Art that reveals how technology frames reality | Jiabao Li

80,367 views ・ 2020-04-06

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Tijana Ćopić Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:12
I'm an artist and an engineer.
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Ja sam umetnik i inženjer.
00:15
And lately, I've been thinking a lot about how technology mediates
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I u poslednje vreme sam često mislila o tome kako tehnologija utiče
00:21
the way we perceive reality.
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na način na koji doživljavamo stvarnost.
00:23
And it's being done in a superinvisible and nuanced way.
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I to se dešava na skoro neprimetan i pažljiv način.
00:29
Technology is designed to shape our sense of reality
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Tehnologija je dizajnirana da oblikuje naš smisao za realnost
00:32
by masking itself as the actual experience of the world.
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tako što se predstavlja da je sam naš doživljaj pravog sveta.
00:37
As a result, we are becoming unconscious and unaware
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Kao rezultat toga, mi postajemo nesvesni toga da se to uopše dešava.
00:42
that it is happening at all.
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Uzmite kao primer naočare koje ja obično nosim.
00:45
Take the glasses I usually wear, for example.
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00:47
These have become part of the way I ordinarily experience my surroundings.
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One su postale redovan deo mog doživljaja okruženja.
00:52
I barely notice them,
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Jedva i da ih primetim,
00:53
even though they are constantly framing reality for me.
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čak iako one sve vreme uokviruju stvarnost oko mene.
00:58
The technology I am talking about is designed to do the same thing:
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Tehnologija o kojoj govorim je dizajnirana da uradi upravo istu stvar -
01:02
change what we see and think
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da promeni način na koji vidimo i mislimo,
01:04
but go unnoticed.
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ali na neprimetan način.
01:07
Now, the only time I do notice my glasses
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Svoje naočare krećem da primećujem tek onda
01:11
is when something happens to draw my attention to it,
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kada mi neka promena njima privuče pažnju,
01:14
like when it gets dirty or my prescription changes.
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kao kada se uprljaju ili kada treba da menjam dioptriju.
01:18
So I asked myself, "As an artist, what can I create
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I tako sam se zapitala: „Šta ja, kao umetnik, mogu da stvorim
01:23
to draw the same kind of attention
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a da privučem istu vrstu pažnje
01:25
to the ways digital media -- like news organizations, social media platforms,
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na načine na koje digitalni mediji - kao što su novine, društvene mreže,
01:31
advertising and search engines --
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reklame i internet pretraživači -
01:34
are shaping our reality?"
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oblikuju našu stvarnost?“
01:36
So I created a series of perceptual machines
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I tako sam napravila niz perceptivnih uređaja
01:41
to help us defamiliarize and question
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koji bi nam pomogli da se otuđimo i zapitamo
01:45
the ways we see the world.
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zašto vidimo svet na određeni način.
01:48
For example, nowadays, many of us have this kind of allergic reaction
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Na primer, ovih dana kao da se svima javi nekakva alergijska reakcija kao odgovor
01:54
to ideas that are different from ours.
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na mišljenja drugačija od svojih.
01:57
We may not even realize that we've developed this kind of mental allergy.
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Možda čak i nismo svesni da nam se javlja ovakva mentalna alergija.
02:04
So I created a helmet that creates this artificial allergy to the color red.
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Zbog toga sam stvorila šlem koji pretvara ovu veštačku alergiju u crvenu boju.
02:10
It simulates this hypersensitivity by making red things look bigger
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On stimuliše ovu preosetljivost tako što čini crvene stvari većim nego što jesu
02:14
when you are wearing it.
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kada ga nosite.
02:16
It has two modes: nocebo and placebo.
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Postoje dva režima: nocebo i placebo.
02:21
In nocebo mode, it creates this sensorial experience of hyperallergy.
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U nocebu se stvara senzorni doživljaj hiperalergije.
02:26
Whenever I see red, the red expands.
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Kad god se vidi crvena boja, ona se proširi.
02:30
It's similar to social media's amplification effect,
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Slično je kao efekat pojačavanja koji se može videti na društvenim mrežama,
02:33
like when you look at something that bothers you,
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kao kada vidite nešto što vam smeta,
02:36
you tend to stick with like-minded people
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obično se držite osoba sa sličnim mišljenjem,
02:39
and exchange messages and memes, and you become even more angry.
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razmenjujete poruke i mimove, i postajete još više ljuti.
02:44
Sometimes, a trivial discussion gets amplified
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Ponekad se nebitna diskusija toliko preuveliča
02:47
and blown way out of proportion.
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i izvuče do neprepoznatljivosti.
