Art that reveals how technology frames reality | Jiabao Li

80,436 views ・ 2020-04-06

TED


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Prevoditelj: Vida Grujic Recezent: Sanda L
00:12
I'm an artist and an engineer.
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Umjetnica sam i inženjerka.
00:15
And lately, I've been thinking a lot about how technology mediates
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U posljednje vrijeme često mislim o tome kako tehnologija utječe
00:21
the way we perceive reality.
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na našu percepciju stvarnosti.
00:23
And it's being done in a superinvisible and nuanced way.
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I to se odvija na super nevidljivi i precizan način.
00:29
Technology is designed to shape our sense of reality
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Tehnologija je dizajnirana za oblikovanje našeg osjećaja stvarnosti
00:32
by masking itself as the actual experience of the world.
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pod krinkom stvarnog iskustva svijeta.
00:37
As a result, we are becoming unconscious and unaware
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Kao rezultat, nismo niti svjesni i zanemarujemo
00:42
that it is happening at all.
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da se to uopće događa.
00:45
Take the glasses I usually wear, for example.
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Za primjer uzmimo naočale koje obično nosim.
00:47
These have become part of the way I ordinarily experience my surroundings.
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Postale su dio mog uobičajenog iskustva okoline.
00:52
I barely notice them,
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Jedva da ih i primijetim,
00:53
even though they are constantly framing reality for me.
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bez obzira na to što stalno uokviruju moju stvarnost.
00:58
The technology I am talking about is designed to do the same thing:
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Tehnologija o kojoj govorim dizajnirana je za isto to:
01:02
change what we see and think
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promjenu onoga što vidimo i mislimo,
01:04
but go unnoticed.
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no bez da to primijetimo.
01:07
Now, the only time I do notice my glasses
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Svoje naočale primjećujem jedino
01:11
is when something happens to draw my attention to it,
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kada nešto na njih usmjeri moju pažnju,
01:14
like when it gets dirty or my prescription changes.
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kada se zaprljaju ili se moj recept promijeni.
01:18
So I asked myself, "As an artist, what can I create
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Upitala sam se: "Kao umjetnica, što mogu stvoriti
01:23
to draw the same kind of attention
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kako bih usmjerila istu vrstu pažnje
01:25
to the ways digital media -- like news organizations, social media platforms,
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na način na koji digitalni mediji -- kao novinske agencije, društveni mediji,
01:31
advertising and search engines --
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mehanizmi za pretraživanje i oglašavanje --
01:34
are shaping our reality?"
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oblikuju našu stvarnost?"
01:36
So I created a series of perceptual machines
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Izradila sam seriju percepcijskih uređaja
01:41
to help us defamiliarize and question
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koji će nam pomoći odmaknuti se i preispitati
01:45
the ways we see the world.
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načine na koje vidimo svijet.
01:48
For example, nowadays, many of us have this kind of allergic reaction
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Na primjer, mnogi od nas danas imaju vrstu alergijske reakcije
01:54
to ideas that are different from ours.
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na ideje koje se razlikuju od naših.
01:57
We may not even realize that we've developed this kind of mental allergy.
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Možda nismo ni primijetili da smo razvili ovu vrstu mentalne alergije.
02:04
So I created a helmet that creates this artificial allergy to the color red.
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Izradila sam kacigu koja ovu umjetnu alergiju označava crvenom bojom.
02:10
It simulates this hypersensitivity by making red things look bigger
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Simulira hiperosjetljivost tako da prividno čini crveno većim
02:14
when you are wearing it.
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kada je nosite.
02:16
It has two modes: nocebo and placebo.
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Ima dva načina: nocebo i placebo.
02:21
In nocebo mode, it creates this sensorial experience of hyperallergy.
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U načinu nocebo, stvara osjetilno iskustvo hiperalergije.
02:26
Whenever I see red, the red expands.
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Kad god vidim crveno, ono se proširi.
02:30
It's similar to social media's amplification effect,
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Slično je efektu pojačavanja na društvenim medijima,
02:33
like when you look at something that bothers you,
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kao kad vidite nešto što vam smeta,
02:36
you tend to stick with like-minded people
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obično se priklanjate istomišljenicima
02:39
and exchange messages and memes, and you become even more angry.
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i razmjenjujete poruke i memove, postajući sve ljući.
02:44
Sometimes, a trivial discussion gets amplified
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Ponekad se beznačajna rasprava pojača
02:47
and blown way out of proportion.
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i raširi preko svake mjere.
