The ethical dilemma of designer babies | Paul Knoepfler

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

翻译人员: 雨桐 叶 校对人员: Lipeng Chen

So what if I could make for you

假如说我可以给你设计一个婴儿，

a designer baby?

那会怎么样？

What if you as a parent-to-be

假如你是一个设计婴儿的准父母

and I as a scientist decided to go down that road together?

和我这个科学家一起尝试 婴儿设计的项目，那会怎么样？

What if we didn't?

假如我们没决定一起尝试呢？

What if we thought, "That's a bad idea,"

如果我们认为设计婴儿 真是一个不怎么样的想法呢，

but many of our family, friends and coworkers

而我们的很多 家人朋友还有同事，

did make that decision?

却决定尝试这个项目呢？

Let's fast-forward just 15 years from now.

让我们设想在15年后。

Let's pretend it's the year 2030,

假设现在是2030年，

and you're a parent.

而你已为人父母。

You have your daughter, Marianne, next to you,

你的女儿玛丽安坐在你的身边，

and in 2030, she is what we call a natural

在2030年， 她就是我们说的“自然人”，

because she has no genetic modifications.

因为她没有进行过任何的基因改造。

And because you and your partner consciously made that decision,

而因为你和你的伴侣有意识地 让你们的女儿成为“自然人”，

many in your social circle, they kind of look down on you.

你总是被你社交圈子中的人瞧不起。

They think you're, like, a Luddite or a technophobe.

他们认为你是一个勒德派成员 （反对技术进步的人），

或者是一个技术恐惧者。

Marianne's best friend Jenna, who lives right next door,

玛丽安最好的朋友 珍娜就住在你们隔壁。

is a very different story.

她的生活和你们的完全不一样。

She was born a genetically modified designer baby with numerous upgrades.

她出生时就是一个经过 基因改造设计出来的婴儿，

并且有着很多改造升级。

Yeah. Upgrades.

是的，改造升级。

And these enhancements were introduced

而这些提升是由一个

using a new genetic modification technology

新的基因编辑技术完成的，

that goes by the funny name CRISPR,

这项技术有一个滑稽的名字‘脆脆鲜’， （基因编辑技术，因音近crisp顾译为脆脆鲜）

you know, like something's crisp,

你懂的，就好比某样东西又脆又鲜，

this is CRISPR.

这个是‘脆脆鲜’（基因编辑技术）。

The scientist that Jenna's parents hired to do this

那个被珍娜的父母雇佣的科学家

for several million dollars

得到了百万元的佣金，

introduced CRISPR into a whole panel of human embryos.

把基因编辑 引入到了一个完整的人类胚胎层面。

And then they used genetic testing,

然后他们进行基因检测，

and they predicted that that little tiny embryo, Jenna's embryo,

他们预测那个小小的胚胎 珍娜的胚胎

would be the best of the bunch.

是一群胚胎里发育得最好的那一个。

And now, Jenna is an actual, real person.

现在，珍娜是一个有肉体的 实实在在的人了。

She's sitting on the carpet in your living room

她正坐在你客厅里的地毯上，

playing with your daughter Marianne.

正和你的女儿玛丽安一起玩。

And your families have known each other for years now,

你们两家人从很久以前就认识了，

and it's become very clear to you

而你很清楚的认识到

that Jenna is extraordinary.

珍娜是不同于常人的。

She's incredibly intelligent.

她超乎想象的聪明。

If you're honest with yourself, she's smarter than you,

如果你足够诚实的话， 就会承认她甚至比你还要聪明，

and she's five years old.

并且她只有五岁。

She's beautiful, tall, athletic,

她漂亮、修长、充满活力，

and the list goes on and on.

可以用来赞美她的话还有很多很多。

And in fact, there's a whole new generation

事实上， 现在已经有新一代的儿童

of these GM kids like Jenna.

是和珍娜一样是被基因改造的了。

And so far it looks like

到目前为止他们看起来

they're healthier than their parents' generation,

都比他们父母的那一代要更健康，

than your generation.

