Dee Boersma: Pay attention to penguins

21,037 views ใƒป 2010-05-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: HyeRyeong Son ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:16
I want to talk about penguins today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ํŽญ๊ท„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
But first, I want to start by saying that
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๊ทธ์ „์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
00:20
we need a new operating system,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
for the oceans and for the Earth.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:25
When I came to the Galapagos 40 years ago,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 40๋…„์ „ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ,
00:27
there were 3,000 people
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3000๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
00:29
that lived in the Galapagos.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Now there are over 30,000.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 3๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:34
There were two Jeeps on Santa Cruz.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‚ฐํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์— 2๋Œ€์˜ ์ง€ํ”„(์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰)๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:37
Now, there are around a thousand trucks
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ๊ณผ
00:39
and buses and cars there.
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๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:42
So the fundamental problems that we face
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
are overconsumption and too many people.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:48
It's the same problems in the Galapagos,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์—๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
except, obviously,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ, ์ด ์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:52
it's worse here, in some ways, than other places.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Because we've only doubled the population of the Earth
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
since the 1960s -- a little more than doubled --
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๋‘๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์ฃ .
01:01
but we have 6.7 billion people in the world,
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์ฆ‰, 67์–ต์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
and we all like to consume.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
01:06
And one of the major problems that we have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:08
is our operating system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š”
01:10
is not giving us the proper feedback.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
01:12
We're not paying the true
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
01:14
environmental costs of our actions.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋น„์šฉ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:17
And when I came at age 22 to live on Fernandina,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ 22์‚ด์— ํŽ ๋‚œ๋””๋‚˜์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ,
01:20
let me just say, that I had never
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”. ์ „ ๊ทธ์ „์—
01:22
camped before.
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์บ ํ•‘์„ ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:24
I had never lived alone
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ด์•„ ๋ณธ์ ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:26
for any period of time,
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:28
and I'd never slept with sea lions
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์‚ฌ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ 
01:30
snoring next to me all night.
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์ฝ”๊ณจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”(๋ฐ”๋‹ค์‚ฌ์ž) ์˜†์—์„œ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:33
But moreover, I'd never lived on an uninhabited island.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฑด ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:36
Punta Espinosa is where I lived for over a year,
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ํ‘ผํƒ€ ์—์Šคํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์—์„œ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
and we call it uninhabited
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋ฌด์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
01:40
because there are no people there.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:42
But it's alive with life;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ์‚ถ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:44
it's hardly uninhabited.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฌด์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So a lot has happened in the last 40 years,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:50
and what I learned when I came to the Galapagos
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
01:52
is the importance of wild places, wild things,
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์•ผ์ƒ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:55
certainly wildlife,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ,
01:57
and the amazing qualities that penguins have.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:00
Penguins are real athletes:
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ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
They can swim 173 kilometers in a day.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 173ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:05
They can swim at the same speed day and night --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:08
that's faster than any Olympic swimmer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:10
I mean, they can do like seven kilometers an hour
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ 7ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:12
and sustain it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
02:14
But what is really amazing, because of this deepness here,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
02:17
Emperor penguins can go down
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ํ™ฉ์ œํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
more than 500 meters
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500 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:21
and they can hold their breath for 23 minutes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 23๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:23
Magellanic penguins, the ones that I work on,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ํŽญ๊ท„ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋งˆ๊ฒ”๋ผ๋‹‰ ํŽญ๊ท„์€
02:26
they can dive to about 90 meters
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 90๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and they can stay down for
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ
02:30
about 4.6 minutes.
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์•ฝ 4~6๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์œ ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:32
Humans, without fins: 90 meters, 3.5 minutes.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ ์—†์ด 90๋ฏธํ„ฐ, 3.5๋ถ„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
02:35
And I doubt anybody in this room
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
could really hold their breath for 3.5 minutes.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ 3.5๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:40
You have to train to be able to do that.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:42
So penguins are amazing athletes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
The other thing is, I've never met anybody
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์ „ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํŽญ๊ท„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
02:46
that really doesn't say that they like penguins.
