How we can find ourselves in data | Giorgia Lupi

Prevodilac: Sonja Simijonovic Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

This is what my last week looked like.

Ovako je izgledala moja prethodna nedelja.

What I did,

Šta sam radila,

who I was with,

sa kime sam bila,

the main sensations I had for every waking hour ...

glavne osećaje koje sam imala svakog sata...

If the feeling came as I thought of my dad

Da li se osećanje pojavilo dok sam razmišljala o tati

who recently passed away,

koji je skoro preminuo,

or if I could have just definitely avoided the worries and anxieties.

ili sam definitivno mogla da izbegnem brige i nervozu.

And if you think I'm a little obsessive,

Ako mislite da sam pomalo opsesivna,

you're probably right.

verovatno ste u pravu.

But clearly, from this visualization,

Ali jasno je da iz ove vizuelizacije

you can learn much more about me than from this other one,

možete saznati mnogo više o meni nego iz ove druge,

which are images you're probably more familiar with

gde se nalaze slike koje su vam verovatno poznatije

and which you possibly even have on your phone right now.

i koje možda čak imate na telefonu ovog trenutka.

Bar charts for the steps you walked,

Dijagrami za korake koje ste napravili,

pie charts for the quality of your sleep --

kružni grafikoni za kvalitet vašeg sna -

the path of your morning runs.

putanja kojom trčite ujutru.

In my day job, I work with data.

U svakodnevnom poslu bavim se podacima.

I run a data visualization design company,

Vodim kompaniju koja se bavi vizuelizacijom podataka

and we design and develop ways to make information accessible

gde dizajniramo i razvijamo načine da informacije postanu dostupne

through visual representations.

putem vizuelnih reprezentacija.

What my job has taught me over the years

Posao me je za sve ove godine naučio da,

is that to really understand data and their true potential,

kako bismo zaista razumeli podatke i njihov pravi potencijal,

sometimes we actually have to forget about them

ponekad zapravo treba da zaboravimo na njih

and see through them instead.

i umesto toga gledamo kroz njih,

Because data are always just a tool we use to represent reality.

jer podaci su uvek samo oruđe kojim predstavljamo stvarnost.

They're always used as a placeholder for something else,

Uvek se koriste kao oznaka za nešto,

but they are never the real thing.

ali sami nikad nisu to nešto.

But let me step back for a moment

Ali dozvolite mi da se vratim za časak,

to when I first understood this personally.

na trenutak kada sam lično došla do ovog saznanja.

In 1994, I was 13 years old.

Godine 1994. imala sam 13 godina.

I was a teenager in Italy.

Bila sam tinejdžerka u Italiji.

I was too young to be interested in politics,

Bila sam premlada da bi me zanimala politika,

but I knew that a businessman, Silvio Berlusconi,

ali sam znala da se jedan biznismen, Silvio Berluskoni,

was running for president for the moderate right.

kandiduje za predsednika u ime umerene desnice.

We lived in a very liberal town,

Živeli smo u jako liberalnom gradu,

and my father was a politician for the Democratic Party.

i moj otac je bio političar u Demokratskoj partiji.

And I remember that no one thought that Berlusconi could get elected --

Sećam se da niko nije mislio da bi Berluskoni mogao biti izabran -

that was totally not an option.

to uopšte nije bila opcija.

But it happened.

Ali se desilo.

And I remember the feeling very vividly.

Sećam se tog osećanja veoma jasno.

It was a complete surprise,

Bilo je to potpuno iznenađenje,

as my dad promised that in my town he knew nobody who voted for him.

pošto se moj tata zakleo da u našem gradu ne zna nikoga ko je glasao za njega.

This was the first time

Bio je to prvi put

when the data I had gave me a completely distorted image of reality.

da su mi podaci koje sam imala stvorili iskrivljenu sliku stvarnosti.

