Why it's too hard to start a business in Africa -- and how to change it | Magatte Wade

86,285 views ใƒป 2018-10-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyun Sang Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Today, what I want to share with you is something that happened to me,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
actually, around four weeks ago, it happened.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•ฝ 4์ฃผ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
00:19
Words were said to me that I never thought I would ever hear it said to my face
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
by another human being.
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00:28
And those words, they shattered my heart.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ ์ฐข์–ด๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
00:33
And at the same time, they filled it with so much hope.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:38
And the whole experience renewed my commitment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ €์™€
00:43
to the idea that I came to share with you today.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
You see, I tell everyone that I am a haunted person.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
What haunts me is the impossible stories,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—์„œ
์ œ ๋™ํฌ์ด์ž ์ œ ๋˜๋ž˜์ธ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด
00:56
story after story after story after story
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00:59
of young people, my people, people like me
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ต์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:04
dying out there on the ocean, right now, laying at the bottom of the ocean,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฅ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
serving as fish food.
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01:13
Do you really think that's the best we can do?
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:15
To serve as fish food?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ต์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด?
01:18
And for those of them who are trying to migrate to Europe --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
01:20
because that's what it is all about,
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:22
they are trying to migrate to Europe to find a job.
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์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:25
Going through Libya.
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๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
01:27
Do you know what happens to us when we're trying to cross through Libya
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘ ์˜ค๋„๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด
01:30
and we're trapped over there?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
01:32
Well, we're being sold as slaves.
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
For 300 dollars, maybe sometimes 500 dollars.
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300๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” 500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—๋„ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Sometimes I hear stories of bodies that fall off an airplane.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”๋ฝ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ๋“ค๋ ค์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Somebody hid in the landing gear of a plane
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์žฅ์น˜์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:51
or in the cargo section of a plane,
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์ง์นธ์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:52
and then you find them frozen to death.
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๋™์‚ฌ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Wouldn't you be haunted if, like me, from the moment you were a little girl,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:00
you hear these stories and they keep repeating themselves,
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02:02
over and over and over?
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์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์„ญ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:04
Wouldn't you be haunted?
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๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:05
That's my case.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
And at the same time, you know, as my people are dying,
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์ œ ๋™ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—,
02:10
my culture is also dying.
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์ €ํฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
There, I said it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Because, you know, we have this culture inferiority,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์€์—ฐ์ค‘์— ๋ฌธํ™” ์—ด๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:15
which means that anything that comes from us is not good enough.
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์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
But you know, in my situation,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
02:20
and because I was raised to criticize by creating, it's Michelangelos.
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๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
My father said, "Do not come to me with problems
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” "๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ํ›„์— ์˜ค๋ ด.
02:27
unless you thought of a couple alternatives.
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02:29
They don't have to be right,
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์˜ณ์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด๋„
02:31
but I just want to know that you thought of something."
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๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹จ๋‹ค."
02:33
So, I have this attitude in life -- something is wrong, find a way to fix it.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์น  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด์—์š”.
02:37
And that's why I start the businesses that I start,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:40
that's usually consumer brands,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:41
that have embedded in them the very best of my African culture.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์ œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
And what I do is it's all packaged, 21st century, world-class tendered,
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋งž์ถฐ ํฌ์žฅํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:49
and I bring that to one of the most sophisticated markets in the world,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
which is the US.
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02:56
First company was a beverage company,
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์ฒซ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์Œ๋ฃŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜€๊ณ ,
02:58
second one is a skin care company, third one is launching next month,
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:02
and they all have that in common.
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์ด๋“ค์—๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So, why are these people leaving?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๊ณ ๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:09
They're leaving because they have no jobs.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง์—…์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์— ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
They're leaving because where they are, there's no jobs.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ตญ์— ์ง์—…์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์— ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:15
So ...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
03:18
But poverty, that's really striking them, is the root cause of why they're leaving.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Now, why are people poor?
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
People are poor because they have no money.
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๋ˆ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜์ฃ .
03:29
You have no money because you have no source of income.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๊ธฐ์— ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์ฃ .
03:31
And for most of us, what is a source of income?
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
03:33
For most of us, what is our source of income, what is it, tell me?
