How the US government spies on people who protest -- including you | Jennifer Granick

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

We are all activists now.

Svi mi smo sada aktivisti.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

I'll just stop here.

Jednostavno ću tu da stanem.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

From the families who are fighting to maintain funding for public schools,

Od porodica koje se bore da održe finansiranje javnih škola,

the tens of thousands of people who joined Occupy Wall Street

desetine hiljada ljudi pridruženih pokretu „Okupirajte Vol strit“

or marched with Black Lives Matter

ili onih koji su marširali uz pokret „Životi crnaca su važni“

to protest police brutality against African Americans,

da bi protestovali protiv brutalnosti policije prema Afroamerikancima,

families that join rallies,

preko porodica koje se priključuju mitinzima,

pro-life and pro-choice,

protiv abortusa i za mogućnost izbora,

those of us who are afraid

onih među nama koji se boje

that our friends and neighbors are going to be deported

da će nam prijatelji i susedi biti deportovani

or that they'll be added to lists

ili da će ih dodati na spiskove

because they are Muslim,

zato što su muslimani,

people who advocate for gun rights and for gun control

do ljudi koji se zalažu za pravo na oružje i onih za kontrolu oružja

and the millions of people who joined the women's marches

i miliona ljudi koji su se priključili marševima žena

all across the country this last January.

širom zemlje ovog januara.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We are all activists now,

Sada smo svi mi aktivisti,

and that means that we all have something to worry about from surveillance.

a to znači da svi imamo razloga da budemo zabrinuti zbog nadzora.

Surveillance means government collection and use

Nadzor podrazumeva prikupljanje i upotrebu

of private and sensitive data about us.

ličnih i osetljivih podataka o nama od strane vlasti.

And surveillance is essential

Nadzor je od suštinskog značaja

to law enforcement and to national security.

za primenu zakona i nacionalnu bezbednost.

But the history of surveillance

Ali, istorija nadzora

is one that includes surveillance abuses

je takva da obuhvata njegovu zloupotrebu,

where this sensitive information has been used against people

pri čemu su te osetljive informacije korišćene protiv ljudi

because of their race,

zbog njihove rase,

their national origin,

nacionalnog porekla,

their sexual orientation,

seksualne orijentacije,

and in particular, because of their activism,

a naročito zbog njihovog aktivizma,

their political beliefs.

njihovih političkih uverenja.

About 53 years ago,

Pre oko 53 godine,

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a dream" speech

dr Martin Luter King je održao svoj govor „Ja imam san“

on the Mall in Washington.

u Nacionalnom centru u Vašingtonu.

And today the ideas behind this speech of racial equality and tolerance

Danas ideje u osnovi ovog govora o rasnoj jednakosti i toleranciji

are so noncontroversial

toliko nisu kontroverzne

that my daughters study the speech in third grade.

da moje ćerke izučavaju ovaj govor u trećem razredu.

But at the time,

Ali, u to vreme,

Dr. King was extremely controversial.

dr King je bio izuzetno kontroverzan.

The legendary and notorious FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover believed,

Legendarni i ozloglašeni direktor Ef-Bi-Aja Dž. Edgar Huver verovao je,

or wanted to believe,

ili je želeo da veruje,

that the Civil Rights Movement was a Soviet communist plot

u to da je pokret za građanska prava bio sovjetska komunistička zavera

intended to destabilize the American government.

sa namerom da destabilizuje američku vlast.

And so Hoover had his agents put bugs in Dr. King's hotel rooms,

Tako je Huver slao agente da postavljaju prislušne uređaje

u hotelske sobe dr. Kinga,

and those bugs picked up conversations between civil rights leaders

a ti uređaji su snimili razgovore između predvodnika pokreta za građanska prava

talking about the strategies and tactics of the Civil Rights Movement.

u kojima su govorili o strategijama i taktikama pokreta za građanska prava.

They also picked up sounds of Dr. King

Takođe su snimili zvukove dr Kinga

having sex with women who were not his wife,

dok je upražnjavao seks sa ženama koje nisu bile njegova supruga,

and J. Edgar Hoover saw the opportunity here

a Džej Edgar Huver je tu video priliku

to discredit and undermine the Civil Rights Movement.

da diskredituje i podriva pokret za građanska prava.