02:51
Maybe that's even why we are living in the politics of anger.
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Možda i zato živimo u dobu mržnje.
02:56
In placebo mode, it's an artificial cure for this allergy.
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Placebo nam pruža veštačko rešenje za ovu alergiju.
03:00
Whenever you see red, the red shrinks.
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Kad god vidite crvenu boju, ona se smanji.
03:03
It's a palliative, like in digital media.
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To je lek za ublažavanje bolova, kao na društvenim mrežama.
03:06
When you encounter people with different opinions,
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Kada se susretnete sa ljudima drugačijih mišljenja,
03:09
we will unfollow them,
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uklonićete ih sa liste prijatelja,
03:10
remove them completely out of our feeds.
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skroz ćete ih se rešiti sa vaše naslovne strane.
03:14
It cures this allergy by avoiding it.
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Pruža nam lek za alergiju tako što je izbegava.
03:17
But this way of intentionally ignoring opposing ideas
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Ali ovo namerno ignorisanje suprotstavljenih mišljenja
03:22
makes human community hyperfragmented and separated.
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čini ljudsko društvo potpuno izdeljenim i razdvojenim.
03:27
The device inside the helmet reshapes reality
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Sprava unutar šlema preoblikuje stvarnost
03:30
and projects into our eyes through a set of lenses
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i projektuje se na naše oči preko sočiva
03:33
to create an augmented reality.
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kako bi stvorila uvećanu stvarnost.
03:35
I picked the color red, because it's intense and emotional,
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Izabrala sam crvenu boju zato što je žestoka i emotivna,
03:40
it has high visibility
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lako je vidljiva,
03:42
and it's political.
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i od političkog je značaja.
03:44
So what if we take a look
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Šta ako pogledamo
03:45
at the last American presidential election map
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poslednju mapu američkih predsedničkih izbora
03:48
through the helmet?
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kroz ovaj šlem?
03:49
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:50
You can see that it doesn't matter if you're a Democrat or a Republican,
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Vidite da nije važno da li ste demokrata ili republikanac,
03:54
because the mediation alters our perceptions.
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percepcija je svakako izmenjena.
03:58
The allergy exists on both sides.
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Alergija je prisutna na obe strane.
04:03
In digital media,
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Na digitalnim medijima,
04:04
what we see every day is often mediated,
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ono u šta gledamo svaki dan je oblikovano,
04:07
but it's also very nuanced.
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ali veoma suptilno.
04:09
If we are not aware of this,
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Ukoliko ovoga nismo svesni,
04:11
we will keep being vulnerable to many kinds of mental allergies.
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bićemo podložni mnogim mentalnim alergijama.
04:18
Our perception is not only part of our identities,
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Naša percepcija ne samo da je deo našeg identiteta,
04:22
but in digital media, it's also a part of the value chain.
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već je, unutar digitalnih medija, deo lanca vrednosti.
04:27
Our visual field is packed with so much information
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Naše vidno polje je toliko prepuno informacija
04:31
that our perception has become a commodity with real estate value.
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da je naša percepcija postala roba sa tržišnom vrednošću.
04:38
Designs are used to exploit our unconscious biases,
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Dizajnom se iskorišćavaju naše podsvesne predrasude,
04:41
algorithms favor content that reaffirms our opinions,
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algoritmi daju prednost sadržajima koji potvrđuju naša mišljenja,
04:45
so that every little corner of our field of view is being colonized
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te svaki ćošak našeg vidnog polja biva preplavljen
04:49
to sell ads.
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radi prodaje reklama.
04:51
Like, when this little red dot comes out in your notifications,
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Kao kada se ova crvena tačkica pojavi u vašim obaveštenjima,
04:55
it grows and expands, and to your mind, it's huge.
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ona raste i širi se, i vašem mozgu deluje glomazno.
05:00
So I started to think of ways to put a little dirt,
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Tako sam počela da smišljam načine da uprljam
05:03
or change the lenses of my glasses,
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ili promenim dioptriju svojih naočara,
05:06
and came up with another project.
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te sam smislila još jedan projekat.
05:09
Now, keep in mind this is conceptual. It's not a real product.
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Imajte na umu da je ovo samo ideja. Nije pravi proizvod.
05:13
It's a web browser plug-in
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To je priključak za internet pretraživače
05:15
that could help us to notice the things that we would usually ignore.
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koji bi nam pomogao da primetimo stvari koje bismo obično ignorisali.
05:20
Like the helmet, the plug-in reshapes reality,
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Isto kao šlem, ovaj priključak menja stvarnost,
05:24
but this time, directly into the digital media itself.
