How autonomous flying taxis could change the way you travel | Rodin Lyasoff

107,326 views ・ 2018-07-20

TED


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翻译人员: jacks peng
00:12
I love airplanes.
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我喜欢飞机。
00:14
Oh -- I love airplanes.
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真的非常喜欢。
00:16
So, when I went to college in the late 90s,
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九十年代末我上大学的时候,
00:19
it was obvious that I was going to study aerospace.
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曾不假思索地要选择航空专业。
00:21
And you wouldn't believe how many people told me,
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你们肯定想不到有多少人对我说,
00:24
"Oh no, not aerospace.
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“ 不要选航空专业,
00:26
Aerospace is going to be boring,
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没什么前途,
00:27
everything in aerospace has already been done."
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这个领域不会再有什么新发展了。"
00:31
Well, they were a little bit off the mark.
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他们的话多少有失偏颇。
00:33
And in fact, I think the next decade
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实际上,我认为未来十年
将是航空业的另一个黄金时期。
00:35
is going to be another golden age for aviation.
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00:37
For one thing, and this is where I get excited,
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首先,令我激动的是,
00:39
flight is about to get a lot more personal.
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飞行正变得与每个人息息相关。
00:41
So, a little compare and contrast.
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对比一下,
00:44
In the last century,
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在上个世纪,
00:46
large commercial airplanes have connected cities across the globe.
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大型商业飞机已经把 世界各地的城市连接起来了。
00:49
And 100 years ago,
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一百年前,
00:50
it would have been unthinkable for all of us
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人类根本无法想象
00:53
to fly here from around the world for a five-day conference.
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飞到地球另一端参加一个五天的会议。
00:55
But we did, and most of us probably without a second thought.
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但现在我们做到了,大部分人 可能也不会为此大惊小怪。
00:59
And that's a remarkable achievement for humanity.
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这是人类的一个巨大成就。
01:02
But on a day-to-day basis, we still spend a lot of time in cars.
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但是每一天,我们仍要 花很多时间在通勤上,
01:06
Or actively trying to avoid it.
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或者试图避免它。
01:10
Some of my best friends live in San Francisco,
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我有些关系密切的朋友住在旧金山,
01:12
I live in Mountain View, about 40 miles away.
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而我住在离他们约65公里的山景城。
01:15
We're all busy.
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我们都很忙,
01:16
At the end of the day,
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一天结束的时候,
01:17
we're separated by something like two hours of heavy traffic.
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2个小时的拥挤交通把我们分隔开了。
01:20
So frankly, we haven't seen each other in a few months.
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老实说,我们已经好几个月没见面了。
01:24
Now, I work in downtown San Jose, which is near the airport.
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我现在在圣何塞市区工作,离机场不远,
01:28
And there are actually days when I can leave work,
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有时候我可以不去上班,
01:31
get on a plane and fly to Los Angeles
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飞到洛杉矶,
01:34
faster than I can drive to San Francisco.
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比我开车到旧金山还要快。
01:36
Cities are only getting more populated,
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城市正在变得越来越拥挤,
01:38
the roads are full, and it's really difficult to expand them.
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道路都被车占满了,很难再拓宽,
01:41
And so in a lot of places,
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所以在很多地方,
01:43
there really aren't a lot of good solutions
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面对日益严峻的交通问题
01:45
for getting around traffic.
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我们却无能为力。
01:47
But what if you could fly over it?
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但是,如果你可以飞呢?
01:51
The sky is underutilized,
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天空还没有被充分利用,
01:52
and I would argue it will never be as congested as the roads are.
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我敢说天空永远不会 像马路一样拥挤的。
01:56
First of all, you've got a whole other dimension,
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首先,你有了另一套交通维度,
01:59
but also just safety considerations and air-traffic management
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还有安全措施和空中交通管制,
02:03
will not allow bumper-to-bumper traffic in the sky.