都比你们这一代更健康。

And they have lower health care costs.

他们在卫生保健方面花费更少。

They're immune to a host of health conditions,

他们对很多的健康威胁都是免疫的，

including HIV/AIDS and genetic diseases.

这其中包括艾滋病和一些遗传疾病。

It all sounds so great,

这些听起来都很棒，

but you can't help but have this sort of unsettling feeling,

但是你始终有些坐立不安，

a gut feeling, that there's something just not quite right about Jenna,

直觉告诉你珍娜有些不对劲，

and you've had the same feeling about other GM kids that you've met.

你见过其他一些经过基因改造的儿童 ， 有了同样的感觉。

You were also reading in the newspaper earlier this week

你读了这星期早些时候的报纸，

that a study of these children who were born as designer babies

对于这些设计婴儿的研究

indicates they may have some issues,

表明这其中可能存在一些问题，

like increased aggressiveness and narcissism.

比如攻击性和自恋心理的增强。

But more immediately on your mind

而你的脑海中蹦出的第一个想法

is some news that you just got from Jenna's family.

是你从珍娜的家人那里得知的。

She's so smart,

珍娜太过聪明了，

she's now going to be going to a special school,

她现在要去到一个特殊学校，

a different school than your daughter Marianne,

那个学校和你女儿的学校不太一样，

and this is kind of throwing your family into a disarray.

这则消息把你们一家搞得乱成一团。

Marianne's been crying,

玛丽安开始大哭起来，

and last night when you took her to bed to kiss her goodnight,

昨天晚上，当你把你的女儿带去睡觉 准备亲吻她说晚安的时候，

she said, "Daddy, will Jenna even be my friend anymore?"

她问，“爸爸，珍娜以后 还会是我的好朋友吗？”

So now, as I've been telling you this imagined 2030 story,

现在，就好像我向你们 描述的2030故事一样，

I have a feeling that I may have put some of you

我感到我可能把你们其中的一些人

into this sci-fi frame of reference. Right?

带进了一个科学小说的 参照框架。是吗？

You think you're reading a sci-fi book.

你认为自己正在读一本科幻小说。

Or maybe, like, in Halloween mode of thinking.

或者是，把自己调到了 万圣节晚上的思考模式。

But this is really a possible reality for us,

但这真的可能在短短15年之后

just 15 years from now.

变成现实。

I'm a stem cell and genetics researcher

我是一个基因和干细胞的研究者，

and I can see this new CRISPR technology

我能够设想出这个新的CRISPR技术，

and its potential impact.

和它的潜在影响。

And we may find ourselves in that reality,

我们会发现在那个现实中的很多事，

and a lot will depend on what we decide to do today.

都是基于我们现在做出的决定。

And if you're still kind of thinking in sci-fi mode,

如果你还认为这是一部科幻小说的话，

consider that the world of science had a huge shock earlier this year,

想想今年早些时候 科学界有一个爆炸性的新闻，

and the public largely doesn't even know about it.

而大部分的群众对此一无所知。

Researchers in China just a few months ago

几个月前，中国的研究者

reported the creation of genetically modified human embryos.

发布了一个 已经创造出的 经过基因改造的人类胚胎。

This was the first time in history.

这可是从古至今第一次。

And they did it using this new CRISPR technology.

他们就是通过CRISPR完成的。

It didn't work perfectly,

结果并不是很完美，

but I still think they sort of cracked the door ajar

但我依旧认为 他们打开了那个微开着的门

on a Pandora's box here.

打开了潘多拉的魔盒。

And I think some people are going to run with this technology

我相信有些人 会更加努力地研究这项技术

and try to make designer babies.

并且尝试婴儿设计。

Now, before I go on, some of you may hold up your hands and say,

现在，在我继续演讲之前， 你们有些人可能会举手说

"Stop, Paul, wait a minute.

“停下，保罗，等一下

Wouldn't that be illegal?

这项技术难道不会违法吗？

You can't just go off and create a designer baby."

你不能只是随随便便的 创造出了一个设计婴儿。”

And in fact, to some extent, you're right.