02:51
Maybe that's even why we are living in the politics of anger.
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Možda je to i razlog što živimo politiku bijesa.
02:56
In placebo mode, it's an artificial cure for this allergy.
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U načinu placebo, tu je umjetni lijek za ovu alergiju.
03:00
Whenever you see red, the red shrinks.
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Kada god vidite crveno, ono se smanjuje.
03:03
It's a palliative, like in digital media.
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Palijativno je, kao digitalni mediji.
03:06
When you encounter people with different opinions,
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Kad susretnete ljude različitog mišljenja,
03:09
we will unfollow them,
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prestat ćete ih pratiti,
03:10
remove them completely out of our feeds.
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potpuno ih ukloniti iz svojih novosti.
03:14
It cures this allergy by avoiding it.
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Liječi alergiju izbjegavajući je.
03:17
But this way of intentionally ignoring opposing ideas
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Ovakvo namjerno ignoriranje suprotnih ideja
03:22
makes human community hyperfragmented and separated.
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ljudsku zajednicu čini hiperfragmentiranom i razdvojenom.
03:27
The device inside the helmet reshapes reality
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Uređaj u kacigi mijenja oblik stvarnosti
03:30
and projects into our eyes through a set of lenses
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i projektira ga na naše oči putem kompleta leća
03:33
to create an augmented reality.
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te stvara proširenu stvarnost.
03:35
I picked the color red, because it's intense and emotional,
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Crvenu sam odabrala zbog njezinog intenziteta i emocije,
03:40
it has high visibility
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vrlo je vidljiva
03:42
and it's political.
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i politička je.
03:44
So what if we take a look
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Što ako pogledamo
03:45
at the last American presidential election map
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mapu posljednjih američkih predsjedničkih izbora
03:48
through the helmet?
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kroz kacigu?
03:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:50
You can see that it doesn't matter if you're a Democrat or a Republican,
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Vidjet ćete da nije važno jeste li demokrat ili republikanac
03:54
because the mediation alters our perceptions.
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jer medijacija mijenja naša shvaćanja.
03:58
The allergy exists on both sides.
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Alergija postoji s obje strane.
04:03
In digital media,
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U digitalnim medijima,
04:04
what we see every day is often mediated,
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ono što vidimo svaki dan često je posredovano,
04:07
but it's also very nuanced.
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ali i vrlo nijansirano.
04:09
If we are not aware of this,
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Ako toga nismo svjesni,
04:11
we will keep being vulnerable to many kinds of mental allergies.
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i dalje ćemo biti osjetljivi na mnoge mentalne alergije.
04:18
Our perception is not only part of our identities,
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Naša percepcija nije samo dio našeg identiteta,
04:22
but in digital media, it's also a part of the value chain.
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u digitalnim medijima ona je i dio lanca vrijednosti.
04:27
Our visual field is packed with so much information
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Naše je vizualno polje prepunjeno tolikim informacijama
04:31
that our perception has become a commodity with real estate value.
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i naša je percepcija postala proizvod s vrijednošću nekretnine.
04:38
Designs are used to exploit our unconscious biases,
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Dizajnima se iskorištavaju naše nesvjesne pristranosti,
04:41
algorithms favor content that reaffirms our opinions,
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algoritmi favoriziraju sadržaj koji potvrđuje naše mišljenje,
04:45
so that every little corner of our field of view is being colonized
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a svaki mali kutak našeg vidnog polja kolonizira se
04:49
to sell ads.
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za prodaju oglasa.
04:51
Like, when this little red dot comes out in your notifications,
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Kao kada se crvena točkica pojavi u vašim obavijestima,
04:55
it grows and expands, and to your mind, it's huge.
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raste i širi se, što je za vaš um ogromno.
05:00
So I started to think of ways to put a little dirt,
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Tako sam počela razmišljati o načinima prljanja
05:03
or change the lenses of my glasses,
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ili promjene leća na naočalama
05:06
and came up with another project.
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i dosjetila se novog projekta.
05:09
Now, keep in mind this is conceptual. It's not a real product.
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Imajte na umu da je ovo samo koncept. Nije pravi proizvod.
05:13
It's a web browser plug-in
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Radi se o programskom dodatku za pretraživač
05:15
that could help us to notice the things that we would usually ignore.
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koji bi nam pomogao primijetiti stvari koje inače ignoriramo.
05:20
Like the helmet, the plug-in reshapes reality,
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Kao kaciga, i dodatak mijenja oblik stvarnosti,
05:24
but this time, directly into the digital media itself.