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不会让车速过慢的 交通问题在空中出现。
02:05
Which means, in many cases,
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这意味着在多数情况下,
02:07
flying can be a long-term, compelling alternative
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飞行可以是地面交通
02:10
to traveling on the ground.
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长期、可靠的替换方案。
02:13
So imagine this:
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想象一下,
02:14
you call an Uber, it takes you to a nearby landing spot --
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你叫了一辆优步, 把你送到附近的一个停机点,
02:17
we call these vertiports --
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我们叫它垂直升降机场。
02:20
there's an airplane waiting for you there,
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那里有架飞机在等你,
会载着你飞越所有拥挤的交通,
02:22
flies you over all of the traffic in the middle,
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在另一端,另一辆优步 会把你送到朋友家。
02:24
and on the other side, another Uber takes you to your friend's house.
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说起优步,
02:27
And I said Uber,
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02:28
but I really think we need to congratulate the Lyft branding team
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我真的觉得我们应该祝贺 来福车(Lyft)品牌团队,
02:31
for their forward thinking in choosing their brand.
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他们在选择品牌名称上 体现了出色的前瞻思维。
02:34
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:36
So in that example,
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在这个例子中,
02:37
OK, there are a few extra steps, I admit.
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我承认还有一些路要走。
02:39
But it's 30 minutes versus two hours,
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但耗费的时间从两小时 缩短到了30分钟,
02:43
it costs around 60 dollars,
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花费大概六十美元,
02:44
and you get to fly.
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你就能飞了。
02:46
We're not there yet,
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我们还没发展到那一步,
02:48
but we are a lot closer than you might think.
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但是我们离那一天 比你想象得要近得多。
02:50
So one of the first things we need
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所以首先我们需要的是,
02:52
is we need an aircraft that can take off and land in small spaces
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一种可以在小地方起降的飞机,
02:55
and quickly take you where you want to go.
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能够迅速地把你带到目的地。
02:57
And helicopters can do that today,
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现在的直升机可以做到这一点,
02:59
but traditionally, helicopters have been just a little bit too expensive,
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但是传统直升机有点太贵了,
03:03
just a little too hard to pilot
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而且很难操控,
03:05
and just a little too noisy to be used for daily transportation in cities.
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在每天的城市交通中 使用的话,噪音又未免太大了。
03:10
Well, electric flight and autonomy are changing that.
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不过,电动飞机和无人驾驶 正在改变这一点。
03:14
Electric flight, in particular,
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特别是电动飞机,
03:15
unlocks new possibilities for vehicle configurations
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解锁了车辆配置的新可能,
03:18
that we just could not explore in the past.
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这在以前我们是无法做到的。
03:21
If you use electric motors,
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如果你使用电动发动机,
可以在飞机上安很多个,
03:23
you can have many of them around the aircraft,
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03:25
and it doesn't add a lot of extra weight.
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飞机的重量却不会增加太多,
03:27
And that gives you redundancy and safety.
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而且能保证适当的余度和安全。
03:29
And also, they are cleaner, cheaper and quieter
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此外,电动发动机比内燃机
03:31
than internal combustion engines.
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更环保,更便宜,也更安静。
03:33
Autonomy allows the transportation network to scale,
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自动驾驶可以使交通网络规模化,
03:36
and I actually think it makes the aircraft safer.
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我觉得这会使飞机更加安全。
03:39
Commercial flights are already automated for most of their duration,
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客机在大部分飞行时间里 已经实现了自动化,
03:42
and I believe there will come a day
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我相信将来有一天,
03:45
when we won't even trust an airplane that required a human to fly.
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我们甚至不会信任需要 由人来驾驶的飞机了。
03:50
So, one of our teams at A3
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我们在A3的一个团队,
03:52
wanted to see just how close this future really was.
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想看看我们离实现这一天还有多远,
03:55
So they built and flew a prototype of one such vehicle.
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所以他们打造并试飞了 这种飞机的一个模型,
03:59
And they made a point of only using
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他们规定只准使用
04:01
mature, commercially available technologies today.
