How kids can help design cities | Mara Mintzer

Prevodilac: Dragana Savanovic Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Our society routinely makes decisions

Naše društvo rutinski donosi odluke

without consulting a quarter of the population.

bez konsultacije sa četvrtinom populacije.

We're making choices about land use, energy production and natural resources

Donosimo odluke o korišćenju zemljišta, proizvodnji energije i prirodnim resursima

without the ideas and experiences of the full community.

bez ideja i iskustava cele zajednice.

The car, an inanimate object, has more say over public policy

Auto, neživa stvar, ima veću ulogu u javnoj politici

than this group of citizens.

nego ova grupa građana.

Can you guess which group I'm talking about?

Možete li da pogodite o kojoj grupi govorim?

It's children.

O deci.

I work in urban design, and not surprisingly,

Radim u urbanističkom planiranju, i nije iznenađujuće

most cities are designed by adults.

što su većinu gradova dizajnirali odrasli.

Urban planners, architects, developers, politicians,

Urbanisti, arhitekte, projektanti, političari,

and occasionally, a few loud citizens.

i ponekad, par glasnih građana.

Rarely do you consider the voices of a group of four-year-olds,

Retko kad biste razmatrali glasove grupe četvorogodišnjaka,

barely tall enough to reach the podium at city council chambers.

koji su jedva dovoljno visoki da dohvate govornicu u gradskom veću.

But today, I want to ask you this:

Ali danas želim da vas pitam ovo:

What would happen if we asked children to design our cities?

šta bi se desilo kada bismo tražili da deca dizajniraju naše gradove?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Back in 2009, I was introduced to a small group of people

Još 2009. godine sam upoznala malu grupu ljudi

who wanted to start a child-friendly city initiative in Boulder, Colorado.

koja je želela da započne gradsku inicijativu naklonjenu deci

u Bolderu, u Koloradu.

I come from a family of civil rights advocates,

Dolazim iz porodice pobornika za ljudska prava,

and I had spent my career until that point

i dotadašnju karijeru sam provela

working with low-income children and families.

radeći sa decom i porodicama sa niskim prihodima.

But I had never heard of a child-friendly city initiative before.

Ali nikada do tada nisam čula za gradsku inicijativu naklonjenu deci.

So I figured its purpose would be to address some of the frustrations

Pa sam smatrala da je njena svrha da prepozna neke od frustracija

I had encountered as the parent of a young child.

sa kojima sam se susrela kao roditelj malog deteta.

Perhaps we would advocate for more changing tables in restaurants.

Možda bismo se zalagali za više pultova za presvlačenje u restoranima.

Or create indoor play spaces for those cold and rainy days.

Ili zatvorene igraonice za hladne i kišne dane.

In other words, make the city more hospitable to children and families.

Drugim rečima, da učinimo grad gostoprimljivijim za decu i porodice.

It wasn't until after I committed to this project

Tek nakon što sam se posvetila ovom projektu,

that I realized I had it all wrong.

shvatila sam da sam pogrešila.

We wouldn't be designing better cities for children.

Ne bismo mi dizajnirali bolje gradove za decu.

Children would be designing better cities for themselves,

Deca bi dizajnirala bolje gradove za sebe,

and for the rest of us, too.

a i za nas, takođe.

Now, I bet you're skeptical about this idea.

Sigurno ste skeptični o ovom pitanju.

And honestly, I was, too.

Iskreno, i ja sam bila.

I mean, there must be a reason the voting age is 18.

Mislim, mora da postoji razlog što je glasačka dob 18 godina.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

How could children possibly understand complex ideas

Kako bi deca uopšte mogla da razumeju složene ideje

such as the affordable housing crisis

kao što je kriza pristupačnih stanova

or how to develop a transportation master plan?

ili kako se razvija urbanistički plan prevoza?

And even if they had ideas, wouldn't they be childish?

A čak i ako bi imali ideje, zar one ne bi bile detinjaste?

Or unreasonable?

Ili nerazumne?

Da li je našim gradovima zaista potreban park od slatkiša?

Do our cities really need a park made out of candy?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Or a bridge with water cannons

Ili most sa vodenim topovima koji prskaju vodu

that fire water onto unsuspecting kayakers below?

na kajakaše ispod koji ne predosećaju šta im sledi?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

While these concerns sound legitimate,

Iako su ove brige opravdane,

I realized that not including children in city planning

shvatila sam da je veći problem dizajna

was a bigger design problem.

ako ne uključimo decu u planiranje grada.