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๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
They're comical, they walk upright,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•œ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ณ 
02:52
and, of course, they're diligent.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทผ๋ฉด์„ฑ์‹คํ•˜๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
And, more importantly, they're well-dressed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ์ฐจ๋ ค์ž…์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:56
So they have all the criteria
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:58
that people normally like.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:00
But scientifically, they're amazing because they're sentinels.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์›Œ์š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ณ‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:03
They tell us about our world in a lot of different ways,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:06
and particularly the ocean.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:08
This is a picture of a Galapagos penguin
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
that's on the front of a little zodiac here in the Galapagos.
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์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๋””์•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
And that's what I came to study.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
I thought I was going to study the social behavior of Galapagos penguins,
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์ „ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
but you already know
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
03:20
penguins are rare.
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์ด ๊ท€ํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
03:22
These are the rarest penguins in the world.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ท€ํ•œ ํŽญ๊ท„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Why I thought I was going to be able to do that, I don't know.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:27
But the population has changed
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ์™”์ฃ .
03:29
dramatically since I was first here.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜จ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:31
When I counted penguins for the first time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:33
and tried to do a census,
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๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:35
we just counted all the individual beaks that we could
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์„ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:37
around all these islands.
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์ด ๊ณณ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:40
We counted around 2,000, so I don't know how many penguins there really are,
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2000๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:43
but I know I can count 2,000.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2000์ •๋„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:45
If you go and do it now, the national parks
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:48
count about 500.
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500๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์…€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:50
So we have a quarter of the penguins
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4๋ถ„ 1์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:52
that we did 40 years ago.
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40๋…„ ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:54
And this is true of most of our living systems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
We have less than we had before,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
and most of them are in fairly steep decline.
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And I want to just show you a little bit about why.
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
04:04
(Braying)
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(ํŽญ๊ท„ ์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
04:09
That's a penguin braying
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์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
to tell you that
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋„ค์š”.
04:13
it's important to pay attention to penguins.
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ํŽญ๊ท„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:15
Most important of all,
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:17
I didn't know what that was the first time I heard it.
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์ „ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
And you can imagine sleeping on Fernandina your first night there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฒซ๋‚ ๋ฐค์„ ํŽ˜๋‚œ๋””๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ž ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
and you hear this lonesome, plaintful call.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์™ธ๋กญ๊ณ , ์• ์ฒ˜๋กœ์šด ์šธ๋ถ€์ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:27
I fell in love with penguins,
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์ „ ํŽญ๊ท„๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
and it certainly has changed the rest of my life.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
What I found out I was studying
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
04:33
is really the difference in how the Galapagos changes,
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:36
the most extreme variation.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜€์ฃ .
04:38
You've heard about these El Ninos,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์—˜๋‹ˆ๋‡จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
but this is the extreme that penguins all over the world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:43
have to adapt to.
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์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:45
This is a cold-water event
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ๋‹ˆ๋‡จ๋ผ๋Š”
04:47
called La Nina.
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ์ง„ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:49
Where it's blue and it's green, it means the water is really cold.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž‘์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And so you can see this current coming up --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
in this case, the Humboldt Current --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ํ›”๋ณผํŠธ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
that comes all the way out to the Galapagos Islands,
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๋จผ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ์„ฌ์— ์˜ค์ฃ .
04:59
and this deep undersea current, the Cromwell Current,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์†์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜, ํฌ๋กฌ์›ฐ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋Š”
05:02
that upwells around the Galapagos.
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์Ÿ์•„์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค์ฃ .
05:04
That brings all the nutrients:
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:06
When this is cold in the Galapagos,
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์ƒํƒœ์ผ ๋•Œ,
05:09
it's rich, and there's plenty of food for everyone.
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ํ’์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:12
When we have extreme El Nino events,
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์—˜๋‹ˆ๋‡จ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:14
you see all this red,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
05:16
and you see no green
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๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
05:18
out here around the Galapagos.
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:20
That means that there's no upwelling,
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํฌ๋กฌ์›ฐ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์Ÿ์•„์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
and there's basically no food.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋จน์ด์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์ฃ .