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当今已成熟并已投入商业应用的技术。
04:04
We call it Vahana.
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我们给这个模型起名叫 瓦哈纳。
04:05
It's fully electric.
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它是全电动的。
04:08
It takes off and lands vertically, but flies forward like a regular airplane.
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可以垂直起行和降落, 像普通飞机一样向前飞行,
04:11
It's fully self-piloted.
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完全依靠自动驾驶,
04:13
You push a button, it takes off, flies and lands, all by itself.
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你按一下按钮,它就起飞, 飞行和落地,全程自动完成。
04:17
The prototype that you see here
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你在这里看到的这个模型,
04:19
is designed to carry a single passenger and luggage.
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设计为只能运送一名乘客和行李。
04:21
And it can go about 20 miles in 15 minutes.
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它在15分钟内可以飞行大概20英里。
04:23
And our estimate for a trip like that is it would cost around 40 dollars,
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我们预计这样的旅程 大概会花费40美元,
04:28
which you can really build a business around.
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这真的可以做成一门生意。
04:30
It has multiple redundant motors and batteries,
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它有多个备用发动机和电池,
04:32
you can lose one, it will continue flying and land normally.
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即使其中一个失效了, 仍可以继续正常飞行和降落。
04:36
It's pretty quiet.
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它非常安静。
04:37
When it's flying overhead, it will be quieter than a Prius on the highway.
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它在飞行状态中,比行驶在 高速上的普锐斯还安静。
04:41
It's intelligent and has cameras, lidar and radar,
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它是智能的,配有摄像头, 激光雷达和雷达。
04:43
so it can detect and avoid unexpected obstacles.
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所以它可以探测并绕开 不可预见的障碍物。
04:47
And the team really focused on making it efficient,
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这个团队非常关心它的效率,
04:49
so the batteries are small, light, and they last longer.
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所以电池都是又小又轻, 但可以续航更久的。
04:53
For reference, the Vahana battery
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举个例子,瓦哈纳电池的尺寸还不到
04:56
is less than half the size of a Tesla Model S battery.
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一辆特斯拉S汽车电池的一半。
04:59
It's about 40 kilowatt-hours.
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耗电量 40千瓦时,
05:01
And you can hot swap the batteries in just a few minutes.
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你可以在几分钟内完成电池的热交换。
05:05
And I do think that in a few years,
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我真的觉得再过几年,
05:06
people will be comfortable getting by themselves
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人们会习惯乘坐这种
05:09
in a self-piloted, electric, VTOL air taxi.
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自动驾驶、全电动、 垂直起降的空中出租车。
05:13
But the team is busy working on the next version,
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这个团队正在研究下一代产品,
05:15
which is going to carry at least two passengers
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可以搭载至少两名乘客,
而且飞行里程更长。
05:18
and fly quite a bit farther.
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05:19
But more importantly, there are over 20 companies around the world
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更重要的是,世界上有超过20家公司
05:24
working on vehicles just like this one right now.
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正在研制类似这样的飞机,
05:28
My best guess is in the next five years,
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我猜很有可能在接下来的五年内,
05:30
you'll start seeing vertiports in some cities,
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你可以在一些城市看到垂直升降机场。
05:32
and little airplane icons on your ride-sharing apps.
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在你的共享软件旁边也 会出现小小的飞机图标。
05:36
And it might begin with a dozen,
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也许一开始只有几架,
05:38
but eventually, we could have hundreds of these,
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但是最终可能看到几百架,
05:40
flying around our cities.
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飞行在我们的城市上空。
它将从根本上改变 我们与当地交通的关系。
05:42
And it will fundamentally transform our relationship with local travel.
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05:47
In the past century, flight connected our planet,
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在上个世纪, 飞机将世界各地连接起来了,
05:50
in the next, it will reconnect our local communities,
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在下个世纪,飞机会 把我们的社区重新连接起来,
05:53
and I hope it will reconnect us to each other.