The FBI sent a package of these recordings

Ef-Bi-Aj je dr Kingu poslao paket sa ovim snimcima

along with a handwritten note to Dr. King,

zajedno sa rukom napisanim pisamcetom,

and a draft of this note was found in FBI archives years later,

a nacrt tog pisamceta je pronađen godinama kasnije u arhivi Ef-Bi-Aja

and the letter said,

i to pismo kaže:

"You are no clergyman and you know it.

„Nisi sveštenik i to znaš.

King, like all frauds, your end is approaching."

Kingu, kao i svim prevarantima, bliži ti se kraj.“

The letter even seemed to encourage Dr. King to commit suicide,

Čak se činilo da pismo podstiče dr Kinga da izvrši samoubistvo,

saying, "King, there is only one thing left for you to do.

navodeći: „Kingu, samo jedno ti preostaje.

You know what it is.

Znaš šta je to.

You better take it before your filthy, abnormal, fraudulent self

Bolje ti je da to uradiš dok tvoje prljavo, nenormalno, lažno lice

is bared to the nation."

nije razotkriveno pred nacijom.“

But the important thing is,

Ali, bitna stvar je

Dr. King was not abnormal.

da dr King nije bio nenormalan.

Every one of us has something that we want to hide from somebody.

Svako od nas ima nešto što želimo da sakrijemo od nekoga.

And even more important,

Što je još važnije,

J. Edgar Hoover wasn't abnormal either.

ni Džej Edgar Huver nije bio nenormalan.

The history of surveillance abuses

Istorija zloupotrebe nadzora

is not the history of one bad, megalomaniacal man.

nije istorija jednog lošeg, megalomanskog čoveka.

Throughout his decades at the FBI,

Tokom decenija provedenih u Ef-Bi-Aju,

J. Edgar Hoover enjoyed the support of the presidents that he served,

Džej Edgar Huver je uživao podršku predsednika kojima je služio,

Democratic and Republican alike.

demokrata kao i republikanaca.

After all, it was John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert Kennedy

Na kraju krajeva, Džon F. Kenedi i njegov brat Robert Kenedi su bili ti

who knew about and approved the surveillance of Dr. King.

koji su znali za nadzor dr Kinga i odobrili ga.

Hoover ran a program called COINTELPRO for 15 years

Huver je 15 godina rukovodio programom pod imenom KOINTELPRO

which was designed to spy on and undermine civic groups

koji je bio namenjen da špijunira i podriva grupe građana

that were devoted to things like civil rights,

koje su bile posvećene stvarima poput građanskih prava,

the Women's Rights Movement,

pokreta za prava žena,

and peace groups and anti-war movements.

mirovnih grupa i antiratnih pokreta.

And the surveillance didn't stop there.

Nadzor se nije zaustavio na tome.

Lyndon Baines Johnson,

Lindon Bejns Džonson

during the election campaign,

je za vreme izborne kampanje

had the campaign airplane of his rival Barry Goldwater bugged

ozvučio avion kampanje svog suparnika Berija Goldvotera

as part of his effort to win that election.

kao deo svojih nastojanja da pobedi na tim izborima.

And then, of course, there was Watergate.

Zatim je, naravno, tu bio Votergejt.

Burglars were caught

Uhvaćeni su provalnici

breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters

dok su provaljivali u sedište Demokratskog nacionalnog komiteta

at the Watergate Hotel,

u hotelu Votergejt,

the Nixon administration was involved in covering up the burglary,

Niksonova administracija je bila umešana u prikrivanje provaljivanja

and eventually Nixon had to step down as president.

i na kraju je Nikson morao da se povuče kao predsednik.

COINTELPRO and Watergate were a wake-up call for Americans.

KOINTELPRO i Votergejt bili su poziv za buđenje Amerikancima.

Surveillance was out of control

Nadzor se oteo kontroli

and it was being used to squelch political challengers.

i korišćen je da bi se pregazili politički protivnici.

And so Americans rose to the occasion

Tako su se Amerikanci snašli u datoj situaciji

and what we did was we reformed surveillance law.

i reformisali smo zakon o nadzoru.

And the primary tool we used to reform surveillance law

Osnovno sredstvo koje smo koristili za reformu zakona o nadzoru

was to require a search warrant

bilo je zahtevanje naloga za pretres

for the government to be able to get access to our phone calls and our letters.

da bi vlast mogla da pristupi našim telefonskim pozivima i pismima.

