The ethical dilemma of designer babies | Paul Knoepfler

465,610 views ใƒป 2017-02-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
So what if I could make for you
1
12460
2456
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋– ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
00:14
a designer baby?
2
14940
1480
00:17
What if you as a parent-to-be
3
17940
2296
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์น˜๊ณ 
00:20
and I as a scientist decided to go down that road together?
4
20260
4000
๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ ์ €์™€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
00:25
What if we didn't?
5
25860
1256
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด์š”?
00:27
What if we thought, "That's a bad idea,"
6
27140
2776
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
00:29
but many of our family, friends and coworkers
7
29940
3376
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๊ฐ€
00:33
did make that decision?
8
33340
1640
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
00:36
Let's fast-forward just 15 years from now.
9
36140
3200
์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 15๋…„ ํ›„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:39
Let's pretend it's the year 2030,
10
39780
2776
์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 2030๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:42
and you're a parent.
11
42580
1399
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
You have your daughter, Marianne, next to you,
12
44540
3256
๊ณ์— ๋”ธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
00:47
and in 2030, she is what we call a natural
13
47820
3376
2030๋…„์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์€ "์ž์—ฐ์ธ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
because she has no genetic modifications.
14
51220
2520
์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ์•„์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:55
And because you and your partner consciously made that decision,
15
55100
3440
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:59
many in your social circle, they kind of look down on you.
16
59300
3216
์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์—…์‹ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
They think you're, like, a Luddite or a technophobe.
17
62540
2800
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์˜ค์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
01:07
Marianne's best friend Jenna, who lives right next door,
18
67340
2976
๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์˜ ์ œ์ผ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜†์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ
01:10
is a very different story.
19
70340
1520
๊ฑ”๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
01:12
She was born a genetically modified designer baby with numerous upgrades.
20
72740
5880
์ œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
01:20
Yeah. Upgrades.
21
80540
1360
๋„ค. ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์š”.
01:22
And these enhancements were introduced
22
82700
2896
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์–ด๋Š ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
using a new genetic modification technology
23
85620
2536
01:28
that goes by the funny name CRISPR,
24
88180
2776
CRISPR๋ผ๋Š” ์›ƒ๊ธด ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
01:30
you know, like something's crisp,
25
90980
1696
crisp ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์‚ญ๋ฐ”์‚ญํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:32
this is CRISPR.
26
92700
1320
์ด๊ฑด CRISPR ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
The scientist that Jenna's parents hired to do this
27
95340
3296
์ œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
01:38
for several million dollars
28
98660
1880
๊ณ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š”
01:41
introduced CRISPR into a whole panel of human embryos.
29
101380
3880
CRISPR๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And then they used genetic testing,
30
106180
1696
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:47
and they predicted that that little tiny embryo, Jenna's embryo,
31
107900
4056
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ œ๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด์„œ
01:51
would be the best of the bunch.
32
111980
1920
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And now, Jenna is an actual, real person.
33
114980
3456
์ด์ œ ์ œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
01:58
She's sitting on the carpet in your living room
34
118460
3216
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค ์นดํŽซ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
02:01
playing with your daughter Marianne.
35
121700
2480
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋”ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค๊ณผ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
And your families have known each other for years now,
36
124900
3096
๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋…„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:08
and it's become very clear to you
37
128020
2416
์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:10
that Jenna is extraordinary.
38
130460
1880
์ œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
02:13
She's incredibly intelligent.
39
133020
2016
๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
02:15
If you're honest with yourself, she's smarter than you,
40
135060
3256
์†”์งํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
and she's five years old.
41
138340
1560
๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด์ธ๋ฐ๋„์š”.
02:20
She's beautiful, tall, athletic,
42
140859
3897
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ , ํ‚ค๋„ ํฌ๊ณ , ์šด๋™๋„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:24
and the list goes on and on.
43
144780
2480
์žฅ์ ๋“ค์ด ์…€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:28
And in fact, there's a whole new generation
44
148100
2576
์ด์ œ ์ œ๋‚˜๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
02:30
of these GM kids like Jenna.
45
150700
2240
ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And so far it looks like
46
153740
2136
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:35
they're healthier than their parents' generation,
47
155900
2336
์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ธ๋Œ€, ์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค
02:38
than your generation.
