The ethical dilemma of designer babies | Paul Knoepfler

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

So what if I could make for you

Šta kad bih mogao da vam napravim

a designer baby?

dizajniranu bebu?

What if you as a parent-to-be

Šta kad bi ste vi kao budući roditelj,

and I as a scientist decided to go down that road together?

i ja kao naučnik, odlučili da zajedno krenemo tim putem?

What if we didn't?

Šta ako ne bismo?

What if we thought, "That's a bad idea,"

Šta ako bismo mislili: "To je loša ideja",

but many of our family, friends and coworkers

ali mnogi iz naše porodice, naši prijatelji i kolege

did make that decision?

su doneli tu odluku?

Let's fast-forward just 15 years from now.

Premotajmo samo 15 godina unapred.

Let's pretend it's the year 2030,

Pretvarajmo se da je 2030. godina

and you're a parent.

i vi ste roditelj.

You have your daughter, Marianne, next to you,

Vaša kćerka Marijana je pored vas,

and in 2030, she is what we call a natural

a 2030. ona je ono što bismo nazvali prirodnim

because she has no genetic modifications.

jer nema genetske modifikacije.

And because you and your partner consciously made that decision,

A zato što ste vi i vaš partner svesno doneli tu odluku,

many in your social circle, they kind of look down on you.

mnogi iz vašeg društvenog kruga vas gledaju s nipodaštavanjem.

They think you're, like, a Luddite or a technophobe.

Smatraju vas luditom ili tehnofobom.

Marianne's best friend Jenna, who lives right next door,

Marijanina najbolja prijateljica Džena, koja živi u komšiluku,

is a very different story.

je potpuno druga priča.

She was born a genetically modified designer baby with numerous upgrades.

Rođena je kao genetski modifikovana dizajnerska beba s brojnim unapređenjima.

Yeah. Upgrades.

Da. Unapređenjima.

And these enhancements were introduced

A ova poboljšanja su uvedena

using a new genetic modification technology

upotrebom nove tehnologije za genetske modifikacije

that goes by the funny name CRISPR,

koja ima zabavno ime CRISPR,

you know, like something's crisp,

znate kao nešto "crisp" [sveže],

this is CRISPR.

ovo je CRISPR [svežije].

The scientist that Jenna's parents hired to do this

Naučnici, koje su Dženini roditelji unajmili da ovo urade

for several million dollars

za nekoliko miliona dolara,

introduced CRISPR into a whole panel of human embryos.

uveli su CRISPR u čitav niz ljudskih embriona.

And then they used genetic testing,

I koristili su genetska testiranja

and they predicted that that little tiny embryo, Jenna's embryo,

i predvideli da će taj sićušni embrion, Dženin embrion,

would be the best of the bunch.

biti najbolji iz gomile.

And now, Jenna is an actual, real person.

I sada, Džena je stvarna, prava osoba.

She's sitting on the carpet in your living room

Sedi na tepihu u vašem dnevnom boravku

playing with your daughter Marianne.

i igra se sa vašom kćerkom Marijanom.

And your families have known each other for years now,

Vaše porodice se poznaju godinama,

and it's become very clear to you

i prilično vam je jasno

that Jenna is extraordinary.

da je Džena izvanredna.

She's incredibly intelligent.

Veoma je inteligentna.

If you're honest with yourself, she's smarter than you,

Ako ćete da budete iskreni prema sebi, pametnija je od vas,

and she's five years old.

a pet joj je godina.

She's beautiful, tall, athletic,

Lepa je, visoka, atletske građe

and the list goes on and on.

i spisak je sve duži.

And in fact, there's a whole new generation

I zapravo imamo čitavu novu generaciju

of these GM kids like Jenna.

GM dece poput Džene.

And so far it looks like

I zasad se čini

they're healthier than their parents' generation,

da su zdraviji od generacije njihovih roditelja,

than your generation.

od vaše generacije.

And they have lower health care costs.

I imaju niže zdravstvene troškove.

They're immune to a host of health conditions,

Imuni su na veliki broj zdravstevnih stanja,

including HIV/AIDS and genetic diseases.

uključujući HIV/AIDS i genetske bolesti.