After all, shouldn't we include end users in the design process?

Naposletku, zar ne bi trebalo uključiti krajnje korisnike u dizajniranje?

If we're building a park to be largely used by kids,

Ako gradimo park uglavnom namenjen deci,

then kids should have a say in the park's design.

ona bi trebalo da budu uključena u proces dizajniranja parka.

So with all of this in mind,

Imajući sve ovo na umu,

we formed a program called "Growing Up Boulder,"

napravili smo program nazvan „Razvijanje Boldera“,

and my job is to work with children ages zero through 18

a moj posao je da radim sa decom od nula do osamnaest godina

to come up with innovative city-design solutions.

na osmišljavanju inovativnih rešenja za dizajn grada.

How do we do this, you might ask?

Možda se pitate kako to radimo.

Let me give you a real example.

Daću vam stvaran primer.

In 2012, the city of Boulder decided to redesign a large downtown park,

Bolder je 2012. godine odlučio da rekonstruiše veliki park u centru

known as the Civic Area.

poznat kao Građanska oblast.

This space is bounded by a farmers' market on one end,

Sa jedne strane nalazi se pijaca,

Boulder Public Library on the other end,

sa druge Gradska biblioteka,

and by Boulder Creek, which runs through the middle.

a sredinom protiče Bolderski potok.

The space needed a new design

Prostoru je trebao novi dizajn

to better handle the creek's inevitable flash floods,

kako bi se bolje regulisale neizbežne poplave potoka,

restore a sense of safety to the area

vratio osećaj bezbednosti u ovoj oblasti

and support an expanded farmers' market.

i da bi se pomoglo pijaci koja se proširila.

So from 2012 through 2014,

Od 2012. do 2014. godine

we engaged more than 200 young people in the process,

smo uključili u proces preko 200 mladih ljudi,

ranging from preschool through high school students.

od predškolaca do srednjoškolaca.

Now, how did we do this?

E sad, kako smo to uradili?

Let me explain.

Objasniću.

First, we visited children in their classrooms

Prvo smo posetili decu u učionicama

and presented the project:

i predstavili projekat:

what it was, why their ideas mattered

o čemu se radi, zašto su njihove ideje važne

and what would happen with their recommendations.

i šta bi se desilo sa njihovim preporukama.

Before we could influence them, we asked children to record their ideas,

Pre nego što smo mogli da utičemo na njih,

rekli smo deci da zabeleže ideje na osnovu svog životnog iskustva.

based on their own lived experiences.

Then we asked children to go on a field trip with us,

Onda smo pozvali decu na izlet sa nama,

to document what they liked and didn't like about the space,

da zabeležimo šta im se sviđa a šta ne u tom prostoru,

using photography.

koristeći fotografije.

Through green picture frames,

Pomoću zelenih ramova,

students highlighted what they liked about the space,

deca su označila šta im se sviđa,

such as college students, tubing down the creek.

kao što su studenti koji se spuštaju niz potok na gumama.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Then they flipped those frames over and used the red side

Onda su okrenuli ramove naopako i crvenom stranom

to highlight things they didn't like, such as trash.

označili ono što im se ne sviđa, kao što je smeće.

Our sixth-grade students studied the Civic Area

Šestaci su proučili Građansku oblast

by researching sites with similar challenges

istražujući mesta širom sveta sa sličnim problemima.

from around the world.

Then, we invited the kids to combine their original ideas

Onda smo zamolili decu da kombinuju prvobitne ideje

with their new inspiration,

sa novonastalom inspiracijom

to synthesize solutions to improve the space.

i dođu do rešenja za unapređenje prostora.

Each class invited adult planners, city council and community members

Svaki razred je pozvao odrasle planere, gradsko veće i članove zajednice

into the classroom, to share and discuss their recommendations.

u učionicu, da im saopšte svoje preporuke i razgovaraju o njima.

Boulder's senior urban planners stepped over blocks and stuffed animals

Stariji urbanisti Boldera su se saplitali o kocke i igračke

to explore preschool students' full-size classroom recreation of the Civic Area.

kako bi se upoznali sa dečijim modelom čitave Građanske oblasti.

