Why it's too hard to start a business in Africa -- and how to change it | Magatte Wade

Prevodilac: Dragana Savanovic Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Today, what I want to share with you is something that happened to me,

Danas želim da podelim sa vama nešto što mi se desilo,

actually, around four weeks ago, it happened.

zapravo, desilo se pre oko četiri nedelje.

Words were said to me that I never thought I would ever hear it said to my face

U lice mi je rečeno nešto što sam mislila da nikad neću čuti

by another human being.

od drugog ljudskog bića.

And those words, they shattered my heart.

I te reči su mi slomile srce.

And at the same time, they filled it with so much hope.

A u isto vreme ga ispunile sa mnogo nade.

And the whole experience renewed my commitment

Celo to iskustvo je obnovilo moju posvećenost

to the idea that I came to share with you today.

ideji koju sam došla da podelim sa vama danas.

You see, I tell everyone that I am a haunted person.

Vidite, ja svima govorim da sam opsesivna osoba.

What haunts me is the impossible stories,

Opsedaju me nemoguće priče,

story after story after story after story

priča za pričom, jedna za drugom,

of young people, my people, people like me

o mladim ljudima, mojim ljudima, ljudima kao što sam ja

dying out there on the ocean, right now, laying at the bottom of the ocean,

koji umiru tamo na okeanu, sada, ležeči na njegovom dnu,

serving as fish food.

kao hrana za ribe.

Do you really think that's the best we can do?

Zaista mislite da je to najbolje što možemo?

To serve as fish food?

Da budemo hrana za ribe?

And for those of them who are trying to migrate to Europe --

Što se tiče onih koji pokušavaju da migriraju u Evropu -

because that's what it is all about,

jer o tome se radi, pokušavaju da migriraju u Evropu da pronađu posao.

they are trying to migrate to Europe to find a job.

Prolaze kroz Libiju.

Going through Libya.

Do you know what happens to us when we're trying to cross through Libya

Da li znate šta se dešava sa nama dok pokušavamo da prođemo kroz Libiju

and we're trapped over there?

i tamo nas zarobe?

Well, we're being sold as slaves.

E, pa prodaju nas kao robove.

For 300 dollars, maybe sometimes 500 dollars.

Za 300 dolara, možda ponekad za 500.

Sometimes I hear stories of bodies that fall off an airplane.

Ponekad čujem priče o telima koja ispadnu iz aviona.

Somebody hid in the landing gear of a plane

Neko se sakrio u stajnom trapu aviona

or in the cargo section of a plane,

ili delu za teret,

and then you find them frozen to death.

i onda je pronađen smrznut nasmrt.

Wouldn't you be haunted if, like me, from the moment you were a little girl,

Zar ne biste bili opsednuti da, kao ja, otkad sam bila devojčica,

slušate ovakve priče i da se one ponavljaju, iznova i iznova?

you hear these stories and they keep repeating themselves,

over and over and over?

Zar ne biste bili opsednuti?

Wouldn't you be haunted?

That's my case.

To je moj slučaj.

And at the same time, you know, as my people are dying,

A u isto vreme, znate, dok moji ljudi umiru,

my culture is also dying.

i moja kultura izumire.

There, I said it.

Eto, rekla sam.

Because, you know, we have this culture inferiority,

Jer, znate, mi imamo kulturnu inferiornost,

which means that anything that comes from us is not good enough.

što znači da ništa naše nije dovoljno dobro.

But you know, in my situation,

Ali, znate, u mojoj situaciji,

and because I was raised to criticize by creating, it's Michelangelos.

jer sam vaspitana da kritikujem stvarajući, za mene su to remek-dela.

My father said, "Do not come to me with problems

Otac mi je rekao: „Nemoj mi se žaliti na probleme

unless you thought of a couple alternatives.

ako nisi smislila par rešenja.

They don't have to be right,

Ne moraju da budu prava, samo želim da znam da si nešto smislila.“

but I just want to know that you thought of something."

So, I have this attitude in life -- something is wrong, find a way to fix it.