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我希望它也会将人们 彼此重新连接起来。
05:56
Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:57
(Applause)
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(掌声)
06:05
Chris Anderson: OK, so when these things first roll out --
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克里斯 · 安德森:这些服务 什么时候会首次推出呢——
06:08
right now, it's a single person aircraft, right?
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现在还是一架单人飞机,对吧?
06:12
Rodin Lyasoff: Ours is, yes.
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罗丹 · 利亚索夫: 我们的是,对的。
06:13
CA: Yours is.
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CA: 你们的是。
06:14
I mean, someone comes out of their car,
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那么我的理解是,有人下车后,
06:17
the door opens, they get in, there's no one else in there.
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飞机门开着,他进来, 里面没有其他人。
06:20
This thing takes off.
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这个东西起飞。
06:22
Could we do a poll here?
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我们来投一下票吧。
06:23
Because these are early adopters in this room.
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因为在座的算是早期的采纳者了,
06:25
I want to know who here is excited
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我想知道都有谁对这个想法感兴趣,
06:28
about the idea of being picked up solo in an auto-flying --
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就是你会独自一人 被一辆无人机接走——
06:32
Well, there you go!
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哇,还真不少呢!
06:34
RL: It's pretty good.
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RL: 非常好。
06:35
CA: That is pretty awesome,
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CA: 好极了,
06:36
half of TED is completely stark staring bonkers.
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还有一半的观众 完全感觉在看疯子。
06:39
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:42
RL: So, one of the things we're really focusing on
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RL: 我们现在重点关注的一件事
06:44
is, really, the cost.
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其实是,成本。
06:46
So you can really wrap a business around that.
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你真的可以围绕这个 开展一门生意。
06:48
And so, that's why some of the features are really driven by price.
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这也是为什么其中的 一些功能是由价格决定的。
06:52
And the 40-dollar price tag is really a target that we're aiming for.
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我们要实现的目标 是40美元的定价。
06:55
Which should make it accessible to a larger crowd than this one.
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比起现在的这个,40美元 会让更多的人支付得起。
06:59
CA: The biggest blockage in terms of when this rolls out
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CA: 现在推出这个产品最大的障碍,
07:03
is probably not the technology at this point -- it's regulation, right?
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可能不是技术问题,而是监管,对吗?
07:06
RL: That's probably true, yes, I would agree with that.
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RL: 是的,我大概同意你说的。
07:09
The technology need to mature in terms of safety,
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需要成熟的技术以确保安全,
07:12
to get to the safety levels that we expect from aircraft.
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达到飞机预期的安全水平。
07:16
But I don't think there are any blockers there,
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但是我认为这方面不存在障碍。
07:18
just work needs to get done.
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就是还有一些工作要做。
07:19
CA: So, first, this is ride sharing.
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CA: 所以,首先,这是通行共享。
07:21
Are we that far away from a time
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是否有一天,
07:23
when lots of people have one of these in their garage
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人们会放一架这样的飞机 在自己的车库里,
07:26
and just kind of, go direct to their friend's house?
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然后就直接飞到朋友家了?
07:29
RL: My personal view is that ride sharing actually allows you to operate
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RL: 我个人的观点是, 共享可以让你在整个商业的运营中
07:33
that entire business much more efficiently.
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更加高效。
07:37
You know, there are millennials that say they never want to own a car.
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你知道,有些千禧一代说 他们永远都不想买车。
07:40
I think they'll probably feel even stronger about aircraft.
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我觉得他们会更需要飞机,
07:43
So --
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所以——
07:44
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:46
I really think that the network scales and operates a lot better
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我真的觉得,共享平台的 网络规模和运作效率
07:50
as a ride-sharing platform,
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会好得多,
07:52
also because the integration with air-traffic management
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另外,如果做中心化的处理,
07:55
works a lot better if it's handled centrally.
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与空中交通管制的结合也会更好些。
07:58
CA: Cool. Thank you for that.
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CA: 好,谢谢!
08:00
RL: Thank you. CA: That was amazing.
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RL: 谢谢。 CA: 太棒了。
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