My data sample was actually pretty limited and skewed,

Moj uzorak bio je zapravo poprilično ograničen i iskrivljen,

so probably it was because of that, I thought, I lived in a bubble,

pa sam verovatno zbog toga, kako sam mislila, živela u mehuru

and I didn't have enough chances to see outside of it.

i nisam imala dovoljno prilike da pogledam izvan njega.

Now, fast-forward to November 8, 2016

Vratimo se sada na osmi novembar 2016,

in the United States.

u Sjedinjenim Državama.

The internet polls,

Ankete na internetu,

statistical models,

statistički modeli,

all the pundits agreeing on a possible outcome for the presidential election.

svi stručnjaci složni u vezi sa mogućim rezultatom predsedničkih izbora.

It looked like we had enough information this time,

Izgledalo je kao da sada imamo dovoljno informacija,

and many more chances to see outside the closed circle we lived in --

i mnogo više mogućnosti da provirimo izvan zatvorenog kruga u kom živimo -

but we clearly didn't.

ali očigledno nismo.

The feeling felt very familiar.

Osećanje mi je bilo veoma poznato.

I had been there before.

Već sam to iskusila.

I think it's fair to say the data failed us this time --

Mislim da je fer reći da su nas ovog puta podaci izneverili -

and pretty spectacularly.

i to spektakularno.

We believed in data,

Verovali smo u podatke,

but what happened,

ali šta se desilo,

even with the most respected newspaper,

čak i u najpoštovanijim novinama,

is that the obsession to reduce everything to two simple percentage numbers

je to da nas je opsesija da sve svedemo na dva prosta postotka,

to make a powerful headline

da napravimo moćan naslov,

made us focus on these two digits

naterala da se fokusiramo na te dve brojke,

and them alone.

i samo na njih.

In an effort to simplify the message

U pokušaju da se poruka pojednostavi

and draw a beautiful, inevitable red and blue map,

i da se iscrta lepa, neizbežna crveno-plava mapa,

we lost the point completely.

poenta se potpuno izgubila.

We somehow forgot that there were stories --

Nekako smo zaboravili da postoje priče -

stories of human beings behind these numbers.

priče o ljudskim bićima iza svih tih brojeva.

In a different context,

U drugom kontekstu,

but to a very similar point,

ali sa vrlo sličnom porukom,

a peculiar challenge was presented to my team by this woman.

ova žena postavila je mom timu veoma čudan izazov.

She came to us with a lot of data,

Došla nam je sa gomilom podataka,

but ultimately she wanted to tell one of the most humane stories possible.

ali je na kraju želela da ispriča jednu od najhumanijih priča.

She's Samantha Cristoforetti.

Ona je Samanta Kristoforeti.

She has been the first Italian woman astronaut,

Bila je prva italijanska žena astronaut,

and she contacted us before being launched

i kontaktirala nas je pre lansiranja

on a six-month-long expedition to the International Space Station.

na šestomesečnu ekspediciju na Međunarodnoj svemirskoj stanici.

She told us, "I'm going to space,

Rekla nam je: „Idem u svemir

and I want to do something meaningful with the data of my mission

i želim da uradim nešto značajno sa podacima sa misije

to reach out to people."

kako bih se obratila ljudima.“

A mission to the International Space Station

Misiju u Međunarodnoj svemirskoj stanici

comes with terabytes of data

prate terabajti podataka

about anything you can possibly imagine --

o svemu što bi mogli zamisliti -

the orbits around Earth,

orbite oko Zemlje,

the speed and position of the ISS

brzinu i poziciju MSS

and all of the other thousands of live streams from its sensors.

i hiljade drugih informacija koje stalno dobijamo iz njenih senzora.

We had all of the hard data we could think of --

Imali smo sve sirove podatke koje smo mogli zamisliti -

just like the pundits before the election --

kao i stručnjaci pred izbore -

but what is the point of all these numbers?

ali šta je poenta svih tih brojeva?