Now, the reason why a search warrant is important

Razlog zbog kojeg je važan nalog za pretres

is because it interposes a judge

je zato što umeće sudiju

in the relationship between investigators and the citizens,

u odnos između istražitelja i građana,

and that judge's job is to make sure

a posao tog sudije je da se uveri

that there's good cause for the surveillance,

da postoji dobar razlog za nadzor,

that the surveillance is targeted at the right people,

da je nadzor usmeren ka pravim ljudima

and that the information that's collected

i da će informacije koje se prikupljaju

is going to be used for legitimate government purposes

biti korišćene za legitimne svrhe vlasti,

and not for discriminatory ones.

a ne u svrhu diskriminacije.

This was our system,

To je bio naš sistem,

and what this means is

a to podrazumeva

that President Obama did not wiretap Trump Tower.

da predsednik Obama nije prisluškivao Trampovu kulu.

The system is set up to prevent something like that from happening

Sistem je podešen da spreči da se tako nešto dogodi

without a judge being involved.

bez uključivanja sudije.

But what happens when we're not talking about phone calls or letters anymore?

Međutim, šta se desi kada više ne govorimo o telefonskim pozivima i pismima?

Today, we have technology

Danas imamo tehnologiju

that makes it cheap and easy for the government to collect information

koja vlastima pruža jeftin i lak način da prikupljaju informacije

on ordinary everyday people.

o običnim ljudima sa normalnim životom.

Your phone call records

Evidencije vaših telefonskih poziva

can reveal whether you have an addiction,

mogu da otkriju da li imate bolest zavisnosti,

what your religion is,

koje ste veroispovesti,

what charities you donate to,

kojim dobrotvornim organizacijama donirate,

what political candidate you support.

kog političkog kandidata podržavate.

And yet, our government collected, dragnet-style,

A ipak, naša vlada je sakupljala, hvatala u mrežu,

Americans' calling records for years.

podatke o pozivima Amerikanaca tokom mnogo godina.

In 2012, the Republican National Convention

Godine 2012, republikanska nacionalna konvencija

highlighted a new technology it was planning to use,

istakla je novu tehnologiju koju je planirala da upotrebi,

facial recognition,

prepoznavanje lica,

to identify people who were going to be in the crowd

da bi identifikovala ljude koji su odlazili da bi bili deo mase,

who might be activists or troublemakers

koji bi mogli biti aktivisti ili izazivači nereda

and to stop them ahead of time.

i da bi ih unapred zaustavila.

Today, over 50 percent of American adults

Danas preko 50 posto odraslih Amerikanaca

have their faceprint in a government database.

ima sliku svog lica u vladinoj bazi podataka.

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Biro za alkohol, duvan, vatreno oružje i eksplozive

concocted a plan

smislio je plan

to find out what Americans were going to gun shows

da otkrije koji Amerikanci odlaze na sajmove oružja

by using license plate detectors

koristeći detektore registarskih tablica

to scan the license plates of cars

da bi skenirali registarske tablice automobila

that were in the parking lots of these events.

koji su bili na parkinzima ovih događanja.

Today, we believe that over 70 percent of police departments

Danas verujemo da više od 70 odsto policijskih odeljenja

have automatic license plate detection technology

ima automatsku tehnologiju za detektovanje registarskih tablica

that they're using to track people's cars as they drive through town.

koju koriste za praćenje automobila ljudi dok se voze kroz grad.

And all of this information,

Sve te informacije,

the license plates, the faceprints,

registarske tablice, slike lica,

the phone records,

evidencija poziva,

your address books, your buddy lists,

vaši adresari, vaše liste prijatelja,

the photos that you upload to Dropbox or Google Photos,

slike koje kačite na Dropboks ili Guglove slike,

and sometimes even your chats and your emails

a ponekad čak i kada se dopisujete putem četova i mejlova,

are not protected by a warrant requirement.

nisu zaštićeni zahtevom za nalog.

So what that means is we have all of this information on regular people

To znači da imamo sve te informacije o običnim ljudima

that's newly available at very low expense.

koje su iznova dostupne po veoma niskoj ceni.

It is the golden age for surveillance.

Zlatno je doba nadzora.

Now, every parent is going to understand what this means.

Svaki roditelj će razumeti šta ovo znači.

When you have a little baby

Kada imate bebu

and the baby's young,

i ta beba je mala,

that child is not able to climb out of its crib.

to dete ne može da izađe iz svog kreveca.

But eventually your little girl gets older

Ali, u nekom trenutku vaša devojčica postaje starija

and she's able to climb out of the crib,

i u stanju je da izađe iz kreveca,

but you tell her, "Don't climb out of the crib. OK?"

ali joj vi kažete: „Ne izlazi iz kreveca. U redu?“

And every parent knows what's going to happen.