48
158260
1736
๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And they have lower health care costs.
49
160020
2000
์˜๋ฃŒ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
They're immune to a host of health conditions,
50
163860
2736
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:46
including HIV/AIDS and genetic diseases.
51
166620
3240
์—์ด์ฆˆ์™€ ์œ ์ „๋ณ‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
02:50
It all sounds so great,
52
170900
1680
์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:53
but you can't help but have this sort of unsettling feeling,
53
173260
3056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด์ฉ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
a gut feeling, that there's something just not quite right about Jenna,
54
176340
5000
์ œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:01
and you've had the same feeling about other GM kids that you've met.
55
181980
4120
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
You were also reading in the newspaper earlier this week
56
186940
3376
๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฉฐ์น  ์ „ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
03:10
that a study of these children who were born as designer babies
57
190340
3936
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:14
indicates they may have some issues,
58
194300
1856
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
like increased aggressiveness and narcissism.
59
196180
3680
๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ž์•„๋„์ทจ์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์š”.
03:21
But more immediately on your mind
60
201460
1656
๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
03:23
is some news that you just got from Jenna's family.
61
203140
3696
์ œ๋‚˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
She's so smart,
62
206860
1496
์ œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์„œ
03:28
she's now going to be going to a special school,
63
208380
3096
ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
03:31
a different school than your daughter Marianne,
64
211500
2496
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋”ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต์ฃ .
03:34
and this is kind of throwing your family into a disarray.
65
214020
3736
๋•๋ถ„์— ์ง‘์•ˆ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:37
Marianne's been crying,
66
217780
1336
๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ์šธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:39
and last night when you took her to bed to kiss her goodnight,
67
219140
3416
์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ
03:42
she said, "Daddy, will Jenna even be my friend anymore?"
68
222580
4480
"์•„๋น , ์ด์ œ ์ œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ž‘ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?" ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
So now, as I've been telling you this imagined 2030 story,
69
228300
3536
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ 2030๋…„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:51
I have a feeling that I may have put some of you
70
231860
2616
์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
03:54
into this sci-fi frame of reference. Right?
71
234500
2576
03:57
You think you're reading a sci-fi book.
72
237100
2496
๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:59
Or maybe, like, in Halloween mode of thinking.
73
239620
2936
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:02
But this is really a possible reality for us,
74
242580
2416
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
just 15 years from now.
75
245020
1640
์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹จ 15๋…„ ํ›„์—์š”.
04:07
I'm a stem cell and genetics researcher
76
247300
2936
์ €๋Š” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
04:10
and I can see this new CRISPR technology
77
250260
2936
์ด CRISPR ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
04:13
and its potential impact.
78
253220
1720
์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And we may find ourselves in that reality,
79
255420
3616
์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:19
and a lot will depend on what we decide to do today.
80
259060
3080
๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And if you're still kind of thinking in sci-fi mode,
81
263780
2496
์•„์ง๋„ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:26
consider that the world of science had a huge shock earlier this year,
82
266300
4496
์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋น ์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:30
and the public largely doesn't even know about it.
83
270820
2935
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:33
Researchers in China just a few months ago
84
273779
2777
๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ์ „ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
04:36
reported the creation of genetically modified human embryos.
85
276580
4656
์œ ์ „ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
This was the first time in history.
86
281260
2536
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:43
And they did it using this new CRISPR technology.
87
283820
2680
์ด CRISPR ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
It didn't work perfectly,
88
287380
1736
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
but I still think they sort of cracked the door ajar
89
289140
3576
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํŒ๋„๋ผ์˜ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
on a Pandora's box here.
90
292740
1800
04:56
And I think some people are going to run with this technology
91
296300
2896
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
04:59
and try to make designer babies.
92
299220
1880
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Now, before I go on, some of you may hold up your hands and say,
93
302020
3056
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
"Stop, Paul, wait a minute.
94
305100
2256
"์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, ํด. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋ด์š”.
05:07
Wouldn't that be illegal?
95
307380
1816
๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”?
05:09
You can't just go off and create a designer baby."
96
309220
3640
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ง‰ ๋งž์ถค์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ž–์•„์š”."
05:13
And in fact, to some extent, you're right.
97
313476
2000
์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
In some countries, you couldn't do that.