Adult planners marveled at the students' ideas

Urbanisti su se divili učeničkim idejama

as they shared a park constructed out of a jelly bracelet.

dok su im pokazivali park napravljen od žele narukvice.

It was supposed to be an ice-skating rink.

To je trebalo da bude klizalište.

And then, public art constructed from animal-shaped plastic beads.

A zatim, umetnička dela od plastičnih perlica u obliku životinja.

And while this may seem ridiculous,

Iako ovo može delovati smešno,

it isn't so different from the models that architects create.

ne razlikuje se mnogo od modela koje prave arhitekte.

Now, fast-forward four years, and I am pleased to report

Četiri godine kasnije, s ponosom mogu reći

that many of the children's ideas are being implemented in the Civic Area.

da se mnoge ove dečije ideje primenjuju u Građanskoj oblasti.

For example,

Na primer,

there will be improved access to Boulder Creek,

poboljšaće se pristup potoku,

so kids can play safely in the water.

da deca mogu bezbedno da se igraju u vodi.

Lighting in previously dark underpasses,

Kao i osvetljenje u, do sada mračnim podvožnjacima,

so high school students can walk home safely after school at night.

kako bi srednjoškolci noću mogli bezbedno da pešače do kuće.

And separated biking and walking paths,

Odvojiće se biciklističke i pešačke staze,

so speeding bikers won't hit young people as they stroll by the creek.

kako biciklisti ne bi udarili mlade dok šetaju pored potoka.

My daughter and I even skated on a new, child-requested ice-skating rink,

Moja ćerka i ja smo prošle zime čak i klizale na novom klizalištu

koje su zahtevala deca.

last winter.

So, were all of the kids' ideas implemented at the Civic Area?

Da li su sve dečije ideje primenjene u Građanskoj oblasti?

Of course not.

Naravno da nisu.

Democracy is a messy process.

Demokratija je zapetljan proces.

But just as a reasonable and well-informed adult

Ali baš kao što razumna i dobro informisana odrasla osoba

does not expect all of her ideas to be utilized,

ne očekuje da sve njene ideje budu iskorišćene,

neither does a nine-year-old.

ne očekuje ni devetogodišnjak.

We've now been using this process for eight years,

Ovaj proces koristimo osam godina,

and along the way, we've found some incredible benefits

i usput smo naišli na neke sjajne pogodnosti

to designing cities with children.

dizajniranja gradova sa decom.

First of all, kids think differently from adults.

Prvo, deca ne razmišljaju kao odrasli.

And that's a good thing.

I to je dobro.

Adults think about constraints,

Odrasli misle o ograničenjima,

how much time will a project take,

koliko vremena će trebati za projekat,

how much money will it cost and how dangerous will it be.

koliko će koštati i koliko opasan će biti.

In other words, "Are we going to get sued?"

Drugim rečima: „Da li će nas tužiti?“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's not that these constraints aren't real,

Nisu ova ograničenja nerealna,

but if we kill off ideas from the beginning,

ali ako od starta otpišemo ideje,

it limits our creativity and dampens the design process.

to ograničava našu kreativnost i slabi proces dizajniranja.

Kids, on the other hand, think about possibilities.

S druge strane, deca misle o mogućnostima.

For kids, the sky is the limit.

Za njih je nebo granica.

Literally.

Bukvalno.

When we worked with middle-school students to design teen-friendly parks,

Kada smo sa starijim osnovcima

dizajnirali parkove prilagođene tinejdžerima,

they drew pictures of skydiving, hang gliding,

oni su nacrtali padobranstvo, paraglajding,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

and jumping from trampolines into giant foam pits.

i skakanje sa trambolina u ogromne bazene sa penom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Some of this sounds far-fetched,

Neke ideje zvuče neizvodljivo,

but the commonalities among the activities revealed an important story.

ali sličnosti među aktivnostima otkrivaju važnu priču.

Our adolescents wanted thrill-seeking opportunities.

Naši adolescenti su željni uzbuđenja.

Which makes perfect sense, given their developmental stage in life.

Što ima smisla, s obzirom na njihov uzrast.

So our task, as connectors between inspiration and reality,

Naš zadatak, kao posrednika između inspiracije i realnosti,

was to point them towards activities and equipment

je bio da ih uputimo na aktivnosti i opremu

that actually could be installed in a park.

koja zapravo može biti postavljena u parku.

