Dee Boersma: Pay attention to penguins

翻译人员: Xu Jiang 校对人员: Xinli Geng

I want to talk about penguins today.

今天，我来谈谈企鹅。

But first, I want to start by saying that

但是首先，我想说

we need a new operating system,

我们需要一个新的操作系统，

for the oceans and for the Earth.

为了海洋和地球。

When I came to the Galapagos 40 years ago,

40年前当我来到加拉帕戈斯的时候，

there were 3,000 people

大约有3000人

that lived in the Galapagos.

生活在加拉帕戈斯

Now there are over 30,000.

现在有超过3万的人口。

There were two Jeeps on Santa Cruz.

当时的圣特鲁斯只有2辆吉普车。

Now, there are around a thousand trucks

而现在，大约有1千辆卡车，

and buses and cars there.

巴士和汽车。

So the fundamental problems that we face

所以说，我们面临的最根本问题

are overconsumption and too many people.

是过度消费和人口过剩。

It's the same problems in the Galapagos,

加拉帕戈斯存在同样的问题，

except, obviously,

除了，很明显的，

it's worse here, in some ways, than other places.

在某种意义上，加拉帕戈斯的问题比其他地区的更严重。

Because we've only doubled the population of the Earth

因为地球上的人口仅翻了一番，

since the 1960s -- a little more than doubled --

自20世纪60年代起，两倍稍微多一些。

but we have 6.7 billion people in the world,

但是全世界有67亿人，

and we all like to consume.

而且我们都喜欢消费。

And one of the major problems that we have

我们的主要问题之一

is our operating system

是我们的操作系统

is not giving us the proper feedback.

不能够给我们正常的反馈。

We're not paying the true

我们并没有为我们的行为

environmental costs of our actions.

付出真实的环境代价。

And when I came at age 22 to live on Fernandina,

我22岁来到芬南代生活的时候，

let me just say, that I had never

可以说，我从来都没有

camped before.

露营过。

I had never lived alone

我也从来没有

for any period of time,

一个人住过。

and I'd never slept with sea lions

我更从来没有

snoring next to me all night.

整夜睡在打鼾的海狮身边。

But moreover, I'd never lived on an uninhabited island.

还有，我也从来没有生活在一个无人居住的岛屿上。

Punta Espinosa is where I lived for over a year,

我在蓬埃斯皮诺萨生活了一年多。

and we call it uninhabited

我们说它无人居住是

because there are no people there.

因为那里没有人。

But it's alive with life;

但是，其他的生命令它生机无限。

it's hardly uninhabited.

这不能算了无生机。

So a lot has happened in the last 40 years,

在过去的40年中，（岛上）发生了不少的事情。

and what I learned when I came to the Galapagos

我来到加拉帕戈斯所学到的

is the importance of wild places, wild things,

是野地，野生的东西，

certainly wildlife,

当然还有野生动物的重要性

and the amazing qualities that penguins have.

以及企鹅身上令人赞叹的特质。

Penguins are real athletes:

企鹅是真正的运动员。

They can swim 173 kilometers in a day.

它们1天能够游173公里。

They can swim at the same speed day and night --

而且能保持同样的速度昼夜不息。

that's faster than any Olympic swimmer.

这比任何一位奥林匹克游泳健将都快。

I mean, they can do like seven kilometers an hour

要知道它们以七千米/小时的速度游泳，

and sustain it.

并一直保持这个速度。

But what is really amazing, because of this deepness here,

但是特别令人赞叹的是，因为这里的深度，

Emperor penguins can go down

帝企鹅能下潜

more than 500 meters

超过500米，

and they can hold their breath for 23 minutes.

屏气时间长达23分钟。

Magellanic penguins, the ones that I work on,

麦哲伦企鹅，也就是我在研究的，

they can dive to about 90 meters

他们能下潜约90米，

and they can stay down for

呆在那里

about 4.6 minutes.

大约4.6分钟。

Humans, without fins: 90 meters, 3.5 minutes.

人类，不带鳍，90米，3.5分钟

And I doubt anybody in this room

我怀疑这个房间里没有人

could really hold their breath for 3.5 minutes.

能够屏住气3.5分钟。

You have to train to be able to do that.

你必须通过训练才能做到。

So penguins are amazing athletes.

所以说，企鹅是最棒的运动员。

The other thing is, I've never met anybody

另一个事情是，我从来没有见过

that really doesn't say that they like penguins.