05:25
So it's a real desert
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ํ™ฉํํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:27
for not only for the penguins and the sea lions and the marine iguanas ...
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ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์‚ฌ์ž์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‚˜ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
05:30
things die when there's no food.
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๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:32
But we didn't even know that that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:34
affected the Galapagos when I went to study penguins.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŽญ๊ท„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
05:37
And you can imagine being on an island hoping you're going to see penguins,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์„ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:40
and you're in the middle of an El Nino event
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—˜๋‹ˆ๋‡จ ํ˜„์ƒ ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:42
and there are no penguins.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์—†์ฃ .
05:44
They're not breeding; they're not even around.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜์ง€๋„์•Š๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—๋„ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
I studied marine iguanas at that point.
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์ „ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
But this is a global phenomenon, we know that.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:52
And if you look along the coast of Argentina, where I work now,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฅด์  ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:54
at a place called Punta Tombo --
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ํ‘ผํƒ€ ํ†ฐ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ,
05:56
the largest Magellanic penguin colony in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋งˆ์ ค๋ ˆ๋‹‰ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€์ด๋ฉด์„œ
05:58
down here about 44 degrees south latitude --
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๋‚จ์œ„ ์•ฝ 44์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
you see that there's great variation here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Some years, the cold water
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๋ช‡๋…„๋™์•ˆ, ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๋ฌผ์ด
06:06
goes all the way up to Brazil,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
06:08
and other years, in these La Nina years, it doesn't.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์ธ ๋ผ ๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง€์•Š์ฃ .
06:11
So the oceans don't always act together; they act differently,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
but that is the kind of variation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
06:16
that penguins have to live with,
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ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:18
and it's not easy.
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์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ 
06:20
So when I went to study the Magellanic penguins,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ ค๋ผ๋‹‰ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ,
06:22
I didn't have any problems.
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์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:24
There were plenty of them.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:26
This is a picture at Punta Tombo in February
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2์›”์˜ ํฐํƒ€ ํ†ฐ๋ณด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
showing all the penguins along the beach.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ํ•ด๋ณ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:30
I went there because the Japanese wanted to start harvesting them
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:33
and turning them into high fashion golf gloves,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์ตœ์‹  ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ๊ฐ‘๊ณผ
06:36
protein and oil.
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜ค์ผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:38
Fortunately, nobody has harvested any penguins
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์žก์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
06:41
and we're getting over 100,000 tourists a year to see them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽœ๊ท„์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋…„์— 10๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
But the population is declining
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ˆ๊ณ ,
06:47
and it's declined fairly substantially, about 21 percent
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๊ฝค ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ค„์–ด์„œ ์•ฝ 21ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ์ค„์—ˆ๊ณ ,
06:50
since 1987, when I started these surveys,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 1987๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
06:53
in terms of number of active nests.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ฅ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:55
Here, you can see where Punta Tombo is,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฃฌํƒ€ ํƒ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
and they breed in incredibly dense colonies.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
We know this because of long-term science,
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:02
because we have long-term studies there.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And science is important in informing decision makers,
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:07
and also in changing how we do
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์—ญ์‹œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
07:09
and knowing the direction of change that we're going in.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:12
And so we have this penguin project. The Wildlife Conservation Society
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํŽญ๊ท„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•ผ์ƒ ์†Œํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š”
07:15
has funded me along with a lot of individuals
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฃ , ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
07:18
over the last 27 years
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์ง€๋‚œ 27๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
07:20
to be able to produce these kinds of maps.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
07:22
And also, we know that it's not only
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Galapagos penguins that are in trouble,
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๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”,
07:26
but Magellanics and many other species of penguins.
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๋งˆ์ œ๋ž€๋‹‰์Šค์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
And so we have started a global penguin society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
07:32
to try to focus on the real plight of penguins.
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ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:35
This is one of the plights of penguins: oil pollution.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์œ ์˜ค์—ผ
07:38
Penguins don't like oil
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ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ ,
07:40
and they don't like to swim through oil.