Zato je moj životni stav - ako nešto ne valja, probaj da popraviš.

Zato i započinjem poslove koje započinjem,

And that's why I start the businesses that I start,

uglavnom potrošačke brendove

that's usually consumer brands,

that have embedded in them the very best of my African culture.

koji u sebi imaju ugrađeno najbolje od afričke kulture.

And what I do is it's all packaged, 21st century, world-class tendered,

I ja to sve zapakujem po najmodernijim, svetskim standardima,

and I bring that to one of the most sophisticated markets in the world,

i donosim na jedno od najsofisticiranijih svetskih tržišta,

which is the US.

a to je SAD.

First company was a beverage company,

Prva je bila kompanija pića,

second one is a skin care company, third one is launching next month,

druga kompanija za negu kože, treću pokrećem sledećeg meseca,

and they all have that in common.

i sve imaju to zajedničko.

So, why are these people leaving?

Pa, zašto ovi ljudi odlaze?

They're leaving because they have no jobs.

Odlaze jer nemaju posao.

They're leaving because where they are, there's no jobs.

Odlaze, jer tu gde su, nema poslova.

So ...

Pa...

But poverty, that's really striking them, is the root cause of why they're leaving.

Siromaštvo, koje ih jako pogađa, je glavni uzrok njihovog odlaska.

Now, why are people poor?

E sad, zašto su ljudi siromašni?

People are poor because they have no money.

Ljudi su siromašni jer nemaju novca.

A nemaju novca jer nemaju izvor prihoda.

You have no money because you have no source of income.

Većini nas, izvor prihoda je šta?

And for most of us, what is a source of income?

For most of us, what is our source of income, what is it, tell me?

Većini nas, izvor prihoda je šta, kažite mi?

Poslovi, hvala vam.

Jobs, thank you.

A odakle dolaze poslovi?

Where do jobs come from?

Come from where?

Odakle dolaze?

Businesses, thank you.

Od preduzeća, hvala vam.

Now, if jobs is what fixes poverty,

E sad, ako poslovi rešavaju siromaštvo,

and jobs come from businesses,

a oni dolaze od preduzeća,

don't you think --

zar ne mislite -

especially, they come from small and medium size enterprises, SMEs --

naročito dolaze od malih i srednjih preduzeća, MSP -

then don't you think, maybe for a second,

zar ne mislite, bar malo,

that we should focus on making it easy for a small-business person

da bi trebalo da se fokusiramo na pomoć vlasnicima malih preduzeća

to start and run their business?

da započnu i vode svoj biznis?

Don't you think that it makes sense?

Zar ne mislite da je to logično?

Why is it that when I look at the Doing Business index ranking

Zašto kada pogledam listu projekta Doing Business

of the World Bank,

Svetske banke,

that ranks every country in the world

koja rangira svaku zemlju na svetu

in terms of how easy or hard it is to start a company,

po tome koliko je lako u njoj osnovati kompaniju,

you tell me why African countries,

recite mi zašto su afričke zemlje,

all 50 of them,

svih 50 zemalja,

are basically at the bottom of that list?

praktično na dnu liste?

That's why we're poor.

Zbog toga smo siromašni.

We're poor because it is literally impossible

Siromašni smo jer je bukvalno nemoguće

to do businesses in these countries of ours.

započeti biznis u ovim našim zemljama.

But I'm going to tell you exactly what it means on the ground

Reći ću vam tačno šta to u praksi znači za nekog poput mene.

for someone like me.

Ja imam proizvodno postrojenje u Senegalu.

I have a manufacturing facility in Senegal.

Da li ste znali da za sav sirovi materijal koji ne mogu da pronađem u zemlji

Did you know that for all my raw material that I can't find in the country,

I have to pay a 45 percent tariff on everything that comes in?

moram da platim carinu od 45 procenata na svu robu koja pristiže?

Forty-five percent tariff.

Carinu od 45 procenata.

Do you know that, even to look for fine cardboard

Znate li da, čak i da tražim kvalitetan karton

to ship my finished products to the US,

da transportujem gotove proizvode u SAD,

I can't find new, finished cardboard?

ne mogu da nađem nov, gotov karton?

