Why it's too hard to start a business in Africa -- and how to change it | Magatte Wade

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Connie Wu

Today, what I want to share with you is something that happened to me,

今天，我想和各位分享的， 是發生在我身上的事，

actually, around four weeks ago, it happened.

其實，發生的時間 就只是四週之前。

Words were said to me that I never thought I would ever hear it said to my face

有人當面對我說了一些話， 我從來不認為

會有任何人當面對我說出這種話。

by another human being.

And those words, they shattered my heart.

那些話讓我心碎。

And at the same time, they filled it with so much hope.

同時，那些話也讓 我的心中充滿了希望。

And the whole experience renewed my commitment

這段經驗讓我對於今天我來此

和大家分享的想法有了新的承諾。

to the idea that I came to share with you today.

You see, I tell everyone that I am a haunted person.

我告訴每一個人

我焦慮不安。

What haunts me is the impossible stories,

讓我焦慮的是荒謬的故事，

story after story after story after story

一個又一個又一個的故事，

of young people, my people, people like me

訴說著年輕人，我的同胞， 像我這樣的人，

dying out there on the ocean, right now, laying at the bottom of the ocean,

死在海洋上，屍體沉入海底，

現在成為魚類的食物。

serving as fish food.

Do you really think that's the best we can do?

你們真的認為我們只能這樣嗎？ 成為魚類的食物？

To serve as fish food?

And for those of them who are trying to migrate to Europe --

試圖要移民到歐洲的人—— 這就是他們的目的，

because that's what it is all about,

他們試圖穿過利比亞， 移民到歐洲找工作。

they are trying to migrate to Europe to find a job.

Going through Libya.

Do you know what happens to us when we're trying to cross through Libya

你們可知道， 當我們試圖橫越利比亞

卻被困在那裡時， 會發生什麼事嗎？

and we're trapped over there?

Well, we're being sold as slaves.

我們會被賣去做奴隸。

For 300 dollars, maybe sometimes 500 dollars.

只要 $300，有時 $500，就成交。

Sometimes I hear stories of bodies that fall off an airplane.

有時，我聽到的故事是說 有屍體從飛機上掉下來。

Somebody hid in the landing gear of a plane

有人會躲藏在飛機的起落架上，

or in the cargo section of a plane,

或是飛機的貨倉內，

and then you find them frozen to death.

最後凍死了。

Wouldn't you be haunted if, like me, from the moment you were a little girl,

如果你們從還是小女孩的時候，

就聽到這些故事， 一而再再而三地重覆發生，

you hear these stories and they keep repeating themselves,

難道不會跟我一樣焦慮不安嗎？

over and over and over?

你們不會焦慮不安嗎？

Wouldn't you be haunted?

That's my case.

那就是我的情況。

And at the same time, you know, as my people are dying,

當我的同胞正在一個個消失的同時， 我的文化也正步入滅亡。

my culture is also dying.

There, I said it.

好了，我說出來了。

Because, you know, we have this culture inferiority,

因為，我們有種文化自卑感，

which means that anything that comes from us is not good enough.

意思就是說，我們的 任何東西都不夠好。

But you know, in my situation,

但，在我的情況，

and because I was raised to criticize by creating, it's Michelangelos.

因我被教導要用 有創意的方式來批評，

很米開朗基羅式。

My father said, "Do not come to me with problems

我父親說：「如果 你要帶著問題來找我，

unless you thought of a couple alternatives.

你就要先想出些替代方案。

They don't have to be right,

不一定要是對的， 但我要知道你有想出東西來。」

but I just want to know that you thought of something."

所以我的人生態度就是——

So, I have this attitude in life -- something is wrong, find a way to fix it.

出錯了，就想方法來補救它。

那就是為什麼我創立了我的事業，

And that's why I start the businesses that I start,

通常是消費者品牌，

that's usually consumer brands,

that have embedded in them the very best of my African culture.

都會內建有我的非洲文化的精華。

And what I do is it's all packaged, 21st century, world-class tendered,

我所做的是包成套裝， 21 世紀，世界級呈現，

and I bring that to one of the most sophisticated markets in the world,

且我把它帶進世界上 最複雜的市場之一，

which is the US.

美國。

First company was a beverage company,

第一間公司是飲料公司，

second one is a skin care company, third one is launching next month,

第二間公司是皮膚照護公司， 第三間下個月就會上路，

and they all have that in common.

它們都有那樣的共同點。

So, why are these people leaving?

所以，為什麼這些人會離開？

They're leaving because they have no jobs.

他們離開是因為

他們沒有工作。

他們離開是因為 他們所在的地方沒有工作。

They're leaving because where they are, there's no jobs.

So ...

所以……

But poverty, that's really striking them, is the root cause of why they're leaving.

但貧困才是真正打擊他們，

讓他們離開的根本原因。

Now, why are people poor?

為什麼有人會貧窮？

貧窮是因為沒有錢。

People are poor because they have no money.