It all sounds so great,

Sve to zvuči sjajno,

but you can't help but have this sort of unsettling feeling,

ali ne možete a da ne osećate nespokoj,

a gut feeling, that there's something just not quite right about Jenna,

instinktivno osećanje da nešto prosto nije kako treba kod Džene

and you've had the same feeling about other GM kids that you've met.

i imali ste isti osećaj o drugoj GM deci koju ste upoznali.

You were also reading in the newspaper earlier this week

Takođe ste čitali u novinama ranije ove nedelje

that a study of these children who were born as designer babies

da istraživanje ove dece, koja su rođena kao dizajnirane bebe,

indicates they may have some issues,

nagoveštava da imaju neke probleme,

like increased aggressiveness and narcissism.

poput naglašene agresivnosti i narcisoidnosti.

But more immediately on your mind

Ali svežije su vam u mislima

is some news that you just got from Jenna's family.

neke vesti koje ste upravo čuli od Dženine porodice.

She's so smart,

Toliko je pametna

she's now going to be going to a special school,

da će sada pohađati specijalnu školu,

a different school than your daughter Marianne,

različitu školu nego vaša kćerka Marijana,

and this is kind of throwing your family into a disarray.

i to na neki način izbacuje vašu porodicu iz ravnoteže.

Marianne's been crying,

Marijana plače,

and last night when you took her to bed to kiss her goodnight,

a sinoć kad ste je uspavljivali i ljubili za laku noć,

she said, "Daddy, will Jenna even be my friend anymore?"

pitala je: "Tata, hoće li mi Džena uopšte više biti prijateljica?"

So now, as I've been telling you this imagined 2030 story,

Sad, kako sam vam pričao ovu zamišljenu priču iz 2030,

I have a feeling that I may have put some of you

imam osećaj da sam neke od vas smestio

into this sci-fi frame of reference. Right?

u naučnofantastični okvir. Je li tako?

You think you're reading a sci-fi book.

Mislite da čitate naučnofantastičnu knjigu.

Or maybe, like, in Halloween mode of thinking.

Ili, pak, razmišljate u smeru Noći veštica.

But this is really a possible reality for us,

Ali ovo je zaista naša moguća stvarnost,

just 15 years from now.

svega 15 godina od sad.

I'm a stem cell and genetics researcher

Ja sam istraživač matičnih ćelija i genetike

and I can see this new CRISPR technology

i razumem novu CRISPR tehnologiju

and its potential impact.

i njen potencijalni uticaj.

And we may find ourselves in that reality,

I možemo se zateći u toj stvarnosti

and a lot will depend on what we decide to do today.

i mnogo će zavisiti od toga šta odlučimo danas.

And if you're still kind of thinking in sci-fi mode,

A ako i dalje razmišljate u naučnofantastičnom smeru,

consider that the world of science had a huge shock earlier this year,

razmotrite da je svet nauke poprilično zatečen ranije ove godine,

and the public largely doesn't even know about it.

a javnost uglavnom pojma nema o tome.

Researchers in China just a few months ago

Istraživači iz Kine, pre svega nekoliko meseci,

reported the creation of genetically modified human embryos.

izvestili su da su stvorili genetski modifikovane ljudske embrione.

This was the first time in history.

Ovo se desilo prvi put u istoriji.

And they did it using this new CRISPR technology.

A postigli su to upotrebom nove CRISPR tehnologije.

It didn't work perfectly,

Nije savršeno funkcionisalo,

but I still think they sort of cracked the door ajar

ali i dalje smatram da su time odškrinuli vrata

on a Pandora's box here.

Pandorine kutije.

And I think some people are going to run with this technology

I mislim da će se neki ljudi voditi ovom tehnologijom

and try to make designer babies.

i pokušaće da dizajniraju bebe.

Now, before I go on, some of you may hold up your hands and say,

Sad, pre nego što nastavim, neki od vas će da podignu ruke i kažu:

"Stop, Paul, wait a minute.

"Stani, Pol, čekaj malo.

Wouldn't that be illegal?

Zar to ne bi bilo nezakonito?

You can't just go off and create a designer baby."

Ne možeš prosto da se zaputiš i stvoriš dizajniranu bebu."

And in fact, to some extent, you're right.

I zapravo ste donekle u pravu.

In some countries, you couldn't do that.

U nekim državama to ne možete da uradite.