是的，从某种程度上来说， 你考虑的很对。

In some countries, you couldn't do that.

在一些国家， 这项研究是不被允许的。

But in many other countries, including my country, the US,

但在其他很多国家， 包括我的国家，美国，

there's actually no law on this, so in theory, you could do it.

并没有关于这项研究的法律， 所以从理论上来说，设计婴儿是可以的。

And there was another development this year that resonates in this area,

今年，有另一个研究取得了新的进展 在整个领域引起了强烈反响，

and that happened not so far from here over in the UK.

就发生在离这里不远的英国。

And the UK traditionally has been the strictest country

英国从传统来看， 一直是最严格的国家，

when it comes to human genetic modification.

在人类基因编辑技术这件事上。

It was illegal there,

这在英国被认为是违法的。

but just a few months ago,

但就在几个月前，

they carved out an exception to that rule.

他们在这项规则上做了一个特例。

They passed a new law

他们通过了新的法律，

allowing the creation of genetically modified humans

允许研制创造基因编辑出的人类

with the noble goal of trying to prevent a rare kind of genetic disease.

以“防御一种稀有遗传疾病”为高尚理由。

But still I think in combination these events are pushing us

但我始终认为， 这些事件综合起来是在推动我们

further towards an acceptance

对基因编辑技术

of human genetic modification.

采取更加包容的态度。

So I've been talking about this CRISPR technology.

我一直在谈论这个CRISPR。

What actually is CRISPR?

那到底什么是基因编辑技术是CRISPR？

So if you think about the GMOs that we're all more familiar with,

如果是转基因呢， 我们对转基因都很熟悉，

like GMO tomatoes and wheat

好比转基因番茄和小麦

and things like that,

以及其它转基因的生物，

this technology is similar to the technologies

这项技术与

that were used to make those,

用来转基因的技术很像，

but it's dramatically better,

但有着更加显著的优势，

cheaper and faster.

那就是花费少且耗时短。

So what is it?

所以这到底是什么？

It's actually like a genetic Swiss army knife.

这其实像是一个 基因型的军用瑞士刀。

We can pretend this is a Swiss army knife

我们假装这是一个军用瑞士刀，

with different tools in it,

一把小刀包含了很多的工具，

and one of the tools is kind of like a magnifying glass

其中一个工具有点像放大镜，

or a GPS for our DNA,

或者是DNA（脱氧核糖核苷酸） 的GPS（全球卫星定位系统），

so it can home in on a certain spot.

所以基因 可以被编辑到特定的DNA区域。

And the next tool is like scissors

下一个工具有点像剪刀，

that can cut the DNA right in that spot.

能够把DNA的特定区域剪断。

And finally we have a pen

最后一个工具是笔，

where we can literally rewrite the genetic code in that location.

用来在特定区域 对遗传密码重新编辑。

It's really that simple.

就是这么简单。

And this technology, which came on the scene just three years ago,

而这项技术在三年前登上舞台，

has taken science by storm.

用暴风雨般的力量席卷了整个科学界。

It's evolving so fast, and it's so freaking exciting to scientists,

它发展的如此之快， 科学家对此真是兴奋异常，

and I admit I'm fascinated by it and we use it in my own lab,

我必须承认我也被它深深吸引着， 我自己的实验室里也在使用这项技术，

that I think someone is going to go that extra step

我认为有人应该再迈出一步，

and continue the GM human embryo work

继续研究基因编辑人类胚胎技术

and maybe make designer babies.

或者研究婴儿设计。

This is so ubiquitous now.

现在这项技术已经无处不在了。

It just came on the scene three years ago.

而它才发展了仅仅三年。

Thousands of labs literally have this in hand today,

上千家实验室正在着手做这项技术，

and they're doing important research.

他们正做着至关重要的研究。

Most of them are not interested in designer babies.

他们中很大一部分， 虽然对设计婴儿都不太感兴趣，

They're studying human disease

但他们正在研究人类疾病

and other important elements of science.

以及科学中的其他重要问题。

So there's a lot of good research going on with CRISPR.