沒有錢是因為沒有收入來源。

You have no money because you have no source of income.

對大部分人來說， 收入的來源是什麼？

And for most of us, what is a source of income?

For most of us, what is our source of income, what is it, tell me?

對大部分人來說， 收入的來源是什麼？告訴我。

工作，謝謝。

Jobs, thank you.

Where do jobs come from?

工作從哪裡來？

Come from where?

從哪裡來？

Businesses, thank you.

企業，謝謝。

Now, if jobs is what fixes poverty,

如果工作能夠解決貧困問題，

and jobs come from businesses,

且工作來自企業，

don't you think --

難道你們不認為——

especially, they come from small and medium size enterprises, SMEs --

且工作主要是來自中小型企業——

then don't you think, maybe for a second,

你們不認為，至少閃過這個念頭，

that we should focus on making it easy for a small-business person

我們應該要專注讓小企業的人更容易

創業和經營他們的企業？

to start and run their business?

Don't you think that it makes sense?

這樣不是很合理嗎？

Why is it that when I look at the Doing Business index ranking

為什麼當我看到

世界銀行的經商指數排名，

of the World Bank,

that ranks every country in the world

將全世界所有國家

依照成立公司的難易度來排名，

in terms of how easy or hard it is to start a company,

you tell me why African countries,

請告訴我，為什麼非洲國家，

all 50 of them,

全部五十個國家，

are basically at the bottom of that list?

排名基本上都吊車尾？

That's why we're poor.

那就是我們貧窮的原因。

We're poor because it is literally impossible

我們很貧窮是因為 在我們的這些國家裡

to do businesses in these countries of ours.

真的是不可能做生意。

But I'm going to tell you exactly what it means on the ground

但我要告訴你們，這對於我這樣的

一般人來說，有什麼意涵。

for someone like me.

I have a manufacturing facility in Senegal.

我在塞內加爾有個 製造廠。你們可知道，

Did you know that for all my raw material that I can't find in the country,

對於所有在國內無法找到的原料，

I have to pay a 45 percent tariff on everything that comes in?

我得要支付 45% 的關稅才能進口？

Forty-five percent tariff.

45% 的關稅。

Do you know that, even to look for fine cardboard

你們是否知道， 即使要找好的硬紙板，

to ship my finished products to the US,

來把我製造出來的成品 運送到美國，

I can't find new, finished cardboard?

我也找不到新的、做好的硬紙板？

Impossible.

不可能。

Because the distributors are not going to come here

因為批發商不會來這裡營業，

to start their business,

because it makes no sense, either.

因為沒道理那樣做。

So right now, I have to mobilize 3000 dollars' worth of cardboard

所以現在我的倉庫得要動員 價值三千美元的硬紙板，

in my warehouse, so that I can have cardboard,

這樣我才有硬紙板可用， 且要等上至少五個星期才會到。

and they won't arrive for another five weeks.

法律荒謬到讓我們感到窒息。

The fact that we are stifled with the most nonsensical laws out there.

That's why we can't run businesses.

那就是為什麼我們無法經營企業。

It's like swimming through molasses.

感覺就像是游泳游過糖漿一樣。

So, what can you do about that?

所以，你們能怎麼做？

I told you today that someone said to me words that marked me,

我剛告訴過各位，有人對我 說了一些讓我難忘的話，

because I explained the same thing to my employees in Senegal.

因為我向我在塞內加爾的 員工解釋了同樣的道理。

And one of them started crying -- her name is Yahara.

其中一位員工開始哭泣， 她叫做雅哈拉。

She started crying.

她開始哭泣。我說： 「你為什麼要哭泣？」

I said, "Why are you crying?"

She said, "I'm crying because I had come to believe --

她說：「我哭的原因 是因為我漸漸相信——

always seeing us represented as poor people --

我們一直被當作可憐人——

I had come to believe that maybe, yes, maybe we are inferior.

我漸漸相信，

也許，是的， 也許我們真的比較劣等。

Because, otherwise, how do you explain

要不然要如何解釋

that we're always in the begging situation?"

我們總是處在乞求的 情境中，為什麼？」

That's what broke my heart.

那就是我心碎的原因。

But at the same time that she said that,

但就在她這麼說的時候， 我把剛才對你們說的解釋給她聽，

because of how I explained just what I explained to you,

她說：「現在我知道問題不在我。

she said, "But now, I know that I am not the problem.

我的問題在於我所處的環境。」

It is my environment in which I live, that's my problem."

I said, "Yes."

我說： 「是的。」

And that's what gave me hope --

那給了我希望——

that once people get it, they now change their outlook on life.

一旦人們能了解這一點， 他們就會改變對人生的觀點。

Here, what are some of our solutions, then?

那麼，我們有些什麼解決方案呢？

If jobs is a solution,

如果工作是種解決方案，

don't you think, then, that we should be simplifying

那麼，難道你們不覺得

the business environment of all of these countries?

我們應該簡化所有 這些國家的企業環境嗎？

Don't you think?