Svaki roditelj zna šta će se desiti.

Some of those babies are going to climb out of the crib.

Neke bebe će izlaziti iz kreveca.

Right? That's the difference between ability and permission.

Je l' tako? To je razlika između mogućnosti i dozvole.

Well, the same thing is true with the government today.

Pa, ista stvar važi kod današnje vlasti.

It used to be that our government didn't have the ability

Nekada naša vlast nije imala mogućnost

to do widespread, massive surveillance on hundreds of millions of Americans

da vrši rasprostranjen, obiman nadzor nad stotinama miliona Amerikanaca

i da zatim zloupotrebljava te informacije,

and then abuse that information.

But now our government has grown up,

ali naša vlast je sada porasla

and we have that technology today.

i danas imamo tu tehnologiju.

The government has the ability,

Vlast ima sposobnost,

and that means the law is more important than ever before.

a to znači da je zakon važniji nego ikada ranije.

The law is supposed to say

Zakon treba da kaže

when the government has permission to do it,

kada vlast ima dozvolu da to čini

and it's supposed to ensure that there's some kind of ramification.

i treba da osigura da postoji neka vrsta posledice.

We notice when those laws are broken

Primećujemo kada se ti zakoni prekrše

and there's some of kind of ramification or punishment.

i kada postoji neka vrsta posledice ili kazne.

The law is more important than ever because we are now living in a world

Zakon je važniji nego ikada jer sada živimo u svetu

where only rules are stopping the government

u kome samo pravila sprečavaju vlast

from abusing this information.

da zloupotrebi te informacije.

But the law has fallen down on the job.

Ali, zakon je podbacio na tom zadatku.

Particularly since September 11 the law has fallen down on the job,

Naročito je podbacio na tom zadatku od 11. septembra,

and we do not have the rules in place that we need.

i nemamo uspostavljene zakone koji su nam potrebni.

And we are seeing the ramifications of that.

I vidimo posledice toga.

So fusion centers are these joint task forces

Centri fuzije su ove udružene radne grupe

between local, state and federal government

između lokalne, državne i federalne vlasti

that are meant to ferret out domestic terrorism.

koje imaju za cilj da iščeprkaju domaći terorizam.

And what we've seen is fusion center reports

Ono što smo viđali u izveštajima centara fuzije

that say that you might be dangerous

koji kažu da možete biti opasni

if you voted for a third-party candidate,

ako ste glasali za sporednog kandidata

or you own a "Don't Tread On Me" flag,

ili posedujete zastavu „Ne gazi me“,

or you watched movies that are anti-tax.

ili ste gledali filmove koji su protiv poreza.

These same fusion centers have spied on Muslim community groups' reading lists

Isti ti centri fuzije su špijunirali liste literature grupa muslimanske zajednice

and on Quakers who are resisting military recruiting in high schools.

i kvekere koji se suprotstavljaju vojnom regrutovanju u srednjim školama.

The Internal Revenue Service has disproportionately audited

Poreska uprava je nesrazmerno vršila proveru

groups that have "Tea Party" or "Patriot" in their name.

grupa koje imaju u imenu reči „čajanka“ ili „patriota“.

And now customs and border patrol

A sada carina i granična patrola

is stopping people as they come into the country

zaustavljaju ljude kada dolaze u zemlju

and demanding our social networking passwords

i zahtevaju šifre za društvene mreže

which will allow them to see who our friends are,

koje će im omogućiti da vide ko su nam prijatelji,

what we say

šta govorimo,

and even to impersonate us online.

pa čak i da nas oponašaju na internetu.

Now, civil libertarians like myself

Građanski libertarijanci poput mene

have been trying to draw people's attention to these things

pokušavaju da privuku pažnju ljudi na te stvari

and fighting against them for years.

i bore se protiv njih godinama.

This was a huge problem during the Obama administration,

Ovo je bio ogroman problem za vreme Obamine administracije,

but now the problem is worse.

ali sada je problem veći.

When the New York Police Department

Kada njujorška policija

spies on Muslims

špijunira muslimane

or a police department uses license plate detectors

ili policija koristi detektore registarskih tablica

to find out where the officers' spouses are

da bi saznali gde se nalaze supružnici policajaca

or those sorts of things,

i tome slično,

that is extremely dangerous.

to je izuzetno opasno,

But when a president repurposes the power

ali kada predsednik preusmeri moć

of federal surveillance and the federal government

federalnog nadzora i federalne vlade

to retaliate against political opposition,

da bi vršio odmazdu protiv političke opozicije,

that is a tyranny.

to je tiranija.