Impossible.

Nemoguće je.

Because the distributors are not going to come here

Jer distributeri neće da dođu ovde da započnu biznis, jer ni to nema smisla.

to start their business,

because it makes no sense, either.

So right now, I have to mobilize 3000 dollars' worth of cardboard

Tako da trenutno moram da prebacim karton vredan 3000 dolara u skladište,

in my warehouse, so that I can have cardboard,

kako bih imala karton,

and they won't arrive for another five weeks.

a neće stići za još pet nedelja.

Činjenica je da smo ograničeni najbesmislenijim zakonima.

The fact that we are stifled with the most nonsensical laws out there.

That's why we can't run businesses.

Zato ne možemo da vodimo preduzeća.

It's like swimming through molasses.

To vam je kao koprcanje u blatu.

So, what can you do about that?

Pa, šta možete preduzeti?

I told you today that someone said to me words that marked me,

Rekla sam vam danas da mi je neko rekao nešto što me je obeležilo,

because I explained the same thing to my employees in Senegal.

jer sam isto to objasnila svojim zaposlenima u Senegalu.

And one of them started crying -- her name is Yahara.

Jedna od njih je počela da plače - zove se Jahara.

She started crying.

Počela je da plače.

I said, "Why are you crying?"

Pitala sam: „Zašto plačeš?“

She said, "I'm crying because I had come to believe --

Rekla je: „Plačem jer sam bila ubeđena -

always seeing us represented as poor people --

jer smo predstavljeni kao siromašan narod -

I had come to believe that maybe, yes, maybe we are inferior.

bila sam ubeđena da smo možda, da, možda smo inferiorni.

Because, otherwise, how do you explain

Jer, kako biste inače objasnili

that we're always in the begging situation?"

to što smo uvek u situaciji da molimo?“

That's what broke my heart.

To mi je slomilo srce.

But at the same time that she said that,

U isto vreme kad je ona to rekla,

zbog toga kako sam objasnila ono što sam i vama upravo,

because of how I explained just what I explained to you,

she said, "But now, I know that I am not the problem.

rekla je: „Ali sada znam da nisam ja problem.

Problem je sredina u kojoj živim.“

It is my environment in which I live, that's my problem."

I said, "Yes."

Rekla sam: „Da.“

And that's what gave me hope --

I to mi je dalo nadu -

that once people get it, they now change their outlook on life.

onda kad ljudi shvate, mogu promeniti svoju perspektivu.

Here, what are some of our solutions, then?

Koja su onda neka od naših rešenja?

If jobs is a solution,

Ako su rešenja poslovi,

don't you think, then, that we should be simplifying

zar ne mislite onda da bi trebalo pojednostaviti

the business environment of all of these countries?

uslove poslovanja u svim ovim zemljama?

Don't you think?

Zar ne mislite?

And along with you,

I zajedno sa vama,

I would like for all of your friends from the other 50 countries

volela bih da svi vaši prijatelji iz drugih 50 zemalja,

that are on the bottom of that list to do the same thing.

koje su na dnu liste, urade to isto.

You do that, we do the rest of the job.

Vi uradite to, a mi ćemo ostatak.

Ja radim svoj deo posla, šta vi radite?

I'm doing my part of the game, what are you doing?

(Aplauz)

(Applause)

Šta vi radite?

What are you doing?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

What are you doing?

Šta vi radite?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And as for you, everybody here in this room,

Što se tiče svih vas ovde,

ostavljam vam dve naredbe.

I leave you with two marching orders.

Uključite se,

Get in the game,

a uradićete to tako što ćete se edukovati,

and the way you get in it is educate yourself,

build awareness around yourself,

podići svest oko vas,

and then also advocate for e-government solutions.

a zatim zastupati i rešenja E-Vlade,

He said, "Oh, corruption, how do we fight corruption?"

On je pitao: „Uf, korupcija, kako da se borimo protiv nje?“

Well, as a matter of fact, I'm here to tell you

E, pa, u stvari, tu sam da vam kažem

that yes, you can do it by the stroke of a pen.

da možete, i to munjevitom brzinom.