This is exactly what parks in Australia have done,

Baš ovo je urađeno u parkovima u Australiji,

koji imaju dugačke žičare i kule za penjanje visoke 9 metara.

with their extensive zip lines and their 30-foot-tall climbing towers.

When kids dream up a space,

Kada deca sanjare o prostoru,

they almost always include fun, play and movement in their designs.

njihov dizajn skoro uvek podrazumeva zabavu, igru i kretanje.

Now, this is not what adults prioritize.

Odraslima ovo nije prioritet.

But research shows that fun, play and movement

Ali istraživanje pokazuje da su zabava, igra i kretanje

are exactly what adults need to stay healthy, too.

upravo ono što treba i odraslima da bi ostali zdravi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Who wouldn't enjoy a tree house containing a little lending library

Ko ne bi uživao u kućici na drvetu koja ima malu biblioteku

and comfortable beanbag chairs for reading?

i udobne vreće za sedenje u kojima se čita?

Or what about a public art display

Ili, šta mislite o javnoj umetničkoj instalaciji

that sprays paint onto a canvas each time you walk up the steps?

koja prska boju na platno svaki put kad se penjete uz stepenice?

In addition to fun and play, children value beauty in their designs.

Pored zabave i igre, deci je u dizajnu važna lepota.

When tasked with designing dense affordable housing,

Kada smo im zadali dizajniranje zbijenih pristupačnih stanova,

kids rejected the blocks of identical, beige condominiums

deca su odbacila blokove istih stambenih jedinica bež boje

so many developers favor,

koje mnogi projektanti favorizuju,

and instead, put bright colors on everything,

i umesto toga su stavili svetle boje na sve,

from housing to play equipment.

od stanova do opreme za igranje.

They placed flowers between biking and walking paths,

Stavili su cveće između staza za bicikliste i pešake,

and placed benches along the creek,

i klupe duž potoka,

so kids could hang out with their friends

kako bi deca mogla da se druže

and enjoy the tranquility of the water.

i uživaju u miru vode.

Which leads me to nature.

Što me dovodi do prirode.

Children have a biological need to connect with nature,

Deca imaju biološku potrebu da se povežu sa prirodom,

and this shows up in their designs.

i to se vidi u njihovim dizajnima.

They want nature right in their backyards,

Oni žele prirodu baš u svojim dvorištima,

not four blocks away.

a ne četiri bloka dalje.

So they design communities that incorporate water,

Tako da dizajniraju zajednice koje uključuju vodu,

fruit trees, flowers and animals into their common spaces on site.

stabla voća, cveće i životinje u okviru zajedničkog prostora na datom mestu.

For better or worse, this is logical,

Bilo kako bilo, ovo je logično,

because five-year-olds today are rarely allowed to walk four blocks

jer je petogodišnjacima danas retko dozvoljeno da prepešače četiri bloka

to access a park by themselves.

da bi sami stigli do parka.

And nature in one's immediate environment benefits everyone,

A priroda u neposrednom okruženju prija svima,

since it has been shown to have restorative effects for all ages.

jer se pokazalo da ima okrepljujući efekat na sva starosna doba.

It may come as a surprise,

Možda je iznenađujuće,

but we even take into consideration the desires or our littlest citizens,

ali mi čak uzimamo u obzir i želje naših najmlađih sugrađana,

babies and toddlers.

beba i veoma male dece.

From toddlers, we learned that the joy of walking

Od male dece smo saznali da radost šetanja

comes from what you discover along the way.

proizilazi iz onoga što otkrijete dok šetate.

When they evaluated the walkability of Boulder's 19th Street corridor,

Ocenjujući pešački pristup Devetnaeste ulice u Bolderu,

toddlers spent long stretches exploring leaves in a ditch

deca su se izležavala istražujući lišće u kanaliću

and sparkles in the sidewalk.

i svetlucavi trotoar.

They reminded us to slow down

Podsetili su nas da usporimo

and design a path where the journey is as important as the destination.

i dizajniramo put na kome je putovanje jednako važno kao i destinacija.

In addition to trees and plants,

Pored drveća i biljaka,

kids almost always include animals in their designs.

deca skoro uvek uključuju životinje u svoje dizajne.

Insects, birds and small mammals

Insekti, ptice i mali sisari

figure prominently into children's pictures.

imaju istaknutu ulogu u dečijim crtežima.