But in many other countries, including my country, the US,

Ali u mnogim drugim državama, uključujući moju državu, SAD,

there's actually no law on this, so in theory, you could do it.

zapravo ne postoji zakon o ovome, pa u teoriji, mogli biste to da uradite.

And there was another development this year that resonates in this area,

A desio se još jedan razvoj ove godine koji se odrazio na ovu oblast,

and that happened not so far from here over in the UK.

a to se desilo nedaleko odavde, u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.

And the UK traditionally has been the strictest country

A Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je tradicionalno bila najstroža država

when it comes to human genetic modification.

kada se radi o genetskim modifikacijama ljudi.

It was illegal there,

Tamo je to bilo nezakonito,

but just a few months ago,

ali pre samo nekoliko meseci,

they carved out an exception to that rule.

napravili su izuzetak tom pravilu.

They passed a new law

Usvojili su novi zakon,

allowing the creation of genetically modified humans

koji dozvoljava stvaranje genetski modifikovanih ljudi

with the noble goal of trying to prevent a rare kind of genetic disease.

s plemenitim ciljem pokušaja da se spreče retki oblici genetskih bolesti.

But still I think in combination these events are pushing us

Ali i dalje smatram da nas kombinacija ovih događaja pomera

further towards an acceptance

sve bliže ka prihvatanju

of human genetic modification.

ljudskih genetskih modifikacija.

So I've been talking about this CRISPR technology.

Dakle, govorio sam o toj tehnologiji CRISPR.

What actually is CRISPR?

Šta je zapravo CRISPR?

So if you think about the GMOs that we're all more familiar with,

Pa, ako razmišljate o GMO koji nam je svima poznatiji,

like GMO tomatoes and wheat

poput GMO paradajza i pšenice

and things like that,

i sličnih stvari,

this technology is similar to the technologies

ova tehnologija je slična tehnologijama

that were used to make those,

koje koristimo da njih napravimo,

but it's dramatically better,

ali je drastično bolja,

cheaper and faster.

jeftinija i brža.

So what is it?

Pa, šta je to?

It's actually like a genetic Swiss army knife.

To je poput genetskog švajcarskog vojničkog noža.

We can pretend this is a Swiss army knife

Možemo da se pretvaramo da je to švajcarski nož

with different tools in it,

koji sadrži različite alate,

and one of the tools is kind of like a magnifying glass

a jedan od tih alata je nalik lupi

or a GPS for our DNA,

ili GPS za naš DNK,

so it can home in on a certain spot.

dakle, može da se smesti u određenoj tački.

And the next tool is like scissors

A sledeći alat je poput makaza

that can cut the DNA right in that spot.

koje mogu da seku DNK baš u toj tački.

And finally we have a pen

I naposletku imamo olovku

where we can literally rewrite the genetic code in that location.

kojom bukvalno možemo da nanovo ispišemo genetski kôd na toj lokaciji.

It's really that simple.

Zaista je tako jednostavno.

And this technology, which came on the scene just three years ago,

A ova tehnologija, koja se pojavila pre samo tri godine,

has taken science by storm.

iznenadila je nauku.

It's evolving so fast, and it's so freaking exciting to scientists,

Toliko brzo se razvija, i tako je prokleto uzbudljiva naučnicima,

and I admit I'm fascinated by it and we use it in my own lab,

i ja priznajem da me fascinira i koristimo je u našoj laboratoriji,

that I think someone is going to go that extra step

da mislim kako će neko da ode korak dalje

and continue the GM human embryo work

i da nastavi rad na genetskoj modifikaciji ljudskog embriona

and maybe make designer babies.

i možda će da naprave dizajnirane bebe.

This is so ubiquitous now.

Trenutno je to toliko sveprisutno.

It just came on the scene three years ago.

Tek se pojavilo pre tri godine.

Thousands of labs literally have this in hand today,

Trenutno hiljade laboratorija ovo bukvalno imaju pri ruci

and they're doing important research.

i bave se važnim istraživanjem.

Most of them are not interested in designer babies.

Većinu njih ne interesuje dizajniranje beba.

They're studying human disease

Izučavaju ljudske bolesti

and other important elements of science.

i druge važne elemente nauke.

So there's a lot of good research going on with CRISPR.

Dakle, mnogo se važnog istraživanja sprovodi CRIPR-om.