不喜欢企鹅的人。

They're comical, they walk upright,

它们很滑稽，它们直立行走，

and, of course, they're diligent.

并且，当然，它们很勤快。

And, more importantly, they're well-dressed.

更重要的是，它们穿着优雅。

So they have all the criteria

所以它们达到了

that people normally like.

人们喜欢的所有标准。

But scientifically, they're amazing because they're sentinels.

但是在科学层面上，它们令人惊叹是因为它们充当哨兵的角色。

They tell us about our world in a lot of different ways,

它们用很多不同的方式告诉我们很多关于我们的世界的事情，

and particularly the ocean.

特别是，关于海洋。

This is a picture of a Galapagos penguin

这是加拉帕戈斯企鹅的照片

that's on the front of a little zodiac here in the Galapagos.

在加拉帕戈斯的前端

And that's what I came to study.

这也是我来研究的内容。

I thought I was going to study the social behavior of Galapagos penguins,

我想要学习加拉帕戈斯企鹅的社会行为，

but you already know

但是你已经知道

penguins are rare.

企鹅很罕见。

These are the rarest penguins in the world.

加拉帕戈斯企鹅是世界上最罕见的企鹅。

Why I thought I was going to be able to do that, I don't know.

为什么我认为我能够完成呢？我也不知道。

But the population has changed

但企鹅数量发生了巨大变化

dramatically since I was first here.

从我第一次到这里的时候

When I counted penguins for the first time

当我第一次清点企鹅，

and tried to do a census,

做企鹅数量调查的时候，

we just counted all the individual beaks that we could

我们仅仅数了这些岛上

around all these islands.

我们能数得所有的喙。

We counted around 2,000, so I don't know how many penguins there really are,

我们大约数了2000个，所以我也不知道到底有多少只企鹅，

but I know I can count 2,000.

但是我知道我能够数到2000。

If you go and do it now, the national parks

如果你现在去数的话，国家公园里

count about 500.

大概只有500只。

So we have a quarter of the penguins

所以我们现在只有40年前的

that we did 40 years ago.

四分之一。

And this is true of most of our living systems.

而且，我们的生存体系大多数都是这个情况。

We have less than we had before,

我们现在拥有的比以前少，

and most of them are in fairly steep decline.

而且相当一大部分是急剧下降。

And I want to just show you a little bit about why.

我只是想稍微给你们展示一下这是为什么。

(Braying)

（叫声）

That's a penguin braying

这是企鹅的呼喊，

to tell you that

告诉你

it's important to pay attention to penguins.

关注企鹅有多么的重要。

Most important of all,

最重要的是，

I didn't know what that was the first time I heard it.

我甚至不记得是什么时候我第一次听到这样的叫声

And you can imagine sleeping on Fernandina your first night there

你可以想象，当你睡在芬南代的第一个晚上，

and you hear this lonesome, plaintful call.

你听到这寂寞、哀怨的叫喊。

I fell in love with penguins,

我爱上了企鹅，

and it certainly has changed the rest of my life.

这无疑改变我以后的人生。

What I found out I was studying

我发现我学到的

is really the difference in how the Galapagos changes,

就是加拉帕戈斯的变化是如何的不同，

the most extreme variation.

最巨大的变化。

You've heard about these El Ninos,

你听说过厄尔尼诺现象，

but this is the extreme that penguins all over the world

但是这就是全球企鹅

have to adapt to.

必须适应的极端变化。

This is a cold-water event

还有一个全球变冷的

called La Nina.

叫拉尼娜。

Where it's blue and it's green, it means the water is really cold.

哪里是蓝色和绿色，哪里的水就是非常的冷。

And so you can see this current coming up --

你可以看见这股洋流的出现，

in this case, the Humboldt Current --

这个叫做洪保德寒流，

that comes all the way out to the Galapagos Islands,

一直流到加拉帕戈斯岛，

and this deep undersea current, the Cromwell Current,

然后这个深海洋流，克伦威尔洋流，

that upwells around the Galapagos.

在加拉帕戈斯岛的周围涌上来，

That brings all the nutrients:

带来了大量的养分。

When this is cold in the Galapagos,

当加拉帕戈斯岛变冷的时候，

it's rich, and there's plenty of food for everyone.