And so we are all activists now,

Zato smo sada svi aktivisti

and we all have something to fear from surveillance.

i svi imamo razloga za strah od nadzora.

But just like in the time of Dr. Martin Luther King,

Ali, baš kao u vreme dr Martina Lutera Kinga,

we can reform the way things are.

možemo reformisati stvari kako stoje sada.

First of all, use encryption.

Pre svega, koristite enkripciju.

Encryption protects your information

Enkripcija štiti vaše informacije

from being inexpensively and opportunistically collected.

od njihovog jeftinog i oportunističkog prikupljanja.

It rolls back the golden age for surveillance.

Vraća unazad zlatno doba nadzora.

Second, support surveillance reform.

Drugo, podržite reformu nadzora.

Did you know that if you have a friend

Da li ste znali da, ako imate prijatelja

who works for the French or German governments

koji radi za francusku ili nemačku vladu,

or for an international human rights group

za međunarodnu grupu za ljudska prava

or for a global oil company

ili za globalnu kompaniju nafte,

that your friend is a valid foreign intelligence target?

on je verodostojna meta inostrane obaveštajne službe?

And what that means is that when you have conversations with that friend,

To znači da, kada vodite razgovor sa tim prijateljem,

the US government may be collecting that information.

vlada SAD-a možda prikuplja te informacije.

And when that information is collected,

A kada se te informacije sakupe,

even though it's conversations with Americans,

iako je u pitanju razgovor sa Amerikancem,

it can then be funneled to the FBI

mogu se proslediti Ef-Bi-Aju,

where the FBI is allowed to search through it

pri čemu je Ef-Bi-Aju dozvoljeno da ga pregleda

without getting a warrant,

bez dobijanja naloga,

without probable cause,

bez mogućeg razloga,

looking for information about Americans

tražeći informacije o Amerikancima

and whatever crimes we may have committed

i o kojim god prestupima koje smo možda počinili

with no need to document any kind of suspicion.

bez potrebe da dokumentuju bilo kakvu sumnju.

The law that allows some of this to happen

Zakon koji omogućava da se ove pojedine stvari događaju

is called Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act,

naziva se Odeljak 702 izmena i dopuna Zakona o spoljnoj obaveštajnoj kontroli,

and we have a great opportunity this year,

a imamo sjajnu priliku ove godine,

because Section 702 is going to expire at the end of 2017,

jer će Odeljak 702 isteći krajem 2017. godine,

which means that Congress's inertia is on our side

što znači da je inertnost kongresa

na našoj strani ako hoćemo reformu.

if we want reform.

And we can pressure our representatives

Možemo vršiti pritisak na svoje predstavnike

to actually implement important reforms to this law

da zaista primene važne reforme na ovaj zakon

and protect our data from this redirection and misuse.

i zaštite naše podatke od ovog preusmeravanja i zloupotrebe.

And finally, one of the reasons why things have gotten so out of control

Najzad, jedan od razloga zbog kojeg su se stvari otrgle kontroli

is because so much of what happens with surveillance --

je zato što je toliko toga od onog što se dešava sa nadzorom -

the technology, the enabling rules and the policies

tehnologija, pravila koja daju mogućnost i političke smernice

that are either there or not there to protect us --

koje ili jesu ili nisu tu da nas zaštite -

are secret or classified.

tajno ili poverljivo.

We need transparency, and we need to know as Americans

Potrebna nam je transparentnost,

i moramo da znamo kao Amerikanci šta vlast čini u naše ime

what the government is doing in our name

so that the surveillance that takes place and the use of that information

tako da nadzor koji se vrši i korišćenje tih informacija

is democratically accounted for.

budu demokratski sračunati.

We are all activists now,

Svi mi smo sada aktivisti,

which means that we all have something to worry about from surveillance.

što znači da svi imamo razloga za brigu zbog nadzora.

But like in the time of Dr. Martin Luther King,

Ali, kao u vreme dr Martina Lutera Kinga,

there is stuff that we can do about it.

ima stvari koje možemo preduzeti u vezi sa time.

So please join me, and let's get to work.

Zato vas molim da mi se pridružite i bacimo se na posao.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)