And the fact that we can now do genetic modifications

A činjenica da trenutno možemo da radimo genetske modifikacije,

that used to take years and cost millions of dollars

koje su nekad trajale godinama i koštale milione dolara,

in a few weeks for a couple thousand bucks,

za nekoliko nedelja za nekoliko hiljada dolara,

to me as a scientist that's fantastic,

meni kao naučniku je fantastična,

but again, at the same time,

ali opet, istovremeno,

it opens the door to people going too far.

otvara prostor ljudima da odu predaleko.

And I think for some people

I mislim da se neki ljudi

the focus is not going to be so much on science.

neće usredsređivati toliko na nauku.

That's not what's going to be driving them.

Neće ih nauka pokretati.

It's going to be ideology or the chase for a profit.

Pokretaće ih ideologija ili jurenje za novcem.

And they're going to go for designer babies.

I posegnuće za dizajniranjem beba.

So why should we be concerned about this?

Pa, zašto bi trebalo da budemo zabrinuti zbog ovoga?

We know from Darwin, if we go back two centuries,

Znamo od Darvina, ako se vratimo dva veka unazad,

that evolution and genetics profoundly have impacted humanity,

da su evolucija i genetika istinski uticali na čovečanstvo,

who we are today.

na to ko smo danas.

And some think there's like a social Darwinism at work in our world,

A neki smatraju da se dešava nešto poput društvenog darvinizma u našem svetu,

and maybe even a eugenics as well.

a možda čak i eugenika.

Imagine those trends, those forces,

Zamislite te trendove, te sile,

with a booster rocket of this CRISPR technology

sa raketnim pogonom ove CRISPR tehnologije

that is so powerful and so ubiquitous.

koja je toliko moćna i sveprisutna.

And in fact, we can just go back one century to the last century

I zapravo, dovoljno je da se vratimo jedan vek u prošli vek

to see the power that eugenics can have.

kako bismo videli moć eugenike.

So my father, Peter Knoepfler,

Moj otac, Piter Nofler,

was actually born right here in Vienna.

je rođen baš ovde u Beču.

He was Viennese, and he was born here in 1929.

Bio je Bečlija i rođen je ovde 1929.

And when my grandparents had little baby Peter,

A kada su moji baka i deka dobili malenu bebu Pitera,

the world was very different. Right?

svet je bio drugačiji. Je li tako?

It was a different Vienna.

Bio je to neki drugi Beč.

The United States was different.

SAD su bile drugačije.

The world was different.

Svet je bio drugačiji.

There was a eugenics rising,

Eugenika je bila u usponu

and my grandparents realized,

i moji baka i deka su shvatili,

pretty quickly I think,

verujem veoma brzo,

that they were on the wrong side of the eugenics equation.

da su na pogrešnoj strani eugeničke jednačine.

And so despite this being their home

I uprkos tome što je ovo bio njihov dom

and their whole extended family's home,

i dom njihove čitave šire porodice,

and this area being their family's home for generations,

a ova oblast je generacijama bila dom njihovoj porodici,

they decided because of eugenics

odlučili su da zbog eugenike

that they had to leave.

moraju da odu.

And they survived, but they were heartbroken,

I preživeli su, ali slomljenog srca

and I'm not sure my dad ever really got over leaving Vienna.

i nisam siguran da je moj otac ikad prežalio odlazak iz Beča.

He left when he was just eight years old

Otišao je kad mu je bilo tek osam godina

in 1938.

1938.

So today, I see a new eugenics

Stoga danas vidim novu eugeniku

kind of bubbling to the surface.

kako izranja na površinu.

It's supposed to be a kinder, gentler, positive eugenics,

Trebalo bi da bude plemenitija, nežnija, pozitivna eugenika,

different than all that past stuff.

drugačija od svega toga iz prošlosti.

But I think even though it's focused on trying to improve people,

Ali smatram da iako je usredsređena na pokušavanje da poboljša ljude,

it could have negative consequences,

mogla bi da ima negativne posledice

and it really worries me

i zaista me brine

that some of the top proponents of this new eugenics,

što neki od najvećih zagovornika ove nove eugenike

they think CRISPR is the ticket to make it happen.

smatraju da je CRISPR karta za njeno ostvarivanje.

So I have to admit, you know,

Pa, moram da priznam, znate,

eugenics, we talk about making better people.

eugenika, govorimo o unapređenju ljudi.

