09:57
of about 30 kilometers,
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大约30公里
09:59
and then we put a satellite tag on the back of a penguin.
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而且我们还得把卫星标记放置在企鹅背部
10:01
And what the penguins show us --
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这样,企鹅展示给我们的,
10:03
and these are all the little dots
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就是这些小点点
10:05
from where the penguins' positions were
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代表企鹅的所在,
10:07
for penguins in incubation in 2003 --
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是2003年孵化小企鹅的地点。
10:09
and what you see is some of these individuals
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你看到的是一些个体
10:12
are going 800 kilometers away from their nests.
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会到离它们巢穴800公里远的地方去。
10:15
So that means as their mate
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这就意味着,在它们的伴侣
10:17
is sitting on the nest incubating the eggs,
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坐在巢穴中,孵化小企鹅的时候,
10:20
the other one is out there foraging,
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另一半在外出觅食。
10:22
and the longer they have to stay gone,
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它们需要离开的时间越长,
10:24
the worse condition the mate is in when the mate comes back.
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当它们回去的时候,它们所面临的情况就越严重。
10:27
And, of course, all of this then leads to a vicious cycle
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当然,所有的这些导致一个恶性循环,
10:30
and you can't raise a lot of chicks.
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你就无法养活大量的小企鹅。
10:32
Here you see in 2003 --
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你们看2003年,
10:34
these are all the dots of where the penguins are --
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所有的点代表企鹅所在的位置,
10:36
they were raising a little over
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它们只能养活
10:38
a half of a chick.
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一半多一点的小企鹅。
10:41
Here, you can see in 2006,
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这里,你们可以观察到2006年,
10:43
they raised almost three quarters
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每个家庭养活了
10:45
of a chick per nest,
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大概四分之三的小企鹅。
10:47
and you can see that they're closer to Punta Tombo;
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你发现它们离东波角越来越近,
10:50
they're not going as far away.
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它们没有走远。
10:53
This past year, in 2009,
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过去的这一年,2009年,
10:55
you can see that they're now raising
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你们可以发现它们只养育了
10:57
about a fourth of a chick,
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四分之一的小企鹅。
10:59
and some of these individuals are going
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有些个体
11:01
more than 900 kilometers away from their nests.
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要离开它们的巢穴900多公里。
11:04
So it's kind of like you having a job in Chicago,
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这就好像你在芝加哥有一份工作,
11:06
and then you get transferred
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然后你搬到
11:08
to St. Louis,
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圣路易斯,
11:10
and your mate is not happy about this
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你的伴侣为此不高兴,
11:12
because you've got to pay airfare,
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因为你得付机票钱,
11:14
because you're gone longer.
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而且你离开的时间更长。
11:16
The same thing's true for penguins as well.
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对于企鹅来说是一样的。
11:19
And they're going about, on average now,
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它们现在
11:21
40 kilometers farther than they did a decade ago.
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跟10年前相比,平均要多走40公里。
11:25
We need to be able to get information out to the general public.
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我们需要获取更多的信息并且让每个人都知道。
11:28
And so we started a publication
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所以我们跟环保协会共同
11:30
with the Society for Conservation
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创办了一期刊物。
11:32
that we think presents cutting-edge science
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我们用一种革新的方式
11:34
in a new, novel way,
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来传达当今最前沿的科学知识。
11:36
because we have reporters that are good writers
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因为我们有记者,他们都是很棒的作家,
11:39
that actually can distill the information
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他们也能够提炼信息,
11:41
and make it accessible to the general public.
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并将其变成能够供大众接受的信息。
11:44
So if you're interested in cutting-edge science
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所以,如果你对尖端科技
11:46
and smarter conservation,
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和睿智的谈话有兴趣,
11:48
you should join with our 11 partners --
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你应该加入到我们的11个合作伙伴的行列中来。
11:51
some of them here in this room, like the Nature Conservancy --
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他们有些现在就在这个房间里,像大自然保护协会,
11:54
and look at this magazine
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读读这本杂志,
11:56
because we need to get information out about conservation
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因为我们需要将有关环保的信息
11:59
to the general public.
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传播给普通大众。
12:01
Lastly I want to say that
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好,最后我想说,
12:03
all of you, probably,
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在座的可能
12:05
have had some relationship at some time in your life
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都有过
12:07
with a dog, a cat, some sort of pet,
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跟一只狗、一只猫,或者任何宠物在一起的时候,
12:10
and you recognized that those are individuals.
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你们认同它们是独立的个体。
12:12
And some of you consider them almost part of your family.
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有些人甚至认为它们几乎是家庭的一部分。
12:15
If you had a relationship with a penguin,
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如果你们和企鹅在一起,
12:18
you'd see it in the same sort of way.
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你们对待它们也是一样的。
12:20
They're amazing creatures
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它们是令人惊叹的动物,
12:22
that really change how you view the world
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会改变你看世界的方式,
12:24
because they're not that different from us:
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因为它们们跟我们没有区别并不大。
12:26
They're trying to make a living,
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它们只是想维持生计。
12:28
they're trying to raise their offspring,
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只是想养育它们的子孙。
12:30
they're trying to get on and survive in the world.