98
315500
2320
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:18
But in many other countries, including my country, the US,
99
318340
3256
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์กฐ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:21
there's actually no law on this, so in theory, you could do it.
100
321620
3880
๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„์˜ˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋ก  ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:26
And there was another development this year that resonates in this area,
101
326500
4456
์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
and that happened not so far from here over in the UK.
102
330980
2800
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:34
And the UK traditionally has been the strictest country
103
334300
3096
์˜๊ตญ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:37
when it comes to human genetic modification.
104
337420
2816
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
It was illegal there,
105
340260
1936
๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ชป ๋ฐ•์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:42
but just a few months ago,
106
342220
1576
๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „
05:43
they carved out an exception to that rule.
107
343820
2456
๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
They passed a new law
108
346300
1536
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
allowing the creation of genetically modified humans
109
347860
3456
์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:51
with the noble goal of trying to prevent a rare kind of genetic disease.
110
351340
4120
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ๊ท€ ์œ ์ „๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๋งคํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•˜์— ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:56
But still I think in combination these events are pushing us
111
356220
3696
์ „ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋„๋ก
05:59
further towards an acceptance
112
359940
2536
06:02
of human genetic modification.
113
362500
1920
๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So I've been talking about this CRISPR technology.
114
365660
2896
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ CRISPR ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:08
What actually is CRISPR?
115
368580
2040
CRISPR ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
06:11
So if you think about the GMOs that we're all more familiar with,
116
371180
3336
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:14
like GMO tomatoes and wheat
117
374540
3216
์ฆ‰, ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
06:17
and things like that,
118
377780
1936
06:19
this technology is similar to the technologies
119
379740
2616
CRISPR๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:22
that were used to make those,
120
382380
1856
06:24
but it's dramatically better,
121
384260
2376
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
cheaper and faster.
122
386660
1960
๋” ์‹ธ๊ณ , ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:29
So what is it?
123
389940
1536
CRISPR๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
06:31
It's actually like a genetic Swiss army knife.
124
391500
2456
์ผ์ข…์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์šฉ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ตฐ์šฉ ์นผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
We can pretend this is a Swiss army knife
125
393980
2256
์ด ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ตฐ์šฉ ์นผ์—
06:36
with different tools in it,
126
396260
1336
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:37
and one of the tools is kind of like a magnifying glass
127
397620
3136
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” DNA๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹๋ณด๊ธฐ๋‚˜
06:40
or a GPS for our DNA,
128
400780
2440
ํ˜น์€ GPS ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
so it can home in on a certain spot.
129
403700
2576
DNA์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ์ค€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:46
And the next tool is like scissors
130
406300
1656
๋‹ค์Œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์œ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:47
that can cut the DNA right in that spot.
131
407980
3256
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And finally we have a pen
132
411260
1576
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŽœ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:52
where we can literally rewrite the genetic code in that location.
133
412860
4496
๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์œ ์ „์ž ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์จ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:57
It's really that simple.
134
417380
1240
๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
And this technology, which came on the scene just three years ago,
135
419500
3656
๋‹จ 3๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
07:03
has taken science by storm.
136
423180
1840
๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํœฉ์“ธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
It's evolving so fast, and it's so freaking exciting to scientists,
137
425820
4256
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
07:10
and I admit I'm fascinated by it and we use it in my own lab,
138
430100
3800
๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:14
that I think someone is going to go that extra step
139
434860
3576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
07:18
and continue the GM human embryo work
140
438460
2576
์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ์„œ
07:21
and maybe make designer babies.
141
441060
2400
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
This is so ubiquitous now.
142
444900
1656
CRISPR๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์•„์ฃผ ํ”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
It just came on the scene three years ago.
143
446580
2416
๊ณ ์ž‘ 3๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:29
Thousands of labs literally have this in hand today,
144
449020
4336
์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ณณ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ
07:33
and they're doing important research.
145
453380
2376
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
Most of them are not interested in designer babies.
146
455780
2616
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:38
They're studying human disease
147
458420
2496
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜
07:40
and other important elements of science.
148
460940
2416
๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
So there's a lot of good research going on with CRISPR.