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ali ovaj put to radi direktno unutar digitalnih medija.
05:29
It shouts out the hidden filtered voices.
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Otkriva nam glasove skrivene probirivanjem.
05:32
What you should be noticing now
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Ono što bi trebalo da primećujete
05:33
will be bigger and vibrant,
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biće sada veće i živahnije,
05:36
like here, this story about gender bias emerging from the sea of cats.
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kao ovde, priča o rodnim predrasudama koja izranja u moru članaka o mačkama.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:42
The plug-in could dilute the things that are being amplified by an algorithm.
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Ovaj priključak može da ublaži stvari koje algoritam preuveličava.
05:48
Like, here in this comment section,
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Na primer, u ovim komentarima,
05:50
there are lots of people shouting about the same opinions.
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mnogo ljudi glasno izlažu svoja mišljenja.
05:54
The plug-in makes their comments super small.
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Priključak čini njihove komentare mnogo sitnijim.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:58
So now the amount of pixel presence they have on the screen
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Sada je broj piksela koje zauzimaju na ekranu
06:03
is proportional to the actual value they are contributing to the conversation.
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jednak njihovom doprinosu razgovoru.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:16
The plug-in also shows the real estate value of our visual field
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Priključak takođe pokazuje tržišnu vrednost našeg vidnog polja
06:21
and how much of our perception is being commoditized.
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i koliko se tačno naša percepcija iskorišćava kao roba.
06:24
Different from ad blockers,
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Nije isto što i AdBlock,
06:26
for every ad you see on the web page,
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jer vam za svaku reklamu koju vidite na nekoj stranici
06:29
it shows the amount of money you should be earning.
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pokazuje koliko novca bi trebalo da zaradite na osnovu toga.
06:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:34
We are living in a battlefield between reality
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Mi živimo na bojnom polju između stvarnosti
06:36
and commercial distributed reality,
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i komercijalno raspodeljene stvarnosti,
06:39
so the next version of the plug-in could strike away that commercial reality
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pa bi nova verzija ovog priključka mogla da se reši te komercijalne stvarnosti
06:44
and show you things as they really are.
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i pokaže vam stvari onakve kakve jesu.
06:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:50
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:55
Well, you can imagine how many directions this could really go.
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Možete da zamislite u kojim bi sve pravcima ovo moglo da ode.
06:58
Believe me, I know the risks are high if this were to become a real product.
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Verujte mi, znam da bi bilo rizično kada bi ovo postalo pravi proizvod.
07:04
And I created this with good intentions
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Stvorila sam ovo sa najboljim namerama,
07:06
to train our perception and eliminate biases.
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kako bih osposobila našu percepciju i rešila se predrasuda.
07:10
But the same approach could be used with bad intentions,
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Međutim, isti pristup bi mogao da se iskoristi sa lošim namerama,
07:14
like forcing citizens to install a plug-in like that
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kao na primer, teranje stanovništa da instalira dati priključak
07:17
to control the public narrative.
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radi kontrole javnog mnjenja.
07:20
It's challenging to make it fair and personal
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Teško je napraviti ga pravednim i ličnim,
07:23
without it just becoming another layer of mediation.
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a da se ne pretvori u samo još jedan sloj medijacije.
07:27
So what does all this mean for us?
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Dakle, šta sve ovo znači za nas?
07:31
Even though technology is creating this isolation,
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Čak iako je tehnologija ta koja stvara ovu izolaciju,
07:34
we could use it to make the world connected again
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možemo da je iskoristimo kako bismo ponovo povezali svet
07:38
by breaking the existing model and going beyond it.
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tako što ćemo da prevaziđemo postojeći model.
07:42
By exploring how we interface with these technologies,
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Istražujući način na koji uzajamno delujemo na tehnologiju,
07:45
we could step out of our habitual, almost machine-like behavior
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možemo da se oslobodimo našeg redovnog, skoro mašinskog, ponašanja
07:51
and finally find common ground between each other.
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i da konačno nađemo zajednički jezik.
07:54
Technology is never neutral.
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Tehnologija nije nikada nepristrasna.
07:57
It provides a context and frames reality.
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Ona nam obezbeđuje kontekst i oblikuje stvarnost.
08:00
It's part of the problem and part of the solution.
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Ona je deo problema, i deo rešenja.
08:03
We could use it to uncover our blind spots and retrain our perception
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Pomoću nje možemo otkriti slepe tačke, ponovo obučiti svoju percepciju,
08:09
and consequently, choose how we see each other.
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i stoga, izabrati način na koji vidimo jedni druge.
08:13
Thank you.
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Hvala.
08:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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