It's a tough question.

To je teško pitanje.

What is better when we're talking about a human being?

Šta je bolje kad govorimo o ljudskim bićima?

But I admit I think maybe a lot of us

Ali priznajem da smatram da možda mnogi od nas

could agree that human beings,

bi mogli da se slože da bi ljudskim bićima

maybe we could use a little betterment.

godilo malo poboljšanja.

Look at our politicians

Pogledajte naše političare

here, you know, back in the US --

ovde, znate, tamo u SAD-u -

God forbid we go there right now.

Ne daj bože da sad pođemo tamo.

Maybe even if we just look in the mirror,

Možda ako samo pogledamo u ogledalo,

there might be ways we think we could be better.

moguće da bismo otkrili vidove da se popravimo.

I might wish, honestly, that I had more hair here, instead of baldness.

Možda bih poželeo, iskreno, da imam više kose ovde, umesto ćelavosti.

Some people might wish they were taller,

Neki ljudi bi poželeli da su viši,

have a different weight, a different face.

da imaju drugačiju težinu, drugačije lice.

If we could do those things, we could make those things happen,

Ako bismo mogli to da uradimo, ako bismo mogli sve to da ostvarimo

or we could make them happen in our children,

ili bismo to mogli da ostvarimo kod naše dece,

it would be very seductive.

to bi bilo primamljivo.

And yet coming with it would be these risks.

A ipak, uz to bi išli sledeći rizici.

I talked about eugenics,

Govorio sam o eugenici,

but there would be risks to individuals as well.

ali postojali bi rizici i po pojedince.

So if we forget about enhancing people

Dakle, ako bismo zaboravili na unapređivanje ljudi

and we just try to make them healthier using genetic modification,

i samo pokušali da ih napravimo zdravijim upotrebom genetskih modifikacija,

this technology is so new

ova tehnologija je toliko nova

and so powerful,

i toliko moćna

that by accident we could make them sicker.

da bismo slučajno mogli da ih napravimo bolesnijima.

That easily could happen.

To bi lako moglo da se desi.

And there's another risk,

A tu je i drugi rizik,

and that is that all of the legitimate, important genetic modification research

a to je da sve legitimno, važno istraživanje genetskih modifikacija

going on just in the lab --

se dešava samo u laboratoriji -

again, no interest in designer babies --

opet, bez zainteresovanosti za dizajniranje beba -

a few people going the designer baby route,

ako bi nekoliko ljudi krenulo putem dizajniranja beba,

things go badly,

a stvari bi krenule po zlu,

that entire field could be damaged.

čitava oblast bi ispaštala.

I also think it's not that unlikely

Takođe smatram da nije nemoguće

that governments might start taking an interest in genetic modification.

da bi vlade mogle početi da se interesuju za genetske modifikacije.

So for example our imagined GM Jenna child

Pa, na primer, naše zamišljeno GM dete, Džena,

who is healthier,

koje je zdravije,

if there's a generation that looks like they have lower health care costs,

ako postoji generacija za koju se čini da ima niže troškove zdravstvene nege,

it's possible that governments may start trying to compel their citizens

moguće je da vlade mogu da počnu da sile svoje građane

to go the GM route.

da krenu GM putem.

Look at China's one-child policy.

Pogledajte politiku jednog deteta u Kini.

It's thought that that prevented the birth of 400 million human beings.

Smatra se da je sprečila rođenje 400 miliona ljudskih bića.

So it's not beyond the realm of possible

Stoga nije u sferi nemogućeg

that genetic modification could be something that governments push.

da bi genetske modifikacije mogle da budu nešto što vlade guraju.

And if designer babies become popular,

A ako dizajnirane bebe postanu popularne,

in our digital age --

u našem digitalnom dobu -

viral videos, social media --

popularnih snimaka, društvenih mreža -

what if designer babies are thought to be fashionable,

šta ako bi se smatralo da su dizajnirane bebe moderne,

and they kind of become the new glitterati,

i one postanu neka vrsta novog glamura,

the new Kardashians or something?

novi Kardašijanovi ili slično?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

You know, are those trends that we really could control?

Znate, jesu li to trendovi koje bi zaista mogli da kontrolišemo?

I'm not convinced that we could.

Nisam ubeđen da jesu.