149
463380
2600
CRISPR๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
And the fact that we can now do genetic modifications
150
466820
3416
์ „์—๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
07:50
that used to take years and cost millions of dollars
151
470260
3776
์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:54
in a few weeks for a couple thousand bucks,
152
474060
3016
์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ช‡์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
to me as a scientist that's fantastic,
153
477100
2136
๊ณผํ•™์ž์—๊ฒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
07:59
but again, at the same time,
154
479260
2136
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—
08:01
it opens the door to people going too far.
155
481420
3120
์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
And I think for some people
156
485140
1416
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ
08:06
the focus is not going to be so much on science.
157
486580
3016
๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
08:09
That's not what's going to be driving them.
158
489620
2016
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:11
It's going to be ideology or the chase for a profit.
159
491660
3520
์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์œค์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
And they're going to go for designer babies.
160
495940
2560
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:20
So why should we be concerned about this?
161
500060
3856
์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:23
We know from Darwin, if we go back two centuries,
162
503940
3216
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 200๋…„์ „ ๋‹ค์œˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:27
that evolution and genetics profoundly have impacted humanity,
163
507180
4136
์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์œ ์ „์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๊นŠ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
who we are today.
164
511340
2136
ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:33
And some think there's like a social Darwinism at work in our world,
165
513500
3936
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‹ค์œˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€
08:37
and maybe even a eugenics as well.
166
517460
2480
์šฐ์ƒํ•™์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Imagine those trends, those forces,
167
520540
3736
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋“ค์ด
08:44
with a booster rocket of this CRISPR technology
168
524300
2976
CRISPR ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„ ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฉด
08:47
that is so powerful and so ubiquitous.
169
527300
2720
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And in fact, we can just go back one century to the last century
170
530820
3895
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
08:54
to see the power that eugenics can have.
171
534739
3001
์šฐ์ƒํ•™์˜ ํž˜์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:58
So my father, Peter Knoepfler,
172
538620
2456
์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ธ ํ”ผํ„ฐ ๋…ธํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”
09:01
was actually born right here in Vienna.
173
541100
2776
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ ๋น„์—”๋‚˜์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
09:03
He was Viennese, and he was born here in 1929.
174
543900
4496
1929๋…„์ƒ ๋น„์—”๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์…จ์ฃ .
09:08
And when my grandparents had little baby Peter,
175
548420
3896
์ œ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์•„๊ธฐ ํ”ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
09:12
the world was very different. Right?
176
552340
1736
์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜€๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
09:14
It was a different Vienna.
177
554100
1296
์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์—”๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
The United States was different.
178
555420
1576
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ณ 
09:17
The world was different.
179
557020
1256
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
There was a eugenics rising,
180
558300
2296
๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™ ์šด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:20
and my grandparents realized,
181
560620
2336
์ €ํฌ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ผ์ฐŒ๊ฐ์น˜ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์–ด์š”.
09:22
pretty quickly I think,
182
562980
1416
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์ƒํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์˜
09:24
that they were on the wrong side of the eugenics equation.
183
564420
3520
๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
09:28
And so despite this being their home
184
568660
2376
์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด์ž
09:31
and their whole extended family's home,
185
571060
2056
๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ์ ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:33
and this area being their family's home for generations,
186
573140
4336
์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์งธ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:37
they decided because of eugenics
187
577500
3016
์šฐ์ƒํ•™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋กœ
09:40
that they had to leave.
188
580540
1240
๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
And they survived, but they were heartbroken,
189
582500
2136
๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์‹ฌํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
and I'm not sure my dad ever really got over leaving Vienna.
190
584660
4136
์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋„ ๋น„์—”๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‚ฉ๋“ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
He left when he was just eight years old
191
588820
2336
๊ฒจ์šฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๋– ๋‚˜์…จ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:51
in 1938.
192
591180
1200
1938๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
So today, I see a new eugenics
193
594380
3056
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์ด
09:57
kind of bubbling to the surface.
194
597460
2336
์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
It's supposed to be a kinder, gentler, positive eugenics,
195
599820
4976
์ข€ ๋” ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:04
different than all that past stuff.
196
604820
2320
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
10:08
But I think even though it's focused on trying to improve people,
197
608020
4376
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋„
10:12
it could have negative consequences,
198
612420
2696
๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
and it really worries me
199
615140
1256
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
10:16
that some of the top proponents of this new eugenics,
200
616420
2776
์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ด
10:19
they think CRISPR is the ticket to make it happen.