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ญ๋‚˜๊ณ ์š”, ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:37
Jobs, thank you.
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์ง์—…, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Where do jobs come from?
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์ง์—…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:41
Come from where?
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
03:43
Businesses, thank you.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ฃ , ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Now, if jobs is what fixes poverty,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง์—…์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๊ณ 
03:50
and jobs come from businesses,
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์ง์—…์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:52
don't you think --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€,
03:53
especially, they come from small and medium size enterprises, SMEs --
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง์—…์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ์—,
03:57
then don't you think, maybe for a second,
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์ž ๊น ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”.
03:59
that we should focus on making it easy for a small-business person
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:04
to start and run their business?
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์„ธ์š”?
04:05
Don't you think that it makes sense?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
04:07
Why is it that when I look at the Doing Business index ranking
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€
04:10
of the World Bank,
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๋žญํ‚น์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„
04:11
that ranks every country in the world
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:14
in terms of how easy or hard it is to start a company,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฐฝ์—… ๋‚œ์ด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
you tell me why African countries,
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์™œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€
04:20
all 50 of them,
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50๊ฐœ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
04:21
are basically at the bottom of that list?
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ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ์ธ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:26
That's why we're poor.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
We're poor because it is literally impossible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
04:31
to do businesses in these countries of ours.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
04:34
But I'm going to tell you exactly what it means on the ground
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
04:37
for someone like me.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋งํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:38
I have a manufacturing facility in Senegal.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:40
Did you know that for all my raw material that I can't find in the country,
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์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์›๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:44
I have to pay a 45 percent tariff on everything that comes in?
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45%์˜ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:48
Forty-five percent tariff.
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๊ด€์„ธ๊ฐ€ 45%๋‚˜ ๋ผ์š”.
04:51
Do you know that, even to look for fine cardboard
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์™„์„ฑํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:53
to ship my finished products to the US,
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์ข‹์€ ์ƒ์ž์šฉ ๊ณจํŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
I can't find new, finished cardboard?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋‚˜์š”?
04:58
Impossible.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
04:59
Because the distributors are not going to come here
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋“ค๋„ ์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์— ์™€์„œ
05:01
to start their business,
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์ฐฝ์—…์„ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ์—
05:02
because it makes no sense, either.
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์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์•ˆํ•ด์š”.
05:04
So right now, I have to mobilize 3000 dollars' worth of cardboard
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์— 3,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณจํŒ์ง€๋ฅผ
05:07
in my warehouse, so that I can have cardboard,
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์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์„œ ๊ณจํŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ค˜์•ผํ•ด์š”.
05:09
and they won't arrive for another five weeks.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 5์ฃผ ํ›„์—๋‚˜ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์š”.
05:12
The fact that we are stifled with the most nonsensical laws out there.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜์š”.
05:17
That's why we can't run businesses.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
It's like swimming through molasses.
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์ •๋ง ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์—์š”.
05:21
So, what can you do about that?
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:26
I told you today that someone said to me words that marked me,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
because I explained the same thing to my employees in Senegal.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ,
05:33
And one of them started crying -- her name is Yahara.
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์ง์›๋“ค ์ค‘ ์•ผํ•˜๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ง์›์ด ์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
She started crying.
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์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
05:37
I said, "Why are you crying?"
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"์™œ ์šฐ๋ƒ?"๋ผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:38
She said, "I'm crying because I had come to believe --
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:42
always seeing us represented as poor people --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ ธ์„œ
05:44
I had come to believe that maybe, yes, maybe we are inferior.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
05:49
Because, otherwise, how do you explain
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•˜๋Š”
05:51
that we're always in the begging situation?"
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ƒ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—์š”."
05:54
That's what broke my heart.
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๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•„ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
But at the same time that she said that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋™์‹œ์—,
05:58
because of how I explained just what I explained to you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•˜์ž
06:00
she said, "But now, I know that I am not the problem.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ
06:03
It is my environment in which I live, that's my problem."
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๋˜์—ˆ๋„ค์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ค์š”."
06:06
I said, "Yes."
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์ €๋Š” "๋งž์•„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:08
And that's what gave me hope --
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฌ๋ง์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:10
that once people get it, they now change their outlook on life.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒฑ๋„๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์š”.