你們不覺得嗎？

And along with you,

除了你們之外，

I would like for all of your friends from the other 50 countries

如果你們有其他朋友 在這吊車尾的五十個國家中，

that are on the bottom of that list to do the same thing.

我也希望他們能做同樣的事。

You do that, we do the rest of the job.

你們做這些，剩下的交給我們。

I'm doing my part of the game, what are you doing?

我在做我的份，你們在做什麼？

（掌聲）

(Applause)

你們在做什麼？

What are you doing?

(Applause)

（掌聲）

What are you doing?

你們在做什麼？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And as for you, everybody here in this room,

至於在這間房間中的每個人，

I leave you with two marching orders.

我想留給你們兩項進軍令。

挽起袖子參與，而你參與的方式， 就是教育你自己，

Get in the game,

and the way you get in it is educate yourself,

在你自己的周遭建立起意識，

build awareness around yourself,

and then also advocate for e-government solutions.

接著，也要倡導 電子政府解決方案。

He said, "Oh, corruption, how do we fight corruption?"

他說：「喔，貪腐， 我們要如何打擊貪腐？」

Well, as a matter of fact, I'm here to tell you

事實上，我來這裡告訴各位

that yes, you can do it by the stroke of a pen.

是的，你可以很輕易辦到。

You do not need anyone to tell you when and how to do that.

你不需要任何人來告訴你 何時做、如何做。

It is one thing, actually,

其實，這件事

that you don't need to wait for anyone to do, so do it.

你並不需要等任何人，

就去做吧。

Otherwise, don't come and tell me that you want to fix corruption.

不然，就別來跟我說 你想要打擊貪腐。

You and your other 50 friends from the other 50 countries

你和你從那些從吊車尾的

五十個國家來的五十位朋友。

that are at the bottom of that list.

That's how you fight corruption.

那就是你對抗貪腐的方式。 因為貪腐會發生。

If you were only charging me 5 percent to get my stuff in the country,

如果我把東西，我的原料，

進口到國內只要收我 5%，

my raw material,

instead of the 45 percent,

而不是 45%，

你們真的認為我必須要 花錢去賄賂嗎？

do you really think that I would have to go a pay a bribe?

That's what breeds corruption.

貪腐就是這麼來的。

Bad laws, sets of horrible, nonsense laws.

不好的法律，

非常糟糕、無理的法律。

(Applause) (Cheers)

（掌聲）（歡呼）

Right?

對吧？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

You want to fight corruption?

你想要打擊貪腐？

That's what you do.

你就要這麼做。

And again, remember, you don't need to wait for anyone.

同樣的，切記， 你不需要等任何人。

You can do that by yourself.

你自己就能做到。

除非你告訴我，也許你沒有主權，

Unless you're telling me that maybe you have no sovereignty,

那就完全是另一個問題了。

and that's a whole other problem.

OK, so, from here on, I have simple words for our "leaders."

好，從這裡開始，

我有一些簡單的話 要給我們的「領導人」。

This can go two ways.

可能會發生的狀況有兩種。

It can go the nasty way,

可能會很糟。

because we have hundreds of millions of young people

因為我們有數億名年輕人

coming to life right now, here,

醒過來了，就在這裡，

and if they don't have an outlook in life,

如果他們沒有人生的展望，

they are going to go for a revolution.

他們將會選擇革命。

They're going to go for violence.

他們將會選擇暴力。

And none of us wants that.

沒有人希望如此。

None, none of us.

沒有人。

That's the one way it can go.

那是其中一種狀況。

Or the second way it can go is,

第二種可能的狀況是，

all this happens peacefully, productively, and everything is good,

這一切會以和平、 有生產力的方式發生，

一切都很好，

and you do what you need to do, you get out of my way,

你做你該做的， 你不要擋到我的路，

you let people like me do our job, we create all these jobs we need,

讓我們這樣的人盡本份， 我們就會創造出我們需要的工作，

接著非洲就會變成 非常繁榮的國家，

and then Africa becomes this very prosperous country

that it's designed to be, it should have been for a long time.

它本來就被設計是如此， 且很早以前就該一直是了。

It happens like that, everybody's happy, we move on with our lives.

就像那樣發生了，大家都快樂， 我們繼續過我們的生活。

It can happen in two ways --

可能會發生的狀況有兩種——

pick violence or you pick the calm, productive way.

選擇暴力，或選擇冷靜、 有生產力的方式。

I want the calm, productive way.

我想要後者。

我們都不應該試著去想

None of us should ever, ever even try to think

about what else could happen if we don't go there.

如果我們沒達成目標 會發生什麼事。

So, please.

所以，拜託。

And the time has come.

時候到了。

This type of picture -- prosperity, happiness, human flourishing --

這種景象——繁榮、 快樂、人類昌盛——

that's what I see if we do our job.

我認為若我們盡本份， 它就會實現。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause) (Cheering)

（掌聲）（歡呼）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）