201
619220
3560
CRISPR๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
So I have to admit, you know,
202
624180
1736
์ €๋„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
eugenics, we talk about making better people.
203
625940
3256
๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
10:29
It's a tough question.
204
629220
1256
์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์š”.
10:30
What is better when we're talking about a human being?
205
630500
2920
๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋” '๋‚˜์€' ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
10:34
But I admit I think maybe a lot of us
206
634180
2656
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
10:36
could agree that human beings,
207
636860
2936
์กฐ๊ธˆ์ฏค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:39
maybe we could use a little betterment.
208
639820
1976
์•„๋งˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:41
Look at our politicians
209
641820
2296
์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:44
here, you know, back in the US --
210
644140
2056
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜, ์ œ ์กฐ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
10:46
God forbid we go there right now.
211
646220
3616
์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:49
Maybe even if we just look in the mirror,
212
649860
1976
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฑฐ์šธ ์† ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ๋„
10:51
there might be ways we think we could be better.
213
651860
2536
๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
I might wish, honestly, that I had more hair here, instead of baldness.
214
654420
4816
์†”์งํžˆ ์ „ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ˆฑ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
10:59
Some people might wish they were taller,
215
659260
2536
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ 
11:01
have a different weight, a different face.
216
661820
2840
๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:05
If we could do those things, we could make those things happen,
217
665700
3456
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:09
or we could make them happen in our children,
218
669180
2256
ํ˜น์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:11
it would be very seductive.
219
671460
1800
๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์œ ํ˜น์ ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And yet coming with it would be these risks.
220
673860
2896
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
I talked about eugenics,
221
676780
1896
์šฐ์ƒํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:18
but there would be risks to individuals as well.
222
678700
2816
๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
So if we forget about enhancing people
223
681540
2456
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ 
11:24
and we just try to make them healthier using genetic modification,
224
684020
4456
๋‹จ์ง€ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:28
this technology is so new
225
688500
2456
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ 
11:30
and so powerful,
226
690980
1576
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:32
that by accident we could make them sicker.
227
692580
2760
์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
That easily could happen.
228
696340
2136
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
11:38
And there's another risk,
229
698500
1256
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
11:39
and that is that all of the legitimate, important genetic modification research
230
699780
4576
๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
11:44
going on just in the lab --
231
704380
1656
์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:46
again, no interest in designer babies --
232
706060
3016
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹คํ•ด๋„
11:49
a few people going the designer baby route,
233
709100
2856
๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€
11:51
things go badly,
234
711980
1376
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด
11:53
that entire field could be damaged.
235
713380
2960
์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
I also think it's not that unlikely
236
717260
2456
๋˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์—
11:59
that governments might start taking an interest in genetic modification.
237
719740
4280
๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
So for example our imagined GM Jenna child
238
724700
4936
์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์•„ ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:09
who is healthier,
239
729660
1216
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋กœ
12:10
if there's a generation that looks like they have lower health care costs,
240
730900
4016
ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋œ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:14
it's possible that governments may start trying to compel their citizens
241
734940
4216
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์„
12:19
to go the GM route.
242
739180
1896
๊ถŒ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Look at China's one-child policy.
243
741100
2016
์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ์ž๋…€ ์ •์ฑ…์€
12:23
It's thought that that prevented the birth of 400 million human beings.
244
743140
5720
4์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
So it's not beyond the realm of possible
245
750020
2776
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
12:32
that genetic modification could be something that governments push.
246
752820
4256
๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:37
And if designer babies become popular,
247
757100
3496
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด
12:40
in our digital age --
248
760620
1816
์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
12:42
viral videos, social media --
249
762460
2656
๋™์˜์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:45
what if designer babies are thought to be fashionable,
250
765140
2576
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
12:47
and they kind of become the new glitterati,
251
767740
2136
์œ ๋ช…์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
the new Kardashians or something?
252
769900
1736
์นด๋‹ค์‹œ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”?
12:51
(Laughter)
253
771660
1016
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:52
You know, are those trends that we really could control?
254
772700
4536
์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ๋ฆ„๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:57
I'm not convinced that we could.