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ํ—ค์—„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
The nice thing is, if you look down here in Argentina,
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:44
there's no surface oil pollution from this composite map.
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์ด ์ธํ™”๋œ ์ง€๋„์—๋Š” ์„์œ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
But, in fact, when we went to Argentina,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:49
penguins were often found
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ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
07:51
totally covered in oil.
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์˜จ๋ชธ์— ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์“ด ํŽญ๊ท„์„์š”.
07:54
So they were just minding their own business.
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์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
They ended up swimming through ballast water that had oil in it.
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์˜ค์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ฐธ๋ผ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ(์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฃ๋Š” ๋ฌผ)๋šซ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
07:59
Because when tankers carry oil
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์ด ์˜ค์ผ์„ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋•Œ,
08:01
they have to have ballast at some point,
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์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐธ๋ผ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
08:03
so when they're empty, they have the ballast water in there.
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์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ ์ง์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š”, ๋ฐธ๋ผ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:05
When they come back, they actually dump
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์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
08:07
this oily ballast water into the ocean.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ฐธ๋ผ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
Why do they do that? Because it's cheaper,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ,
08:11
because they don't pay the real environmental costs.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:14
We usually don't, and we want to start
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:16
getting the accounting system right
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:18
so we can pay the real cost.
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์ง„์ • ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ถœํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:20
At first, the Argentine government said, "No, there's no way.
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์šฐ์„ , ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” "์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋˜์š”.
08:22
You can't find oiled penguins in Argentina.
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ด ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
We have laws,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:26
and we can't have illegal dumping; it's against the law."
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๋ฒ•์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:29
So we ended up spending nine years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 9๋…„์˜ ์„ธ์›”์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
convincing the government that there were lots of oiled penguins.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ด ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:34
In some years, like this year, we found
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๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ, ์ด๋ฒˆํ•ด์—๋„,
08:36
more than 80 percent
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80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š”
08:38
of the adult penguins dead on the beach
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๋‹ค ์ž๋ž€ ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ์ฃฝ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:40
were covered in oil.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์“ด์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:42
These little blue dots are the fledglings --
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ง€์ ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ƒˆ์ด์ฃ 
08:45
we do this survey every March --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 3์›”์— ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
which means that they're only in the environment
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์˜ค์ง
08:50
from January until March,
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2์›”์—์„œ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:52
so maybe three months at the most
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„์€
08:54
that they could get covered in oil.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ธ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:56
And you can see, in some years over 60 percent
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ
08:58
of the fledglings were oiled.
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์•ฝ 60ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์“ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:00
Eventually, the government listened
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:02
and, amazingly, they changed their laws.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:05
They moved the tanker lanes
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:07
40 kilometers farther off shore,
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ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ 40ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ,
09:10
and people are not doing as much illegal dumping.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:13
So what we're seeing now
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:15
is very few penguins are oiled.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์“ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
Why are there even these penguins oiled?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์“ด ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:19
Because we've solved the problem in Chubut province,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฟ ๋ฐงํŠธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
09:22
which is like a state in Argentina
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ,
09:25
where Punta Tombo is --
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ํ‘ผํƒ€ ํ†ฐ๋ณด๋Š”
09:27
so that's about 1,000 kilometers of coastline --
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ใ…‡ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 1000ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:29
but we haven't solved the problem
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:31
in northern Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ, ์šฐ๋ฅด๊ณผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:35
So now I want to show you that penguins are affected.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํŽญ๊ท„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
I'm just going to talk about two things.
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2๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ .
09:39
This is climate change. Now this has really been a fun study
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃ .
09:42
because I put satellite tags on the back
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์œ„์„ฑํ‘œ์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ
09:44
of these Magellanic penguins.
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๋งˆ์ ค๋ผ๋‹‰ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:46
Try to convince donors to give you a couple thousand dollars
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
09:49
to glue a satellite tag on the back of penguins.
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ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์œ„์„ฑํ‘œ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”
09:52
But we've been doing this now for more than a decade to learn where they go.
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10๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์™”์ฃ .