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no ovaj put izravno, u samom digitalnom mediju.
05:29
It shouts out the hidden filtered voices.
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Izvikuje skrivene filtrirane glasove.
05:32
What you should be noticing now
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Ono što bismo trebali primijetiti
05:33
will be bigger and vibrant,
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postajat će veće i jače,
05:36
like here, this story about gender bias emerging from the sea of cats.
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kao u ovoj priči o pristranosti na temelju spola koja se pojavljuje u moru mačaka.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:42
The plug-in could dilute the things that are being amplified by an algorithm.
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Programski dodatak može razrijediti sve što algoritam pojačava.
05:48
Like, here in this comment section,
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U ovom odjeljku s komentarima,
05:50
there are lots of people shouting about the same opinions.
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mnogo se ljudi nadvikuje o istim mišljenjima.
05:54
The plug-in makes their comments super small.
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Dodatak će njihove komentare učiniti super malima.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:58
So now the amount of pixel presence they have on the screen
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Sada je količina piksela koje imaju na zaslonu
06:03
is proportional to the actual value they are contributing to the conversation.
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proporcionalna stvarnoj vrijednosti kojom doprinose razgovoru.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:11
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:16
The plug-in also shows the real estate value of our visual field
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Dodatak pokazuje i vrijednost nekretnine našeg vidnog polja
06:21
and how much of our perception is being commoditized.
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i koliko se naše percepcije pojednostavljuju.
06:24
Different from ad blockers,
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Za razliku od blokatora oglasa,
06:26
for every ad you see on the web page,
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za svaki oglas koji vidite na web stranici
06:29
it shows the amount of money you should be earning.
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prikazuje se iznos novca koji biste trebali zarađivati.
06:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:34
We are living in a battlefield between reality
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Živimo na bojištu između stvarnosti
06:36
and commercial distributed reality,
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i komercijalno raspoređene stvarnosti,
06:39
so the next version of the plug-in could strike away that commercial reality
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a sljedeća verzija dodatka mogla bi ukloniti tu komercijalnu stvarnost
06:44
and show you things as they really are.
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i pokazati vam stvari kakvima zaista jesu.
06:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:50
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:55
Well, you can imagine how many directions this could really go.
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Možete zamisliti u koliko bi smjerova ovo moglo ići.
06:58
Believe me, I know the risks are high if this were to become a real product.
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Vjerujte mi, znam da je rizik velik za pretvaranje ovoga u stvarni proizvod.
07:04
And I created this with good intentions
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I ovo sam stvorila s dobrim namjerama
07:06
to train our perception and eliminate biases.
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za treniranje naše svijesti i uklanjanje pristranosti.
07:10
But the same approach could be used with bad intentions,
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No isti pristup može se koristiti i s lošim namjerama,
07:14
like forcing citizens to install a plug-in like that
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kao što je prisiljavanje građana da instaliraju takav dodatak
07:17
to control the public narrative.
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kako bi se kontroliralo javno mnijenje.
07:20
It's challenging to make it fair and personal
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Izazov je napraviti ga poštenim i osobnim
07:23
without it just becoming another layer of mediation.
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bez da postane samo još jedan sloj medijacije.
07:27
So what does all this mean for us?
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Što onda to sve znači za nas?
07:31
Even though technology is creating this isolation,
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Iako tehnologija stvara izolaciju,
07:34
we could use it to make the world connected again
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mogli bismo je koristiti za ponovno povezivanje svijeta
07:38
by breaking the existing model and going beyond it.
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rušenjem postojećeg modela i rastom iznad njega.
07:42
By exploring how we interface with these technologies,
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Istražujući načine na koje se povezujemo ovim tehnologijama,
07:45
we could step out of our habitual, almost machine-like behavior
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možemo izaći iz našeg uobičajenog, skoro robotskog ponašanja
07:51
and finally find common ground between each other.
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i konačno pronaći zajedničko tlo jedni s drugima.
07:54
Technology is never neutral.
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Tehnologija nikad nije neutralna.
07:57
It provides a context and frames reality.
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Daje kontekst i uokviruje stvarnost.
08:00
It's part of the problem and part of the solution.
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Dio je problema, ali i dio rješenja.
08:03
We could use it to uncover our blind spots and retrain our perception
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Mogla bi se koristiti za otkrivanje mrtvih točaka i treniranje svijesti
08:09
and consequently, choose how we see each other.
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te posljedično, za odabir načina na koji vidimo jedni druge.
08:13
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
08:15
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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