255
777260
2080
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
So again, today it's Halloween
256
780460
3176
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์ธ๋ฐ
13:03
and when we talk about genetic modification,
257
783660
2456
์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
13:06
there's one Halloween-associated character
258
786140
3136
ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
13:09
that is talked about or invoked more than anything else,
259
789300
2656
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
13:11
and that is Frankenstein.
260
791980
1840
ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด์ฃ .
13:14
Mostly that's been Frankenfoods and all this other stuff.
261
794420
4416
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:18
But if we think about this now and we think about it in the human context
262
798860
4576
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
13:23
on a day like Halloween,
263
803460
1256
ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ ์—
13:24
if parents can in essence costume their children genetically,
264
804740
5416
๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:30
are we going to be talking about a Frankenstein 2.0 kind of situation?
265
810180
4760
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์Šˆํƒ€์ธ 2.0 ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:36
I don't think so. I don't think it's going to get to that extreme.
266
816060
3176
๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:39
But when we are going about hacking the human code,
267
819260
3976
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ดํ‚นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:43
I think all bets are off in terms of what might come of that.
268
823260
3256
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
There would still be dangers.
269
826540
1640
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๋„์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:49
And we can look in the past
270
829540
1336
์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
13:50
to other elements of transformative science
271
830900
2616
์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด
13:53
and see how they can basically go out of control
272
833540
3816
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œ ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
and permeate society.
273
837380
1560
13:59
So I'll just give you one example, and that is in vitro fertilization.
274
839380
3800
๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์ˆ˜์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Almost exactly 40 years ago,
275
844300
3616
๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 40๋…„ ์ „์—
14:07
test tube baby number one Louise Brown was born,
276
847940
3696
์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์•„๊ธฐ์ธ ๋ฃจ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
and that's a great thing,
277
851660
1256
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:12
and I think since then five million IVF babies have been born,
278
852940
5536
๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์•ฝ 500๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:18
bringing immeasurable happiness.
279
858500
1656
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
A lot of parents now can love those kids.
280
860180
3136
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:23
But if you think about it, in four decades,
281
863340
2056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ 40๋…„ ๋งŒ์—
14:25
five million babies being born from a new technology
282
865420
3896
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
14:29
is pretty remarkable,
283
869340
1816
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
and the same kind of thing could happen
284
871180
2216
๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
with human genetic modification and designer babies.
285
873420
3576
14:37
So depending on the decisions we make in the next few months,
286
877020
3176
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค, ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋’ค์— ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
14:40
the next year or so,
287
880220
1296
14:41
if designer baby number one is born,
288
881540
3136
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ 1ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:44
within a few decades,
289
884700
1216
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์—๋Š”
14:45
there could well be millions of genetically modified humans.
290
885940
3656
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
And there's a difference there too, because if we, you in the audience, or I,
291
889620
4456
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€
14:54
if we decide to have a designer baby,
292
894100
2896
๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:57
then their children will also be genetically modified, and so on,
293
897020
4016
๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
because it's heritable.
294
901060
1296
์œ ์ „๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:02
So that's a big difference.
295
902380
1480
์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:05
So with all of this in mind,
296
905420
1896
์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
15:07
what should we do?
297
907340
1560
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:09
There's actually going to be a meeting
298
909940
1816
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์—
15:11
a month from tomorrow in Washington, D.C.
299
911780
2896
์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
by the US National Academy of Sciences
300
914700
1936
์ „๋ฏธ ๊ณผํ•™ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ
15:16
to tackle that exact question.
301
916660
2616
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
15:19
What is the right path forward with human genetic modification?
302
919300
3680
์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธธ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:23
I believe at this time
303
923820
2416
ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด
15:26
we need a moratorium.
304
926260
1456
์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
We have to ban this.
305
927740
1496
๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
15:29
We should not allow creating genetically modified people,
306
929260
3576
์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
because it's just too dangerous and too unpredictable.
307
932860
3320
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:37
But there's a lot of people --
308
937180
1456
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด --
15:38
(Applause)
309
938660
1136
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:39
Thanks.
310
939820
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
(Applause)
311
941060
3400
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:47
And let me say, just as a scientist,
312
947700
2296
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ
15:50
it's a little bit scary for me to say that in public,
313
950020
2496
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๋‘๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
because science generally doesn't like self-regulation and things like that.