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它们只是想在这个世界上生活。
12:33
This is Turbo the Penguin.
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这是一只名叫涡轮的企鹅。
12:35
Turbo's never been fed.
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涡轮从来没有被喂养过。
12:37
He met us and got his name
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他遇到我们后,我们给他起的这个名字
12:39
because he started standing under
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因为他开始站在
12:41
my diesel truck: a turbo truck,
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我的柴油卡车下面,一辆涡轮增压车,
12:43
so we named him Turbo.
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所以我们叫他涡轮。
12:45
Turbo has taken to knocking on the door with his beak,
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涡轮学会了用他的喙敲门。
12:47
we let him in and he comes in here.
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我们让他进来,他就进来了。
12:49
And I just wanted to show you
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我只是想给大家看看
12:51
what happened one day
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当涡轮带来个朋友时
12:53
when Turbo brought in a friend.
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发生了些什么。
12:56
So this is Turbo.
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这是涡轮
12:58
He's coming up to one of my graduate students and flipper patting,
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他来到我的一个研究生面前,拍打他的蹼
13:01
which he would do to a female penguin.
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就好像他对着一位雌性企鹅一样
13:05
And you can see, he's not trying to bite.
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你看,他并没有打算咬你
13:07
This guy has never been in before
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这位兄弟从来没有来过
13:09
and he's trying to figure out, "What is going on?
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他正努力弄清楚“发生了什么?
13:11
What is this guy doing?
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他在干什么呢?
13:13
This is really pretty weird."
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这真是奇怪呀。”
13:15
And you'll see soon
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你一会儿就会看到
13:17
that my graduate student ...
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我的研究生
13:19
and you see, Turbo's pretty intent
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你也会看到,涡轮拍打蹼
13:21
on his flipper patting.
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的意图
13:23
And now he's looking at the other guy,
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现在他看着那个家伙
13:25
saying, "You are really weird."
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说到“你好奇怪呀”
13:27
And now look at this: not friendly.
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看这里,可是不友好
13:29
So penguins really differ in their personalities
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所以企鹅的性格是不同的
13:32
just like our dogs and our cats.
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就像我们的狗和猫一样。
13:35
We're also trying to collect our information
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我们同时也试图收集更多信息,
13:38
and become more technologically literate.
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并学会掌握更多的技术。
13:41
So we're trying to put that
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所以我们将这些信息输入
13:43
in computers in the field.
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相关领域的电脑。
13:45
And penguins are always involved in helping us
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企鹅总是加入进来,
13:48
or not helping us in one way or another.
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用这样或那样的方式,帮助我们,或者不帮助我们。
13:51
This is a radio frequency ID system.
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这是一个无线电频率身份识别系统。
13:54
You put a little piece of rice in the foot of a penguin
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我们在企鹅脚上放了一些米
13:57
that has a barcode, so it tells you who it is.
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它们脚上有条形码,用来告诉我们这是企鹅是谁。
13:59
It walks over the pad, and you know who it is.
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企鹅走过垫子,你就知道这是谁。
14:01
Okay, so here are a few penguins coming in.
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现在有几只企鹅过来了。
14:04
See, this one's coming back to its nest.
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请看,这只正要回它的窝。
14:06
They're all coming in at this time,
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他们都在此刻一块儿来了,
14:08
walking across there, just kind of leisurely coming in.
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一起走过去,都有那么点悠闲。
14:10
Here's a female that's in a hurry. She's got food.
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哦,这位女士可是急匆匆的
14:12
She's really rushing back, because it's hot,
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她真是急着往回赶,因为很热呀,
14:15
to try to feed her chicks.
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要赶紧回去喂孩子。
14:17
And then there's another fellow that will leisurely come by.
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那位兄弟正慢悠悠地走过来。
14:20
Look how fat he is. He's walking back to feed his chicks.
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看他多胖呀。他也是回去喂他的孩子。
14:23
Then I realize that they're playing
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这下我意识到他们
14:25
king of the box.
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在玩箱子。
14:28
This is my box up here, and this is the system that works.
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我的箱子在这里,这也就是这个正在工作的系统。
14:31
You can see this penguin, he goes over, he looks at those wires,
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你可以看到这只企鹅,他走过去,他盯着这些电线看,
14:34
does not like that wire.
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他不喜欢那条电线。
14:37
He unplugs the wire; we have no data.
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他就拔出那根电线,我们就没有数据了。
14:40
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
14:42
So, they really are pretty amazing creatures.
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所以说,他们真的是非常奇妙的动物。
14:47
OK.
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好吧。
14:49
Most important thing is:
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最重要的事是,
14:51
Only you can change yourself,
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只有你可以改变你自己。
14:53
and only you can change the world
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而且,只有你可以改变这个世界,
14:55
and make it better, for people
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让这个世界变得更美好,为了人类自己,
14:57
as well as penguins.
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也为了企鹅们。
14:59
So, thank you very much. (Applause)
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最后,非常感谢大家。
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