Whether it's because they're closer to the ground

Da li je to zato što su bliže zemlji

and can see the grasshoppers better than we can,

pa bolje vide skakavce od nas,

or simply because they have a greater sense of empathy for other beings,

ili prosto zato što imaju veću empatiju prema drugim živim bićima,

children almost always include non-human species in their ideal worlds.

deca skoro uvek uključuju nečovečije vrste u svoj idealni svet.

Across the board, children are inclusive in their city planning.

Na sve strane, deca su uključena u urbanistično planiranje.

They design for everyone, from their grandmother in a wheelchair

Ona dizajniraju za sve ljude, od bake u kolicima

to the homeless woman they see sleeping in the park.

do žene beskućnice koju vide kako spava u parku.

Children design for living creatures,

Deca dizajniraju za živa bića,

not for cars, egos or corporations.

ne za automobile, ega ili korporacije.

The last and perhaps most compelling discovery we made

Naše poslednje i možda najubedljivije otkriće

is that a city friendly to children is a city friendly to all.

je da je grad prilagođen deci prilagođen svima.

Bogota, Colombia mayor Enrique Peñalosa

Enrike Penjalosa, gradonačelnik Bogote, glavnog grada Kolumbije,

observed that children are a kind of indicator species.

primetio je da su deca neka vrsta bioindikatora.

If we can build a successful city for children,

Ako sagradimo uspešan grad za decu,

we will have a successful city for all people.

imaćemo uspešan grad za sve ljude.

Think about it.

Razmislite o tome.

Kids can't just hop in a car and drive to the store.

Deca ne mogu samo da uskoče u auto i odvezu se do prodavnice.

And most kids can't afford an expensive lunch at the nearby cafe.

Većina dece ne može da priušti skup ručak u obližnjem kafiću.

So if we build cities that take into the consideration

Pa ako sagradimo gradove koji uzimaju u obzir

their needs for alternative forms of transportation

njihove potrebe za alternativnim vidovima prevoza

and for cheaper food venues,

i jeftinijim mestima sa hranom,

we meet the needs of many other populations, too.

izaći ćemo u susret potrebama i drugim pripadnicima populacije.

The more frequent and more affordable bus service,

Učestaliji i dostupniji autobuski prevoz,

so desired by our youth,

po želji naše omladine,

also supports the elderly who wish to live independently,

odgovara i starijima koji žele da žive nezavisnije,

after they can no longer drive cars.

kada više ne mogu da voze auta.

Teens' recommendations for smooth, protected walking and skateboarding paths

Preporuke tinejdžera za glatke, bezbedne skejt i šetačke staze

also support the person in a wheelchair who wishes to go smoothly down the path,

takođe odgovara i nekome u kolicima ko želi lagano da prođe stazom,

or the parent pushing a new stroller.

ili roditelju koji gura kolica.

So to me, all of this has revealed something important.

Što se mene tiče, sve ovo nam je otkrilo nešto važno.

An important blind spot.

Važan mrtvi ugao.

If we aren't including children in our planning,

Ako ne uključujemo decu u planiranje,

who else aren't we including?

koga još ne uključujemo?

Are we listening to people of color, immigrants,

Da li slušamo ljude drugih rasa, imigrante,

the elderly and people with disabilities, or with reduced incomes?

starije osobe i ljude sa indvaliditetom, ili smanjenim primanjima?

What innovative design solutions are we overlooking,

Koja inovativna dizajnerska rešenja previđamo,

because we aren't hearing the voices of the full community?

jer ne slušamo celu zajednicu?

We can't possibly know the needs and wants of other people

Nikako ne možemo znati potrebe i želje drugih

without asking.

ako ih ne pitamo.

That goes for kids and for everyone else.

To važi za decu i za sve ostale.

So, adults, let's stop thinking of our children as future citizens

Odrasli, hajde da ne razmišljamo o deci kao o budućim građanima,

and instead, start valuing them for the citizens they are today.

već počnimo ih cenimo kao građane, što oni jesu i danas.

Because our children

Jer naša deca dizajniraju gradove

are designing the cities that will make us happier and healthier.

koji će nas učiniti srećnijima i zdravijima.

Cities filled with nature, play, movement, social connection and beauty.

Gradove pune prirode, igre, kretanja, društvene povezanosti i lepote.

Children are designing the cities we all want to live in.

Deca dizajniraju gradove u kojima svi želimo da živimo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)