小岛变得富饶，每个人都有丰富的食物。

When we have extreme El Nino events,

当我们有极恶劣的厄尔尼诺现象时，

you see all this red,

你们看到的都是红色，

and you see no green

一点儿绿色都没有

out here around the Galapagos.

在加拉帕戈斯岛上。

That means that there's no upwelling,

这就意味着没有上涌的潜流，

and there's basically no food.

基本上也就没有食物。

So it's a real desert

这就成为了沙漠。

for not only for the penguins and the sea lions and the marine iguanas ...

不仅仅对于企鹅来说，对于海狮和海鬣蜥，

things die when there's no food.

没有食物就只有死亡。

But we didn't even know that that

我们根本不知道

affected the Galapagos when I went to study penguins.

这会影响加拉帕戈斯岛，在我研究企鹅的时候

And you can imagine being on an island hoping you're going to see penguins,

你可以想象在一个岛上，你希望能看见企鹅，

and you're in the middle of an El Nino event

但是因为厄尔尼诺的关系，

and there are no penguins.

一只企鹅都没有。

They're not breeding; they're not even around.

它们没有生育，它们甚至不再出现。

I studied marine iguanas at that point.

那个时候，我研究了海鬃蜥。

But this is a global phenomenon, we know that.

但我们都知道这是一个全球化的现象。

And if you look along the coast of Argentina, where I work now,

如果你看看阿根廷的海岸，我现在工作的地方

at a place called Punta Tombo --

有个地方叫东波角

the largest Magellanic penguin colony in the world

那是世界上麦哲伦企鹅最大的居住地，

down here about 44 degrees south latitude --

大约在南纬44度，

you see that there's great variation here.

你能看到有很大的变化。

Some years, the cold water

有几年，

goes all the way up to Brazil,

寒流一直流到巴西，

and other years, in these La Nina years, it doesn't.

有几年，拉尼娜的那几年，寒流没有流到巴西。

So the oceans don't always act together; they act differently,

所以说，海洋并没有总是在一起变化，他们也有不同

but that is the kind of variation

但是正是这种不同

that penguins have to live with,

企鹅要面对

and it's not easy.

这并不容易。

So when I went to study the Magellanic penguins,

所以，当我研究麦哲伦企鹅的时候，

I didn't have any problems.

我没有遇到任何问题。

There were plenty of them.

那里有大量的麦哲伦企鹅。

This is a picture at Punta Tombo in February

这是东波角二月份的照片

showing all the penguins along the beach.

所有的企鹅都在海滩上。

I went there because the Japanese wanted to start harvesting them

我去那里是因为日本打算开始残杀他们，

and turning them into high fashion golf gloves,

将他们变成高级时装的高尔夫手套，

protein and oil.

蛋白质和鱼油。

Fortunately, nobody has harvested any penguins

幸运的是，还没有人扑杀任何企鹅，

and we're getting over 100,000 tourists a year to see them.

大概一年有10多万的游客来看它们。

But the population is declining

因为企鹅数量一直在减少，

and it's declined fairly substantially, about 21 percent

而且减少幅度相当大，大概有21%。

since 1987, when I started these surveys,

从1987年起，当我开始调查的时候，

in terms of number of active nests.

这是根据企鹅巢穴得出的数据。

Here, you can see where Punta Tombo is,

现在大家看到的是东波角的地理位置

and they breed in incredibly dense colonies.

他们在很密集的地方繁殖。

We know this because of long-term science,

我们知道这些是因为长期的科学研究，

because we have long-term studies there.

是因为我们长期在那里的调查。

And science is important in informing decision makers,

科学对于决策是很重要的，

and also in changing how we do

对于改变我们的行为

and knowing the direction of change that we're going in.

以及改变的方向也很重要。

And so we have this penguin project. The Wildlife Conservation Society

所以，我们有这个企鹅项目，野生动物保护协会

has funded me along with a lot of individuals

为我们提供资金，还有其他很多的个人

over the last 27 years

过去27年中，

to be able to produce these kinds of maps.

使我们能够绘制这样的地图。

And also, we know that it's not only

而且，我们只知道，不仅仅

Galapagos penguins that are in trouble,

加拉帕戈斯企鹅有困难，

but Magellanics and many other species of penguins.

麦哲伦企鹅也有，还有其他种类的企鹅

And so we have started a global penguin society

所以我们开始（建立）一个全球化的企鹅社会，

to try to focus on the real plight of penguins.