People are not interested in data for the sake of it,

Ljude ne zanimaju podaci radi podataka,

because numbers are never the point.

jer suština nikada nije u brojevima.

They're always the means to an end.

Oni su uvek sredstvo do cilja.

The story we needed to tell

Priča koju je potrebno ispričati

is that there is a human being in a teeny box

je da postoji ljudsko biće u malenoj kutiji

flying in space above your head,

koje leti svemirom iznad vaše glave,

and that you can actually see her with your naked eye on a clear night.

i da je zapravo možete videti golim okom u vedroj noći.

So we decided to use data to create a connection

Tako smo rešili da iskoristimo podatke da bi napravili vezu

between Samantha and all of the people looking at her from below.

između Samante i svih ljudi koji je gledaju odozdo.

We designed and developed what we called "Friends in Space,"

Dizajnirali smo i razvili ono što nazivamo „Prijatelji u svemiru“,

a web application that simply lets you say "hello" to Samantha

internet aplikaciju koja vam prosto dozvoljava da Samanti kažete „zdravo“

from where you are,

sa mesta na kom ste,

and "hello" to all the people who are online at the same time

i „zdravo“ svim ljudima koji su onlajn u tom trenutku

from all over the world.

širom sveta.

And all of these "hellos" left visible marks on the map

Svi ovi pozdravi ostavili su vidljive tragove na mapi

as Samantha was flying by

dok je Samanta preletala iznad nas

and as she was actually waving back every day at us

i dok nam je zapravo otpozdravljala svakog dana

using Twitter from the ISS.

koristeći Tviter sa MSS.

This made people see the mission's data from a very different perspective.

Zbog ovoga su ljudi videli podatke misije iz veoma drugačije perspektive.

It all suddenly became much more about our human nature and our curiosity,

Odjednom se mnogo više radilo o ljudskoj prirodi i radoznalosti

rather than technology.

nego o tehnologiji.

So data powered the experience,

Dakle, podaci su pokrenuli iskustvo,

but stories of human beings were the drive.

ali pogon su bile priče ljudskih bića.

The very positive response of its thousands of users

Od jako pozitivne reakcije hiljada korisnika

taught me a very important lesson --

naučila sam vrlo bitnu lekciju -

that working with data means designing ways

rad sa podacima podrazumeva osmišljavanje načina

to transform the abstract and the uncountable

da se apstraktno i nebrojivo preobrazi

into something that can be seen, felt and directly reconnected

u nešto vidljivo, opipljivo i direktno povezano

to our lives and to our behaviors,

sa našim životima i ponašanjima,

something that is hard to achieve

nešto što je teško postići

if we let the obsession for the numbers and the technology around them

ako opsesiji prema brojevima i tehnologiji oko njih dozvolimo

lead us in the process.

da nas vode u tom procesu.

But we can do even more to connect data to the stories they represent.

Ali možemo uraditi još više da povežemo podatke sa pričama koje predstavljaju.

We can remove technology completely.

Možemo potpuno ukloniti tehnologiju.

A few years ago, I met this other woman,

Pre par godina upoznala sam ženu,

Stefanie Posavec --

Stefani Pozavek -

a London-based designer who shares with me the passion and obsession about data.

dizajnerku iz Londona koja sa mnom deli strast i opsesiju prema podacima.

We didn't know each other,

Nismo se poznavale,

but we decided to run a very radical experiment,

ali odlučile smo da izvedemo veoma radikalan eksperiment,

starting a communication using only data,

započeti komunikaciju služeći se samo podacima,

no other language,

bez ijednog drugog jezika,

and we opted for using no technology whatsoever to share our data.

i odabrale smo da ne koristimo nikakvu tehnologiju da bismo razmenjivale podatke.

In fact, our only means of communication

Zapravo, jedini način komunikacije

would be through the old-fashioned post office.

bio bi putem staromodne pošte.