所以现在关于基因编辑技术 有很多好的研究。

And the fact that we can now do genetic modifications

事实表明，我们现在能够做的

that used to take years and cost millions of dollars

是曾经需要很多年，花很多钱，

in a few weeks for a couple thousand bucks,

现在只需要 几星期和几千块的基因编辑，

to me as a scientist that's fantastic,

这对于我，一个科学家来说 是个天大的好事，

but again, at the same time,

但同时，别忘了，

it opens the door to people going too far.

这为另一些人打开了新世界的大门。

And I think for some people

我想，对一些人来说，

the focus is not going to be so much on science.

关注的重心已经不是科学了。

That's not what's going to be driving them.

科学研究不是他们的驱动力，

It's going to be ideology or the chase for a profit.

而是他们的意识形态 或者说是对利益的追求。

And they're going to go for designer babies.

他们会直接去研究婴儿设计。

So why should we be concerned about this?

所以我们为什么要关心这些东西？

We know from Darwin, if we go back two centuries,

从达尔文那里我们知道 我们现在的人性

that evolution and genetics profoundly have impacted humanity,

被两个世纪以来的自然演变和基因学

who we are today.

深深影响着。

And some think there's like a social Darwinism at work in our world,

现在依旧有些人认为我们现在的世界 还在被一个社会达尔文学

and maybe even a eugenics as well.

或者是优生学所支配。

Imagine those trends, those forces,

想想这些人所引领的趋势， 这些人的力量，

with a booster rocket of this CRISPR technology

再加上基因编辑技术 强大而又广泛的推力

that is so powerful and so ubiquitous.

所带来的影响将是不可忽视的。

And in fact, we can just go back one century to the last century

事实上， 我们只需要聚焦一百年前，上个世纪

to see the power that eugenics can have.

去见识优生学的力量。

So my father, Peter Knoepfler,

我的父亲，彼得·俄福勒，

was actually born right here in Vienna.

就是在这里，维也纳，出生的。

He was Viennese, and he was born here in 1929.

他是个维也纳人，生于1929年。

And when my grandparents had little baby Peter,

当我的祖父母抱着小彼得的时候，

the world was very different. Right?

对他们来说整个世界都不一样了。

It was a different Vienna.

维也纳不一样了。

The United States was different.

美国也不一样了。

The world was different.

整个世界都不一样了。

There was a eugenics rising,

优生学正在兴起，

and my grandparents realized,

而我的祖父母，

pretty quickly I think,

我认为他们应该很快就明白过来了，

that they were on the wrong side of the eugenics equation.

他们站在了优生学的对立位。

And so despite this being their home

因此， 尽管维也纳是他们三人的小家，

and their whole extended family's home,

他们整个大家庭的大家，

and this area being their family's home for generations,

他们世世代代所居住的家，

they decided because of eugenics

就因为他们没有遵循优生学，

that they had to leave.

他们选择离开这个地方。

And they survived, but they were heartbroken,

他们虽然活了下来， 但活得很痛苦，

and I'm not sure my dad ever really got over leaving Vienna.

并且我不确定 我的父亲是否放下了对维也纳的不舍。

He left when he was just eight years old

他在1938年就离开了，

in 1938.

那时他才八岁。

So today, I see a new eugenics

今天，我看到了一种新的优生学

kind of bubbling to the surface.

重新浮出水面。

It's supposed to be a kinder, gentler, positive eugenics,

我认为这会是一个 更加友好、温和、积极的优生学，

different than all that past stuff.

应该跟过去那些东西不一样。

But I think even though it's focused on trying to improve people,

但是我想，就算新优生学 是为了将人类变得更好，

it could have negative consequences,

它依旧会导致一些负面的结果，

and it really worries me

这些都让我很担心。

that some of the top proponents of this new eugenics,

一些新优生学的支持者，

they think CRISPR is the ticket to make it happen.

他们认为CRISPR 是让新优生学发生的唯一重要因素。

So I have to admit, you know,

我在这里必须承认，

eugenics, we talk about making better people.