09:55
We thought we needed a marine protected area
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 30ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ํ•ด์–‘์ง€์—ญ์ด
09:57
of about 30 kilometers,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
and then we put a satellite tag on the back of a penguin.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ๋“ฑ์— ์œ„์„ฑ์‹ ํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
10:01
And what the penguins show us --
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ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
10:03
and these are all the little dots
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:05
from where the penguins' positions were
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ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ,
10:07
for penguins in incubation in 2003 --
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2003๋…„๋„์— ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:09
and what you see is some of these individuals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด
10:12
are going 800 kilometers away from their nests.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์—์„œ 800ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:15
So that means as their mate
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
10:17
is sitting on the nest incubating the eggs,
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๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‹€๊ณ , ์•Œ์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ ,
10:20
the other one is out there foraging,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•ด์˜ค์ฃ .
10:22
and the longer they have to stay gone,
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
10:24
the worse condition the mate is in when the mate comes back.
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์ง(์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋‚˜๊ฐ„)์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:27
And, of course, all of this then leads to a vicious cycle
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์ฃ ,
10:30
and you can't raise a lot of chicks.
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šธ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
10:32
Here you see in 2003 --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 2003๋…„์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:34
these are all the dots of where the penguins are --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์—
10:36
they were raising a little over
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๋ฐ˜์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
10:38
a half of a chick.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:41
Here, you can see in 2006,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, 2006๋…„์—์„œ๋Š”,
10:43
they raised almost three quarters
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๋Œ€๋žต 4๋ถ„ 3์ด
10:45
of a chick per nest,
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ํ•œ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋‹น ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์”ฉ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:47
and you can see that they're closer to Punta Tombo;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฃฌํƒ€ ํ†ฐ๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
10:50
they're not going as far away.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:53
This past year, in 2009,
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด์ธ, 2009๋…„์—๋Š”,
10:55
you can see that they're now raising
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
10:57
about a fourth of a chick,
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์•ฝ 4๋ถ„1์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งŒ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:59
and some of these individuals are going
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€
11:01
more than 900 kilometers away from their nests.
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๋‘ฅ์ง€์—์„œ 900ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:04
So it's kind of like you having a job in Chicago,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง์—…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
11:06
and then you get transferred
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
11:08
to St. Louis,
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์„ธ์ธํŠธ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค๋กœ ์ „์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:10
and your mate is not happy about this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ(๋‚จํŽธ)์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ 
11:12
because you've got to pay airfare,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต์š”๊ธˆ๊ณผ
11:14
because you're gone longer.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:16
The same thing's true for penguins as well.
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:19
And they're going about, on average now,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ˜„์žฌ
11:21
40 kilometers farther than they did a decade ago.
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10๋…„์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด 40ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋จผ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:25
We need to be able to get information out to the general public.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:28
And so we started a publication
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์„œ ์ถœํŒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:30
with the Society for Conservation
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:32
that we think presents cutting-edge science
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์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:34
in a new, novel way,
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์ด์ „์— ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์š”
11:36
because we have reporters that are good writers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
that actually can distill the information
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ณ 
11:41
and make it accessible to the general public.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
11:44
So if you're interested in cutting-edge science
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ
11:46
and smarter conservation,
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์ข€ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:48
you should join with our 11 partners --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ 11๋ช…์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”,
11:51
some of them here in this room, like the Nature Conservancy --
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Nature Conservancy๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
11:54
and look at this magazine
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
11:56
because we need to get information out about conservation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
11:59
to the general public.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:01
Lastly I want to say that
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์ด์ œ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
12:03
all of you, probably,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”, ์•„๋งˆ๋„,
12:05
have had some relationship at some time in your life
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:07
with a dog, a cat, some sort of pet,
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๊ฐœ, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:10
and you recognized that those are individuals.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:12
And some of you consider them almost part of your family.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:15
If you had a relationship with a penguin,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŽญ๊ท„๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:18
you'd see it in the same sort of way.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:20
They're amazing creatures
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
12:22
that really change how you view the world
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€๊ฑฐ์—์š”
12:24
because they're not that different from us:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:26
They're trying to make a living,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
12:28
they're trying to raise their offspring,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
12:30
they're trying to get on and survive in the world.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ , ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
12:33
This is Turbo the Penguin.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ„ฐ๋ณด(Turbo) ํŽญ๊ท„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:35
Turbo's never been fed.