So again, today it's Halloween

Dakle, opet, danas je Noć veštica

and when we talk about genetic modification,

i kada govorimo o genetskim modifikacijama,

there's one Halloween-associated character

pstoji jedan lik u vezi sa Noći veštica

that is talked about or invoked more than anything else,

o kom se govori i koji se priziva više od bilo čega drugog,

and that is Frankenstein.

a to je Frankenštajn.

Mostly that's been Frankenfoods and all this other stuff.

Najčešće je to bila frankenhrana i razne druge stvari.

But if we think about this now and we think about it in the human context

Ali ako razmislimo danas o tome i razmislimo o tome u ljudskom kontekstu

on a day like Halloween,

na dan poput Noći veštica,

if parents can in essence costume their children genetically,

ako roditelji u suštini mogu da genetski kostimiraju svoju decu,

are we going to be talking about a Frankenstein 2.0 kind of situation?

da li ćemo da govorimo o nekoj vrsti situacije Frankenštajn 2.0?

I don't think so. I don't think it's going to get to that extreme.

Ne verujem. Ne verujem da će ići toliko daleko.

But when we are going about hacking the human code,

Ali kada se bavimo cepkanjem ljudskog kôda,

I think all bets are off in terms of what might come of that.

mislim da sve opklade otpadaju, u smislu šta bi moglo proizaći iz toga.

There would still be dangers.

I dalje bi postojala opasnost.

And we can look in the past

Možemo da pogledamo u prošlost

to other elements of transformative science

druge elemente preobražajne nauke

and see how they can basically go out of control

i da vidimo kako su se u suštini otrgli kontroli

and permeate society.

i kako su proželi društvo.

So I'll just give you one example, and that is in vitro fertilization.

Daću vam samo jedan primer, a to je vantelesna oplodnja.

Almost exactly 40 years ago,

Pre skoro tačno 40 godina,

test tube baby number one Louise Brown was born,

rođena je prva beba iz tube, Luiza Braun,

and that's a great thing,

a to je sjajna stvar,

and I think since then five million IVF babies have been born,

i mislim da je od tada pet miliona beba rođeno vantelesnom oplodnjom,

bringing immeasurable happiness.

donele su bezmernu radost.

A lot of parents now can love those kids.

Mnogi roditelji sad mogu da vole tu decu.

But if you think about it, in four decades,

Ali ako razmislite o tome, za četiri decenije,

five million babies being born from a new technology

pet miliona beba rođenih zahvaljujući novoj tehnologiji

is pretty remarkable,

je prilično izvanredno,

and the same kind of thing could happen

a isto bi moglo da se desi

with human genetic modification and designer babies.

s genetskim modifikacijama ljudi i dizajniranjem beba.

So depending on the decisions we make in the next few months,

Pa, u zavisnosti od odluka koje donesemo u narednih nekoliko meseci,

the next year or so,

u narednih godinu dana,

if designer baby number one is born,

ako se rodi prva dizajnirana beba

within a few decades,

u narednih par decenija,

there could well be millions of genetically modified humans.

moglo bi da dođe do miliona genetski modifikovanih ljudi.

And there's a difference there too, because if we, you in the audience, or I,

A tu imamo i razliku, jer ako mi, vi u publici ili ja,

if we decide to have a designer baby,

ako odlučimo da imamo dizajniranu bebu,

then their children will also be genetically modified, and so on,

onda će i njihova deca da budu genetski modifikovana itd.

because it's heritable.

jer je to nasledno.

So that's a big difference.

Dakle, to je velika razlika.

So with all of this in mind,

Pa, imajući sve ovo na umu,

what should we do?

šta da radimo?

There's actually going to be a meeting

Zapravo će da dođe do sastanka

a month from tomorrow in Washington, D.C.

za mesec dana od sutra u Vašingtonu,

by the US National Academy of Sciences

od strane Nacionalne akademija nauke SAD-a

to tackle that exact question.

kako bi se bavili tim pitanjem.

What is the right path forward with human genetic modification?

Koji je pravi put napred po pitanju ljudskih genetskih modifikacija?

I believe at this time

Verujem da nam trenutno

we need a moratorium.

treba moratorijum.

We have to ban this.

Moramo to da zabranimo.

We should not allow creating genetically modified people,

Ne bi trebalo da dozvolimo stvaranje genetski modifikovanih ljudi

because it's just too dangerous and too unpredictable.

jer je prosto suviše opasno i suviše nepredvidivo.