我们所讨论的将人类变得更好， 也就是优生学，

It's a tough question.

是一个很复杂的问题。

What is better when we're talking about a human being?

当我们谈论将人类变得更好的时候， 对于“更好”的定义是什么？

But I admit I think maybe a lot of us

我认为我们中的很多人都同意，

could agree that human beings,

我们对个人的社会地位和经济水平

maybe we could use a little betterment.

应当有一个提高。

Look at our politicians

看看我们的政客就知道，

here, you know, back in the US --

无论是在维也纳还是在美国——

God forbid we go there right now.

当然上帝现在不允许 我们俄福勒家族的人到美国去了。

Maybe even if we just look in the mirror,

或许我们只需要简单的看向镜子里，

there might be ways we think we could be better.

我们一定有办法， 让镜子里的那个人变得更好。

I might wish, honestly, that I had more hair here, instead of baldness.

坦诚的对大家说，我很希望 我在这有更多的头发而不是秃顶。

Some people might wish they were taller,

有些人可能 会希望他们的个子更高一些，

have a different weight, a different face.

或者有不一样的体重， 不一样的面孔。

If we could do those things, we could make those things happen,

如果我们能够使用那些技术， 那我们刚刚设想的就都能实现，

or we could make them happen in our children,

或者我们的设想 能在我们的孩子身上实现，

it would be very seductive.

这将会是非常有吸引力的。

And yet coming with it would be these risks.

但同时还会伴随着风险的发生。

I talked about eugenics,

我刚刚谈论了优生学，

but there would be risks to individuals as well.

但对于个体来说始终存在着风险。

So if we forget about enhancing people

所以如果我们先不考虑优化人类，

and we just try to make them healthier using genetic modification,

而单单考虑用基因编辑技术 将人类变得更健康的话，

this technology is so new

那么这将是一项全新的，

and so powerful,

并且有着巨大作用的技术，

that by accident we could make them sicker.

但只要有一点点操作不小心， 这项技术的功能就无法完全发挥。

That easily could happen.

这很容易就能发生。

And there's another risk,

还有另一个风险，

and that is that all of the legitimate, important genetic modification research

那就是对婴儿设计 没有兴趣的前提下，

going on just in the lab --

所有重要的、合法的

again, no interest in designer babies --

基因编辑技术研究 都是在实验室里完成的——

a few people going the designer baby route,

很少一部分人的研究是关于婴儿设计，

things go badly,

事情的发展不太乐观，

that entire field could be damaged.

整个领域都可能会被破坏。

I also think it's not that unlikely

我认为这样

that governments might start taking an interest in genetic modification.

会使政府开始关注基因编辑。

So for example our imagined GM Jenna child

用我们想象出的更健康的

who is healthier,

基因编辑儿童珍娜做个例子，

if there's a generation that looks like they have lower health care costs,

如果有像珍娜的一代人， 他们不再需要高昂的医疗保健费用，

it's possible that governments may start trying to compel their citizens

那么政府就很有可能开始强迫市民

to go the GM route.

都开始尝试基因编辑。

Look at China's one-child policy.

看看中国的计划生育政策。

It's thought that that prevented the birth of 400 million human beings.

它阻止了4亿人口的增长。

So it's not beyond the realm of possible

所以基因编辑 并不是一个理想化的存在，

that genetic modification could be something that governments push.

而是可以在政府的推动下 顺利实行的。

And if designer babies become popular,

如果婴儿编辑在现在这样一个

in our digital age --

有着营销视频、社交媒体的

viral videos, social media --

数字化时代进行推广的话会怎么样，

what if designer babies are thought to be fashionable,

如果设计婴儿被看做新的上层人士，

and they kind of become the new glitterati,

新的卡戴珊家族，

the new Kardashians or something?

这些时尚潮流的话又会怎么样？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You know, are those trends that we really could control?

这些难道不是我们可以控制的趋势吗？

I'm not convinced that we could.