试着重点关注企鹅面临的真正困难。

This is one of the plights of penguins: oil pollution.

石油污染是企鹅所面临的困境的一种。

Penguins don't like oil

企鹅不喜欢石油，

and they don't like to swim through oil.

而且也不喜欢在石油中游泳。

The nice thing is, if you look down here in Argentina,

好的事情是，如果你从阿根廷往下看，

there's no surface oil pollution from this composite map.

在这个综合性地图上，没有一处石油污染。

But, in fact, when we went to Argentina,

但是，事实上，当我们去阿根廷的时候，

penguins were often found

经常发现企鹅

totally covered in oil.

全身裹着石油。

So they were just minding their own business.

他们只是想管好他们自己，

They ended up swimming through ballast water that had oil in it.

却最终在有石油的压载水中游泳。

Because when tankers carry oil

这是因为，当油轮运输石油的时候，

they have to have ballast at some point,

在某些时候他们必须要有压载，

so when they're empty, they have the ballast water in there.

当油轮清空时，需要将压载水压入船体。

When they come back, they actually dump

归航时，实际上油轮又将混有石油的压载水

this oily ballast water into the ocean.

倒入海洋。

Why do they do that? Because it's cheaper,

为什么要这样做呢?因为这样省钱，

because they don't pay the real environmental costs.

因为他们不用为环境破坏买单。

We usually don't, and we want to start

我们通常情况下不这样，我们希望开始

getting the accounting system right

建立完善的会计系统

so we can pay the real cost.

以便我们能付出真正的代价。

At first, the Argentine government said, "No, there's no way.

起初，阿根廷政府说，“不。绝对不可能。

You can't find oiled penguins in Argentina.

你不可能发现在阿根廷发现裹着石油的企鹅。

We have laws,

我们有法律。

and we can't have illegal dumping; it's against the law."

我们不允许非法倾倒废物。这是违法的。“

So we ended up spending nine years

所以我们最终用了9年的时间

convincing the government that there were lots of oiled penguins.

让政府相信有大量的企鹅生活在石油之中。

In some years, like this year, we found

有些年份，比如今年，我们发现

more than 80 percent

超过百分之八十的

of the adult penguins dead on the beach

成年企鹅死在海滩上，

were covered in oil.

全身裹着石油。

These little blue dots are the fledglings --

这些小蓝点代表着幼鸟。

we do this survey every March --

我们每年三月份都会做这样调查，

which means that they're only in the environment

这就意味着他们只有在

from January until March,

一月份到三月份在这个环境中

so maybe three months at the most

所以或许最多只有三个月，

that they could get covered in oil.

它们就会裹上石油。

And you can see, in some years over 60 percent

你看到有些年份，超过百分之六十的

of the fledglings were oiled.

幼鸟被石油污染。

Eventually, the government listened

最终，政府听从了，

and, amazingly, they changed their laws.

而且令人惊叹的是，他们修改了法律。

They moved the tanker lanes

他们将油轮航线向着远离海岸线

40 kilometers farther off shore,

的方向又移了40公里，

and people are not doing as much illegal dumping.

而且没有那么多人为非法倾倒的废物

So what we're seeing now

所以，我们现在看到

is very few penguins are oiled.

只有很少数的企鹅在石油之中。

Why are there even these penguins oiled?

为什么还是有企鹅在石油中呢？

Because we've solved the problem in Chubut province,

因为我们解决了Chubut省的问题，

which is like a state in Argentina

Chubut省相当于阿根廷的一个州，

where Punta Tombo is --

东波角所在的州

so that's about 1,000 kilometers of coastline --

那里大概有1000公里的海岸线-

but we haven't solved the problem

但我们没有解决

in northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.

整个阿根廷北部，乌拉圭和巴西的问题

So now I want to show you that penguins are affected.

所以现在，我想给你们展示这如何影响企鹅们。

I'm just going to talk about two things.

我只谈两件事情。

This is climate change. Now this has really been a fun study

首先是气候变化。现在这个真是一项很有趣的研究，

because I put satellite tags on the back

因为我把卫星标记放置在

of these Magellanic penguins.

麦哲伦企鹅的背部。

Try to convince donors to give you a couple thousand dollars

这是为了使捐款者给你几千美金

to glue a satellite tag on the back of penguins.