314
952540
5240
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์—ด์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:59
So I think we need to put a hold on this,
315
959060
3136
์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์ง€๋งŒ
16:02
but there are many people who not only disagree with me,
316
962220
2736
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ
16:04
they feel the exact opposite.
317
964980
1496
์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
They're like, step on the gas, full speed ahead,
318
966500
3336
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด์—์š”.
16:09
let's make designer babies.
319
969860
1616
16:11
And so in the meeting in December
320
971500
2936
12์›”์— ์—ด๋ฆด ํšŒ์˜์™€
16:14
and other meetings that are likely to follow in the next few months,
321
974460
3456
๊ทธํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์—ด๋ฆด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜๋“ค์—์„œ
16:17
it's very possible there may be no moratorium.
322
977940
3136
์‚ฌ์šฉ์ค‘์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
And I think part of the problem that we have
323
981100
3056
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
16:24
is that all of this trend,
324
984180
2056
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„,
16:26
this revolution in genetic modification applying to humans,
325
986260
4096
์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
16:30
the public hasn't known about it.
326
990380
1616
๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
Nobody has been saying,
327
992020
1816
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”.
16:33
look, this is a big deal, this is a revolution,
328
993860
4056
์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ , ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:37
and this could affect you in very personal ways.
329
997940
2256
์ด ์ผ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
16:40
And so part of my goal is actually to change that
330
1000220
2816
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
and to educate and engage with the public
331
1003060
2936
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
16:46
and get you guys talking about this.
332
1006020
2800
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
And so I hope at these meetings that there will be a role for the public
333
1009340
3776
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์žˆ์„ ํšŒ์˜๋“ค์—์„œ
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
to bring their voice to bear as well.
334
1013140
2520
16:57
So if we kind of circle back now to 2030 again, that imagined story,
335
1017500
4560
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊นŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ 2030๋…„์€
17:03
and depending on the decisions we make, again, today --
336
1023020
3016
์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
literally we don't have a lot of time --
337
1026060
1936
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋‚จ์•˜์ฃ .
17:08
in the next few months, the next year or so,
338
1028020
2096
17:10
because this technology is spreading like wildfire.
339
1030140
2520
์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
Let's pretend we're back in that reality.
340
1033380
2936
๋‹ค์‹œ 2030๋…„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:16
We're at a park,
341
1036340
1816
๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
17:18
and our kid is swinging on the swing.
342
1038179
3281
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
Is that kid a regular old kid,
343
1042419
2616
๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์•„์ด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
17:25
or did we decide to have a designer baby?
344
1045060
3455
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ถค ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
17:28
And let's say we went the sort of traditional route,
345
1048540
3455
ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ณ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:32
and there's our kid swinging on the swing,
346
1052020
2495
์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:34
and frankly, they're kind of a mess.
347
1054540
2816
์†”์งํžˆ ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ด์—์š”.
17:37
Their hair is all over the place like mine.
348
1057380
2696
์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ํ—ํด์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
17:40
They have a stuffy nose.
349
1060100
2216
์ฝง๋ฌผ๋„ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:42
They're not the best student in the world.
350
1062340
2040
์ œ์ผ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
17:45
They're adorable, you love them,
351
1065060
2216
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
17:47
but there on the swing next to them,
352
1067300
1936
๊ทธ ์˜†์˜ ๊ทธ๋„ค์— ์•‰์€
17:49
their best friend is a GM kid,
353
1069260
3016
์ œ์ผ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ถค ์•„์ด์—์š”.
17:52
and the two of them are kind of swinging like this,
354
1072300
2416
๋‘˜์ด ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
17:54
and you can't help but compare them, right?
355
1074740
2016
์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž–์•„์š”?
17:56
And the GM kid is swinging higher,
356
1076780
2496
๋งž์ถค ์•„์ด์˜ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
they look better, they're a better student,
357
1079300
2176
๋” ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•ด์š”.
18:01
they don't have that stuffy nose you need to wipe.
358
1081500
2976
์ฝง๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ฆ์•„ ์ค„ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
18:04
How is that going to make you feel
359
1084500
2256
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
18:06
and what decision might you make next time?
360
1086780
2720
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
18:10
Thank you.
361
1090660
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
(Applause)
362
1091900
5917
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7