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ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œก๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:37
He met us and got his name
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ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:39
because he started standing under
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋””์ ค ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ธ
12:41
my diesel truck: a turbo truck,
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ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๋ฐ‘์— ์„œ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:43
so we named him Turbo.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:45
Turbo has taken to knocking on the door with his beak,
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ํ„ฐ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
12:47
we let him in and he comes in here.
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๊ทธ๋…€์„์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์™”์ฃ .
12:49
And I just wanted to show you
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
what happened one day
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€
12:53
when Turbo brought in a friend.
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ํ„ฐ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”์„ ๋•Œ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:56
So this is Turbo.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ„ฐ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
He's coming up to one of my graduate students and flipper patting,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘์— ํ•œ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
13:01
which he would do to a female penguin.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•”์ปทํŽญ๊ท„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
13:05
And you can see, he's not trying to bite.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:07
This guy has never been in before
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์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:09
and he's trying to figure out, "What is going on?
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์ฃ ?"
13:11
What is this guy doing?
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๋ฉ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
13:13
This is really pretty weird."
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋„ค์š”." ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:15
And you'll see soon
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณง ๋ณผ ๊บผ์—์š”
13:17
that my graduate student ...
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์ €์˜ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด
13:19
and you see, Turbo's pretty intent
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์ž ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ํ„ฐ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
13:21
on his flipper patting.
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:23
And now he's looking at the other guy,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
13:25
saying, "You are really weird."
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๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋„ˆ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค."
13:27
And now look at this: not friendly.
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์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
So penguins really differ in their personalities
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ 
13:32
just like our dogs and our cats.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:35
We're also trying to collect our information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:38
and become more technologically literate.
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋ค˜์ฃ .
13:41
So we're trying to put that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—
13:43
in computers in the field.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:45
And penguins are always involved in helping us
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ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:48
or not helping us in one way or another.
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋•์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:51
This is a radio frequency ID system.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ID ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
13:54
You put a little piece of rice in the foot of a penguin
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ๋ฐœ ์•ˆ์— ์Œ€์•Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ฃ 
13:57
that has a barcode, so it tells you who it is.
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๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
13:59
It walks over the pad, and you know who it is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ง€์— ์ „์†ก๋˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•Œ์ฃ .
14:01
Okay, so here are a few penguins coming in.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„์ด ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:04
See, this one's coming back to its nest.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์ฃ .
14:06
They're all coming in at this time,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
14:08
walking across there, just kind of leisurely coming in.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ฃ .
14:10
Here's a female that's in a hurry. She's got food.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•”์ปท์€ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๋„ค์š”.
14:12
She's really rushing back, because it's hot,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ์•„์™”์ฃ , ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ,
14:15
to try to feed her chicks.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:17
And then there's another fellow that will leisurely come by.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํŽญ๊ท„๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
14:20
Look how fat he is. He's walking back to feed his chicks.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ด์ช˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ์•„์™”์ฃ .
14:23
Then I realize that they're playing
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ
14:25
king of the box.
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๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:28
This is my box up here, and this is the system that works.
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ €์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
14:31
You can see this penguin, he goes over, he looks at those wires,
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์ด ํŽญ๊ท„ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:34
does not like that wire.
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์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
14:37
He unplugs the wire; we have no data.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์„ ์„ ๋ฝ‘์•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:40
(Laughter)
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์›ƒ์Œ
14:42
So, they really are pretty amazing creatures.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
14:47
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
14:49
Most important thing is:
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
Only you can change yourself,
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์˜ค์ง ๋‹น์‹ ๋งŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:53
and only you can change the world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง ๋‹น์‹ ๋งŒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:55
and make it better, for people
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:57
as well as penguins.
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ํŽญ๊ท„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:59
So, thank you very much. (Applause)
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์ž, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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