把一个卫星标记贴在企鹅背部。

But we've been doing this now for more than a decade to learn where they go.

但是，我们这样做了10多年来研究它们去到哪里。

We thought we needed a marine protected area

我们认为我们需要一个海洋保护区，

of about 30 kilometers,

大约30公里

and then we put a satellite tag on the back of a penguin.

而且我们还得把卫星标记放置在企鹅背部

And what the penguins show us --

这样，企鹅展示给我们的，

and these are all the little dots

就是这些小点点

from where the penguins' positions were

代表企鹅的所在，

for penguins in incubation in 2003 --

是2003年孵化小企鹅的地点。

and what you see is some of these individuals

你看到的是一些个体

are going 800 kilometers away from their nests.

会到离它们巢穴800公里远的地方去。

So that means as their mate

这就意味着，在它们的伴侣

is sitting on the nest incubating the eggs,

坐在巢穴中，孵化小企鹅的时候，

the other one is out there foraging,

另一半在外出觅食。

and the longer they have to stay gone,

它们需要离开的时间越长，

the worse condition the mate is in when the mate comes back.

当它们回去的时候，它们所面临的情况就越严重。

And, of course, all of this then leads to a vicious cycle

当然，所有的这些导致一个恶性循环，

and you can't raise a lot of chicks.

你就无法养活大量的小企鹅。

Here you see in 2003 --

你们看2003年，

these are all the dots of where the penguins are --

所有的点代表企鹅所在的位置，

they were raising a little over

它们只能养活

a half of a chick.

一半多一点的小企鹅。

Here, you can see in 2006,

这里，你们可以观察到2006年，

they raised almost three quarters

每个家庭养活了

of a chick per nest,

大概四分之三的小企鹅。

and you can see that they're closer to Punta Tombo;

你发现它们离东波角越来越近，

they're not going as far away.

它们没有走远。

This past year, in 2009,

过去的这一年，2009年，

you can see that they're now raising

你们可以发现它们只养育了

about a fourth of a chick,

四分之一的小企鹅。

and some of these individuals are going

有些个体

more than 900 kilometers away from their nests.

要离开它们的巢穴900多公里。

So it's kind of like you having a job in Chicago,

这就好像你在芝加哥有一份工作，

and then you get transferred

然后你搬到

to St. Louis,

圣路易斯，

and your mate is not happy about this

你的伴侣为此不高兴，

because you've got to pay airfare,

因为你得付机票钱，

because you're gone longer.

而且你离开的时间更长。

The same thing's true for penguins as well.

对于企鹅来说是一样的。

And they're going about, on average now,

它们现在

40 kilometers farther than they did a decade ago.

跟10年前相比，平均要多走40公里。

We need to be able to get information out to the general public.

我们需要获取更多的信息并且让每个人都知道。

And so we started a publication

所以我们跟环保协会共同

with the Society for Conservation

创办了一期刊物。

that we think presents cutting-edge science

我们用一种革新的方式

in a new, novel way,

来传达当今最前沿的科学知识。

because we have reporters that are good writers

因为我们有记者，他们都是很棒的作家，

that actually can distill the information

他们也能够提炼信息，

and make it accessible to the general public.

并将其变成能够供大众接受的信息。

So if you're interested in cutting-edge science

所以，如果你对尖端科技

and smarter conservation,

和睿智的谈话有兴趣，

you should join with our 11 partners --

你应该加入到我们的11个合作伙伴的行列中来。

some of them here in this room, like the Nature Conservancy --

他们有些现在就在这个房间里，像大自然保护协会，

and look at this magazine

读读这本杂志，

because we need to get information out about conservation

因为我们需要将有关环保的信息

to the general public.

传播给普通大众。

Lastly I want to say that

好，最后我想说，

all of you, probably,

在座的可能

have had some relationship at some time in your life

都有过

with a dog, a cat, some sort of pet,

跟一只狗、一只猫，或者任何宠物在一起的时候，

and you recognized that those are individuals.

你们认同它们是独立的个体。

And some of you consider them almost part of your family.

有些人甚至认为它们几乎是家庭的一部分。

If you had a relationship with a penguin,

如果你们和企鹅在一起，

you'd see it in the same sort of way.

你们对待它们也是一样的。

They're amazing creatures

它们是令人惊叹的动物，

that really change how you view the world

会改变你看世界的方式，

because they're not that different from us:

因为它们们跟我们没有区别并不大。

They're trying to make a living,

它们只是想维持生计。

they're trying to raise their offspring,

只是想养育它们的子孙。

they're trying to get on and survive in the world.