For "Dear Data," every week for one year,

Za projekat „Dragi podaci“, svake nedelje u toku jedne godine

we used our personal data to get to know each other --

služile smo se ličnim podacima da upoznamo jedna drugu -

personal data around weekly shared mundane topics,

ličnim podacima o nedeljno predlaganim svakodnevnim temama,

from our feelings

počev od naših osećanja

to the interactions with our partners,

do interakcija sa našim partnerima,

from the compliments we received to the sounds of our surroundings.

od komplimenata koje smo dobijale do zvukova u našim okruženjima.

Personal information that we would then manually hand draw

Lične informacije bismo potom ručno iscrtavale

on a postcard-size sheet of paper

na papiru veličine razglednice

that we would every week send from London to New York,

koje bismo svake nedelje slale iz Londona u Njujork,

where I live,

gde ja živim,

and from New York to London, where she lives.

i iz Njujorka u London, gde ona živi.

The front of the postcard is the data drawing,

Prednja strana razglednice je crtež podataka,

and the back of the card

a zadnja strana

contains the address of the other person, of course,

sadrži adresu druge osobe, naravno,

and the legend for how to interpret our drawing.

i legendu za tumačenje crteža.

The very first week into the project,

Prve nedelje projekta,

we actually chose a pretty cold and impersonal topic.

odabrale smo poprilično hladnu i bezličnu temu.

How many times do we check the time in a week?

Koliko puta nedeljno proveravamo vreme?

So here is the front of my card,

Ovo je prednja strana moje razglednice,

and you can see that every little symbol

i možete videti da svaki mali simbol

represents all of the times that I checked the time,

predstavlja svaki put kada sam proverila vreme,

positioned for days and different hours chronologically --

raspoređen hronološki po danima i satima -

nothing really complicated here.

ništa previše komplikovano.

But then you see in the legend

Ali onda vidite u legendi

how I added anecdotal details about these moments.

da sam dodala duhovite detalje o ovim trenucima.

In fact, the different types of symbols indicate why I was checking the time --

U stvari, različiti simboli označavaju zašto sam proveravala vreme -

what was I doing?

šta sam radila?

Was I bored? Was I hungry?

Da li mi je bilo dosadno? Da li sam bila gladna?

Was I late?

Da li sam kasnila?

Did I check it on purpose or just casually glance at the clock?

Da li sam ga namerno proverila ili samo bacila pogled na sat?

And this is the key part --

Ovo je ključni deo -

representing the details of my days and my personality

prikazivanje detalja mojih dana i moje ličnosti

through my data collection.

kroz kolekciju podataka,

Using data as a lens or a filter to discover and reveal, for example,

koristeći podatke kao sočivo ili filter kako bih otkrila, na primer,

my never-ending anxiety for being late,

moju neprestanu nervozu povodom kašnjenja

even though I'm absolutely always on time.

iako uvek stignem na vreme.

Stefanie and I spent one year collecting our data manually

Stefani i ja smo godinu dana ručno sakupljale podatke

to force us to focus on the nuances that computers cannot gather --

da bismo morale da se fokusiramo na nijanse

koje kompjuter ne može da prikupi -

or at least not yet --

ili barem ne još -

using data also to explore our minds and the words we use,

koristeći podatke da istražimo svoje umove i reči koje koristimo,

and not only our activities.

a ne samo svoje aktivnosti.

Like at week number three,

Kao u trećoj nedelji,

where we tracked the "thank yous" we said and were received,

kada smo pratile reč „hvala“ koju smo izgovarale i primale

and when I realized that I thank mostly people that I don't know.

i kada sam shvatila da se uglavnom zahvaljujem ljudima koje ne poznajem.

Apparently I'm a compulsive thanker to waitresses and waiters,

Izgleda da se kompulsivno zahvaljujem konobaricama i konobarima,

but I definitely don't thank enough the people who are close to me.

ali se sigurno ne zahvaljujem dovoljno ljudima koji su mi bliski.