我不是在说我们一定可以。

So again, today it's Halloween

今天是万圣节，

and when we talk about genetic modification,

我们在这里讨论了基因编辑技术，

there's one Halloween-associated character

当谈论到与万圣节有关的人物时，

that is talked about or invoked more than anything else,

就一定会提到一个人物，

and that is Frankenstein.

那就是弗兰肯斯坦 （科幻小说中人物）。

Mostly that's been Frankenfoods and all this other stuff.

讨论的内容 就是那些转基因食品什么的。

But if we think about this now and we think about it in the human context

但如果我们现在把这些东西 带入到人类环境的氛围中想想，

on a day like Halloween,

在万圣节，

if parents can in essence costume their children genetically,

父母亲如果能够从本质上 用基因来“装扮”自己的孩子的话，

are we going to be talking about a Frankenstein 2.0 kind of situation?

那我们现在说的 就是2.0版的弗兰肯斯坦了。

I don't think so. I don't think it's going to get to that extreme.

我其实不认为我们 会到弗兰肯斯坦这么极端的状况，

But when we are going about hacking the human code,

但是当我们要做的事情 是黑了人类代码的时候，

I think all bets are off in terms of what might come of that.

我认为任何关于此类事件的猜测 都应该停止了。

There would still be dangers.

一定会有危险存在。

And we can look in the past

我们可以回望过去，

to other elements of transformative science

看看其他的因素 或者是那些革命性的科学，

and see how they can basically go out of control

看看它们是如何挣脱控制，

and permeate society.

渗透到整个社会当中的。

So I'll just give you one example, and that is in vitro fertilization.

我给你们举一个关于体外受精的例子。

Almost exactly 40 years ago,

四十年前吧， 我应该可以确定就是四十年前，

test tube baby number one Louise Brown was born,

露易·丝布朗， 第一个试管婴儿出生了，

and that's a great thing,

真是一个可喜可贺的事情，

and I think since then five million IVF babies have been born,

从那时起，大概有五百万个 通过试管受精的婴儿出生了，

bringing immeasurable happiness.

带来了不可估量的喜悦。

A lot of parents now can love those kids.

它使得一些父母 有机会爱他们的孩子。

But if you think about it, in four decades,

但是如果仔细想想 在短短四十年间，

five million babies being born from a new technology

五百万个婴儿 是用一种新的技术生出来的，

is pretty remarkable,

这是很了不起的，

and the same kind of thing could happen

而同样的事情也有可能发生，

with human genetic modification and designer babies.

只要我们运用人类基因编辑技术 ， 只要我们接受婴儿设计。

So depending on the decisions we make in the next few months,

所以基于我们在未来几个月 或者是未来几年当中

the next year or so,

会做出的决定，

if designer baby number one is born,

如果第一个设计婴儿可以出生，

within a few decades,

那么只需要几十年不到，

there could well be millions of genetically modified humans.

就会有数以百万计的基因编辑人类。

And there's a difference there too, because if we, you in the audience, or I,

但设计婴儿与试管婴儿也有不同之处， 因为如果我们

if we decide to have a designer baby,

不论是坐在观众席的你们，还是我， 如果我们决定拥有一个设计婴儿，

then their children will also be genetically modified, and so on,

那么他们的孩子及后代也都会是 被基因编辑了的，

because it's heritable.

因为这项技术是可遗传的。

So that's a big difference.

所以，这与试管婴儿 也是有很大区别的。

So with all of this in mind,

现在我们已经 考虑到了这么多问题，

what should we do?

我们应该做些什么？

There's actually going to be a meeting

实际上在距离明天还有一个月时间， 关于这个问题

a month from tomorrow in Washington, D.C.

在华盛顿特区会有一个会议

by the US National Academy of Sciences

由美国国家科学院举办的，

to tackle that exact question.

就我们应该做什么 这个问题做一个细致的讨论。

What is the right path forward with human genetic modification?

在人类基因编辑这条道路上， 怎么走才是正确的？

I believe at this time

我个人相信此时此刻，

we need a moratorium.

我们需要暂停一下。

We have to ban this.