它们只是想在这个世界上生活。

This is Turbo the Penguin.

这是一只名叫涡轮的企鹅。

Turbo's never been fed.

涡轮从来没有被喂养过。

He met us and got his name

他遇到我们后，我们给他起的这个名字

because he started standing under

因为他开始站在

my diesel truck: a turbo truck,

我的柴油卡车下面，一辆涡轮增压车，

so we named him Turbo.

所以我们叫他涡轮。

Turbo has taken to knocking on the door with his beak,

涡轮学会了用他的喙敲门。

we let him in and he comes in here.

我们让他进来，他就进来了。

And I just wanted to show you

我只是想给大家看看

what happened one day

当涡轮带来个朋友时

when Turbo brought in a friend.

发生了些什么。

So this is Turbo.

这是涡轮

He's coming up to one of my graduate students and flipper patting,

他来到我的一个研究生面前，拍打他的蹼

which he would do to a female penguin.

就好像他对着一位雌性企鹅一样

And you can see, he's not trying to bite.

你看，他并没有打算咬你

This guy has never been in before

这位兄弟从来没有来过

and he's trying to figure out, "What is going on?

他正努力弄清楚“发生了什么？

What is this guy doing?

他在干什么呢？

This is really pretty weird."

这真是奇怪呀。”

And you'll see soon

你一会儿就会看到

that my graduate student ...

我的研究生

and you see, Turbo's pretty intent

你也会看到，涡轮拍打蹼

on his flipper patting.

的意图

And now he's looking at the other guy,

现在他看着那个家伙

saying, "You are really weird."

说到“你好奇怪呀”

And now look at this: not friendly.

看这里，可是不友好

So penguins really differ in their personalities

所以企鹅的性格是不同的

just like our dogs and our cats.

就像我们的狗和猫一样。

We're also trying to collect our information

我们同时也试图收集更多信息，

and become more technologically literate.

并学会掌握更多的技术。

So we're trying to put that

所以我们将这些信息输入

in computers in the field.

相关领域的电脑。

And penguins are always involved in helping us

企鹅总是加入进来，

or not helping us in one way or another.

用这样或那样的方式，帮助我们，或者不帮助我们。

This is a radio frequency ID system.

这是一个无线电频率身份识别系统。

You put a little piece of rice in the foot of a penguin

我们在企鹅脚上放了一些米

that has a barcode, so it tells you who it is.

它们脚上有条形码，用来告诉我们这是企鹅是谁。

It walks over the pad, and you know who it is.

企鹅走过垫子，你就知道这是谁。

Okay, so here are a few penguins coming in.

现在有几只企鹅过来了。

See, this one's coming back to its nest.

请看，这只正要回它的窝。

They're all coming in at this time,

他们都在此刻一块儿来了，

walking across there, just kind of leisurely coming in.

一起走过去，都有那么点悠闲。

Here's a female that's in a hurry. She's got food.

哦，这位女士可是急匆匆的

She's really rushing back, because it's hot,

她真是急着往回赶，因为很热呀，

to try to feed her chicks.

要赶紧回去喂孩子。

And then there's another fellow that will leisurely come by.

那位兄弟正慢悠悠地走过来。

Look how fat he is. He's walking back to feed his chicks.

看他多胖呀。他也是回去喂他的孩子。

Then I realize that they're playing

这下我意识到他们

king of the box.

在玩箱子。

This is my box up here, and this is the system that works.

我的箱子在这里，这也就是这个正在工作的系统。

You can see this penguin, he goes over, he looks at those wires,

你可以看到这只企鹅，他走过去，他盯着这些电线看，

does not like that wire.

他不喜欢那条电线。

He unplugs the wire; we have no data.

他就拔出那根电线，我们就没有数据了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So, they really are pretty amazing creatures.

所以说，他们真的是非常奇妙的动物。

OK.

好吧。

Most important thing is:

最重要的事是，

Only you can change yourself,

只有你可以改变你自己。

and only you can change the world

而且，只有你可以改变这个世界，

and make it better, for people

让这个世界变得更美好，为了人类自己，

as well as penguins.

也为了企鹅们。

So, thank you very much. (Applause)

最后，非常感谢大家。