Over one year,

Tokom godinu dana,

the process of actively noticing and counting these types of actions

proces aktivnog primećivanja i brojanja ovih vrsta radnji

became a ritual.

postao je ritual.

It actually changed ourselves.

Zapravo nas je promenilo.

We became much more in tune with ourselves,

Postale smo mnogo usaglašenije sa sobom,

much more aware of our behaviors and our surroundings.

mnogo svesnije svojih ponašanja i okolina.

Over one year, Stefanie and I connected at a very deep level

Za godinu dana, Stefani i ja smo se povezale na jako dubokom nivou

through our shared data diary,

deljenjem naših dnevnika podataka,

but we could do this only because we put ourselves in these numbers,

ali to smo uspele samo jer smo uložile sebe u te brojeve,

adding the contexts of our very personal stories to them.

dodajući im kontekste naših veoma ličnih priča.

It was the only way to make them truly meaningful

Bio je to jedini način da ih pretvorimo u nešto zaista značajno

and representative of ourselves.

što bi predstavljalo nas.

I am not asking you to start drawing your personal data,

Ne tražim od vas da počnete da crtate svoje lične podatke,

or to find a pen pal across the ocean.

ili da nađete prekookeanskog prijatelja za dopisivanje.

But I'm asking you to consider data --

Ali tražim od vas da uzmete podatke u obzir -

all kind of data --

sve vrste podataka -

as the beginning of the conversation

kao početak razgovora,

and not the end.

a ne kraj.

Because data alone will never give us a solution.

Sami podaci nam nikada neće pružiti rešenje.

And this is why data failed us so badly --

Zato su nas podaci tako teško izneverili -

because we failed to include the right amount of context

zato što nismo dodali dovoljnu količinu konteksta

to represent reality --

da bi predstavili realnost -

a nuanced, complicated and intricate reality.

nijansiranu, komplikovanu i zapetljanu realnost.

We kept looking at these two numbers,

Uporno smo gledali u ta dva broja,

obsessing with them

opsednuti njima,

and pretending that our world could be reduced

praveći se da naš svet možemo svesti

to a couple digits and a horse race,

na par cifara i konjsku trku,

while the real stories,

dok su prave priče,

the ones that really mattered,

one koje su zaista bile važne,

were somewhere else.

bile negde drugde.

What we missed looking at these stories only through models and algorithms

Ono što nam je promaklo dok smo gledali te priče kroz modele i algoritme

is what I call "data humanism."

je ono što nazivam „humanizam podataka“.

In the Renaissance humanism,

U renesansnom humanizmu,

European intellectuals

evropski intelektualci

placed the human nature instead of God at the center of their view of the world.

smestili su ljudsku prirodu umesto boga u središte svog pogleda na svet.

I believe something similar needs to happen

Verujem da nešto slično treba da se desi

with the universe of data.

sa svetom podataka.

Now data are apparently treated like a God --

Podatke očigledno tretiramo kao boga -

keeper of infallible truth for our present and our future.

čuvara nepogrešne istine naše sadašnjosti i budućnosti.

The experiences that I shared with you today

Iskustva koja sam danas sa vama podelila

taught me that to make data faithfully representative of our human nature

naučila su me da, da bi podaci verno predstavljali ljudsku prirodu

and to make sure they will not mislead us anymore,

i da bismo se osigurali da nas neće ponovo obmanuti,

we need to start designing ways to include empathy, imperfection

moramo pronaći načine da uključimo empatiju, nesavršenstvo,

and human qualities

i ljudske kvalitete

in how we collect, process, analyze and display them.

u način na koji sakupljamo, obrađujemo, analiziramo i predstavljamo podatke.

I do see a place where, ultimately,

Vidim mesto gde ćemo na kraju

instead of using data only to become more efficient,

umesto da koristimo podatke samo radi bolje efikasnosti,

we will all use data to become more humane.

svi koristiti podatke kako bi postali humaniji.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)