You do not need anyone to tell you when and how to do that.

Ne treba niko da vam kaže kada i kako da to uradite.

It is one thing, actually,

To je zapravo jedna stvar,

that you don't need to wait for anyone to do, so do it.

koju ne treba neko drugi da uradi umesto vas.

Otherwise, don't come and tell me that you want to fix corruption.

Inače, nemojte mi govoriti da želite da popravite korupciju.

You and your other 50 friends from the other 50 countries

Vi i vaših 50 prijatelja iz drugih 50 zemalja

that are at the bottom of that list.

koje su na dnu liste.

That's how you fight corruption.

Tako se bori protiv korupcije.

If you were only charging me 5 percent to get my stuff in the country,

Da ste mi naplatili 5 procenata da uvezem svoju robu u zemlju,

my raw material,

moj sirovi materijal,

instead of the 45 percent,

umesto 45 procenata,

zar stvarno mislite da bih morala da dam mito?

do you really think that I would have to go a pay a bribe?

That's what breeds corruption.

To hrani korupciju.

Bad laws, sets of horrible, nonsense laws.

Loši zakoni, niz užasnih, besmislenih zakona.

(Applause) (Cheers)

(Aplauz) (Ovacije)

Right?

Je li tako?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

You want to fight corruption?

Želite da se borite protiv korupcije?

That's what you do.

To treba da uradite.

And again, remember, you don't need to wait for anyone.

Još jednom, zapamtite, ne morate nikoga da čekate.

You can do that by yourself.

To možete da uradite i sami.

Osim ako možda mislite da nemate suverenitet,

Unless you're telling me that maybe you have no sovereignty,

ali to je neki drugi problem.

and that's a whole other problem.

OK, so, from here on, I have simple words for our "leaders."

Okej, od sada, imam jednostavnu poruku za naše „lidere“.

This can go two ways.

Ovo se može rešiti na dva načina.

It can go the nasty way,

Može na gadan način,

because we have hundreds of millions of young people

jer imamo stotine miliona mladih ljudi

coming to life right now, here,

koji dolaze na svet sada, ovde,

and if they don't have an outlook in life,

i ako ne budu imali perspektivu u životu,

they are going to go for a revolution.

opredeliće se za revoluciju.

They're going to go for violence.

Opredeliće se za nasilje.

And none of us wants that.

A niko to ne želi.

None, none of us.

Niko, niko od nas.

That's the one way it can go.

To je jedan način.

Or the second way it can go is,

Drugi način je da

all this happens peacefully, productively, and everything is good,

sve prođe mirno, produktivno, i da sve bude u redu,

and you do what you need to do, you get out of my way,

da uradite ono što treba, sklonite mi se s puta,

you let people like me do our job, we create all these jobs we need,

pustite ljude kao ja da rade svoj posao, mi stvorimo nužne poslove,

a zatim Afrika postane jedna veoma napredna zemlja

and then Africa becomes this very prosperous country

that it's designed to be, it should have been for a long time.

kakva je stvorena da bude, kakva je trebalo već dugo da bude.

It happens like that, everybody's happy, we move on with our lives.

Ako se desi tako, svi su srećni, nastavljamo sa svojim životima.

It can happen in two ways --

Postoje dve opcije -

pick violence or you pick the calm, productive way.

izaberite nasilje ili miran, produktivan način.

I want the calm, productive way.

Ja želim ovo drugo.

None of us should ever, ever even try to think

Niko od nas ne treba čak ni da pomisli

about what else could happen if we don't go there.

šta bi se desilo ako ne pokušamo.

So, please.

Zato vas molim.

And the time has come.

Došlo je vreme.

This type of picture -- prosperity, happiness, human flourishing --

Ovakvu sliku - prosperiteta, sreće, ljudskog napretka -

that's what I see if we do our job.

tu sliku vidim ako uradimo svoj posao.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause) (Cheering)

(Aplauz) (Ovacije)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)