But there's a lot of people --

Ali ima mnogo ljudi -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thanks.

Havala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And let me say, just as a scientist,

I dozvolite da kažem, prosto kao naučnik,

it's a little bit scary for me to say that in public,

malčice je zastrašujuće da to javno kažem

because science generally doesn't like self-regulation and things like that.

jer nauka uopšteno ne voli samoregulaciju i slične stvari.

So I think we need to put a hold on this,

Zato smatram da moramo da odložimo ovo,

but there are many people who not only disagree with me,

no postoje mnogi ljudi koji ne samo da se ne slažu sa mnom,

they feel the exact opposite.

već osećaju baš suprotno.

They're like, step on the gas, full speed ahead,

Oni su potpuno nagazili gas, idu punom brzinom napred,

let's make designer babies.

napravimo dizajnirane bebe.

And so in the meeting in December

Pa će na sastanku u decembru

and other meetings that are likely to follow in the next few months,

i na drugim sastancima koji će verovatno uslediti u narednih nekoliko meseci,

it's very possible there may be no moratorium.

veoma je moguće da neće biti moratorijuma.

And I think part of the problem that we have

A mislim da je deo našeg problema

is that all of this trend,

to što je čitav ovaj trend,

this revolution in genetic modification applying to humans,

ova revolucija u genetskoj modifikaciji koja je primenjiva na ljude,

the public hasn't known about it.

javnost nije znala za to.

Nobody has been saying,

Niko nije govorio,

look, this is a big deal, this is a revolution,

pogledajte, ovo je velika stvar, ovo je revolucija

and this could affect you in very personal ways.

i moglo bi da utiče na vas na veoma lične načine.

And so part of my goal is actually to change that

Te je moj cilj delimično da to zapravo promenim

and to educate and engage with the public

i da obrazujem i angažujem javnost

and get you guys talking about this.

i da vi ljudi pričate o ovome.

And so I hope at these meetings that there will be a role for the public

Pa se nadam da će na ovim sastancima biti mesta za javnost

to bring their voice to bear as well.

da doprinese svojim glasom.

So if we kind of circle back now to 2030 again, that imagined story,

Pa, ako se vratimo nazad, opet na 2030, na tu zamišljenu priču,

and depending on the decisions we make, again, today --

i u zavisnosti od odluka koje, opet, donesemo danas -

literally we don't have a lot of time --

bukvalno nemamo mnogo vremena -

in the next few months, the next year or so,

u narednih nekoliko meseci, sledećih godinu,

because this technology is spreading like wildfire.

jer se ova tehnologija širi poput požara.

Let's pretend we're back in that reality.

Pretvarajmo se da smo ponovo u toj stvarnosti.

We're at a park,

Nalazimo se u parku

and our kid is swinging on the swing.

i naše dete se ljulja na ljuljašci.

Is that kid a regular old kid,

Da li je to dete obično staro dete

or did we decide to have a designer baby?

ili smo odlučili da imamo dizajniranu bebu?

And let's say we went the sort of traditional route,

I recimo da smo krenuli nekom vrstom tradicionalnog puta,

and there's our kid swinging on the swing,

i naše dete se ljulja na ljuljašci,

and frankly, they're kind of a mess.

i iskreno, ono je nered.

Their hair is all over the place like mine.

Kosa mu je zamršena poput moje.

They have a stuffy nose.

Zapušen mu je nos.

They're not the best student in the world.

Nije najbolji đak na svetu.

They're adorable, you love them,

Ljupko je, volite ga,

but there on the swing next to them,

ali na ljuljašci do njegove,

their best friend is a GM kid,

njegov najbolji prijatelj je GM dete,

and the two of them are kind of swinging like this,

i njih dvoje se tako ljuljaju,

and you can't help but compare them, right?

a vi ne možete a da ih ne poredite, zar ne?

And the GM kid is swinging higher,

A GM dete se ljulja više,

they look better, they're a better student,

izgleda bolje, bolji je đak,

they don't have that stuffy nose you need to wipe.

nema zapušen nos koji morate da brišete.

How is that going to make you feel

Kako ćete se zbog toga osećati

and what decision might you make next time?

i kakvu odluku ćete sledeći put doneti?

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)