06:14
Here, what are some of our solutions, then?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:16
If jobs is a solution,
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์ง์—…์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
06:17
don't you think, then, that we should be simplifying
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ
06:20
the business environment of all of these countries?
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๊ธฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:23
Don't you think?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”?
06:24
And along with you,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
06:26
I would like for all of your friends from the other 50 countries
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์˜จ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:29
that are on the bottom of that list to do the same thing.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์คฌ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด์š”.
06:31
You do that, we do the rest of the job.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์„œ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:33
I'm doing my part of the game, what are you doing?
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€์š”?
06:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:37
What are you doing?
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๋ญ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?
06:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:40
What are you doing?
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๋ญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”.
06:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:43
And as for you, everybody here in this room,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
06:45
I leave you with two marching orders.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
Get in the game,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:48
and the way you get in it is educate yourself,
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:50
build awareness around yourself,
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์ž๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
06:52
and then also advocate for e-government solutions.
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์ „์ž ์ •๋ถ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
He said, "Oh, corruption, how do we fight corruption?"
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"๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:58
Well, as a matter of fact, I'm here to tell you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ํƒ์ƒ๊ณต๋ก ์œผ๋กœ
07:00
that yes, you can do it by the stroke of a pen.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
07:02
You do not need anyone to tell you when and how to do that.
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ํƒ์ƒ๊ณต๋ก ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:05
It is one thing, actually,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค.
07:07
that you don't need to wait for anyone to do, so do it.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:10
Otherwise, don't come and tell me that you want to fix corruption.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:13
You and your other 50 friends from the other 50 countries
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ 50๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆœ์œ„์—
07:16
that are at the bottom of that list.
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์†ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด
07:18
That's how you fight corruption.
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๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
If you were only charging me 5 percent to get my stuff in the country,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์›๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ 5%๋งŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
07:23
my raw material,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 45%์˜
07:24
instead of the 45 percent,
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๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
07:26
do you really think that I would have to go a pay a bribe?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
07:28
That's what breeds corruption.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Bad laws, sets of horrible, nonsense laws.
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€, ๋”์ฐํ•œ, ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
(Applause) (Cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
07:37
Right?
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๋งž์ฃ ?
07:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:44
You want to fight corruption?
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๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”?
07:46
That's what you do.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:47
And again, remember, you don't need to wait for anyone.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:49
You can do that by yourself.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:51
Unless you're telling me that maybe you have no sovereignty,
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์ž์น˜๊ถŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ์—
07:54
and that's a whole other problem.
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์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:55
OK, so, from here on, I have simple words for our "leaders."
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ "์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค"์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:03
This can go two ways.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:06
It can go the nasty way,
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๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:07
because we have hundreds of millions of young people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ ์–ต๋ช…์˜
08:10
coming to life right now, here,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:13
and if they don't have an outlook in life,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
08:16
they are going to go for a revolution.
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ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:17
They're going to go for violence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํญ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:19
And none of us wants that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:21
None, none of us.
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„์š”.
08:22
That's the one way it can go.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—์š”.
08:24
Or the second way it can go is,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š”,
08:25
all this happens peacefully, productively, and everything is good,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‰ํ™”์ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
08:29
and you do what you need to do, you get out of my way,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:31
you let people like me do our job, we create all these jobs we need,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†จ๋‘๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:35
and then Africa becomes this very prosperous country
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋†”๋‘์„ธ์š”.
08:38
that it's designed to be, it should have been for a long time.
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ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ „์— ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์šด๋ช…์ด์—์š”.
08:41
It happens like that, everybody's happy, we move on with our lives.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:44
It can happen in two ways --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘
08:46
pick violence or you pick the calm, productive way.
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ํญ๋™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:49
I want the calm, productive way.
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์ €๋Š” ํ›„์ž๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
None of us should ever, ever even try to think
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋ผ๋„
08:53
about what else could happen if we don't go there.
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ํญ๋ ฅ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So, please.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ๋ฐœ ๋ถ€ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
And the time has come.
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๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
This type of picture -- prosperity, happiness, human flourishing --
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๋ฒˆ์„ฑ, ํ–‰๋ณต, ๋ฒˆ์˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
that's what I see if we do our job.
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09:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
(Applause) (Cheering)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
09:07
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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