我们应该禁止这件事情。

We should not allow creating genetically modified people,

我们不应该允许 基因编辑的人类被创造出来，

because it's just too dangerous and too unpredictable.

因为那太危险了， 并且一切都是未知的。

But there's a lot of people --

但是还有很多人——

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Thanks.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And let me say, just as a scientist,

请允许我说， 很多人作为一个科学家，

it's a little bit scary for me to say that in public,

对我来说在 公共场合这样说是一个很可怕的事，

because science generally doesn't like self-regulation and things like that.

因为科学并不简简单单的 是自我调节那么简单。

So I think we need to put a hold on this,

所以我认为我们需要暂停一下，

but there are many people who not only disagree with me,

但有很多人不仅不赞同我的说法，

they feel the exact opposite.

想的还跟我恰好相反。

They're like, step on the gas, full speed ahead,

他们就好像，踩油门，加油冲，

let's make designer babies.

来吧，来做婴儿设计吧。

And so in the meeting in December

所以在十二月份的那个会议上，

and other meetings that are likely to follow in the next few months,

以及在未来几个月的会议上，

it's very possible there may be no moratorium.

很有可能不会有任何的暂停。

And I think part of the problem that we have

我认为，我们现在问题的 一部分就是

is that all of this trend,

这些趋势，

this revolution in genetic modification applying to humans,

这个应用在人类身上的 基因编辑的革命，

the public hasn't known about it.

还没有被公共所熟知。

Nobody has been saying,

目前为止还没有人说，

look, this is a big deal, this is a revolution,

看啊，大事要发生了， 有一场革命呢，

and this could affect you in very personal ways.

这场革命会对我们每个人的 方方面面产生影响。

And so part of my goal is actually to change that

所以我目标的一部分 就是改变这个现状，

and to educate and engage with the public

去教育大众并与大家紧密联系，

and get you guys talking about this.

让大家都在讨论基因编辑。

And so I hope at these meetings that there will be a role for the public

我同时也希望这些会议 能够给公众一个位置，

to bring their voice to bear as well.

使公众的声音也能够被听到。

So if we kind of circle back now to 2030 again, that imagined story,

所以我们现在 回到那个假设故事里的2030年，

and depending on the decisions we make, again, today --

由于我们今天做出的决定，

literally we don't have a lot of time --

毫不夸张的说， 我们并没有多少做决定的时间了——

in the next few months, the next year or so,

就在接下来的几个月或者几年，

because this technology is spreading like wildfire.

因为这项技术就像野火一样在蔓延。

Let's pretend we're back in that reality.

让我们假装回到了那个“现实”。

We're at a park,

我们在公园里，

and our kid is swinging on the swing.

我们的孩子在荡秋千，

Is that kid a regular old kid,

那是一个普通的孩子，

or did we decide to have a designer baby?

还是我们所决定的被设计出的孩子？

And let's say we went the sort of traditional route,

假如我们选择的是传统的路线，

and there's our kid swinging on the swing,

那边是我们的孩子在荡秋千，

and frankly, they're kind of a mess.

坦白来说，他们有些乱糟糟的。

Their hair is all over the place like mine.

他们的头发， 就好像我的一样到处都是。

They have a stuffy nose.

他们有一个不通气的鼻子。

They're not the best student in the world.

他们不是世界上最好的学生。

They're adorable, you love them,

他们很可爱，你也爱他们，

but there on the swing next to them,

但在他们旁边的秋千上，

their best friend is a GM kid,

他们最好的朋友是基因编辑孩子，

and the two of them are kind of swinging like this,

他们就好像这样在荡秋千，

and you can't help but compare them, right?

那你就会情不自禁的 把他们作比较，对吧？

And the GM kid is swinging higher,

基因编辑出的孩子荡的更高些，

they look better, they're a better student,

他们看起来更好，他们是个好学生，

they don't have that stuffy nose you need to wipe.

他们没有需要你擦的不通气的鼻子。

How is that going to make you feel

这会让你感到什么，

and what decision might you make next time?

如果再给你一次机会， 你会怎么选择？

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）