To transform child welfare, take race out of the equation | Jessica Pryce

66,105 views ใƒป 2018-09-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jiwon Yang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sojeong KIM
00:12
I want you to imagine that you are a Child Protective Services worker.
0
12944
3754
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:17
And you have to respond to a report of child abuse.
1
17563
2817
์•„๋™ ํ•™๋Œ€ ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
You walk into a home, unannounced, unexpected, certainly uninvited.
2
21159
4865
์˜ˆ๊ณ ์—†์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
The first thing you see is a mattress in the middle of the room, on the floor.
3
27189
3714
๋ฐฉ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋†“์ธ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Three kids lying on it, asleep.
4
30927
2000
์„ธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
There's a small table nearby with a couple of ashtrays,
5
33982
3556
๊ทธ ์˜†์—๋Š” ์žฌ๋–จ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์ธ ์ž‘์€ ํƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:37
empty beer cans.
6
37562
1348
๋นˆ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์บ”๋„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Large rat traps are set in the corner,
7
40268
2579
๊ตฌ์„์—๋Š” ํฐ ์ฅ๋ซ๋“ค์ด ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
not too far from where the kids lie asleep.
8
42871
3166
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์œ„์น˜์—์š”.
00:46
So you make a note.
9
46061
1266
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
A part of your job is walking through the entire home.
10
49173
3174
์ง‘ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
So you start with the kitchen, where there's very little food.
11
52371
2936
๋จผ์ € ๋ถ€์—Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์Œ์‹์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
You notice another mattress in the bedroom, on the floor,
12
56315
3278
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์นจ์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
that the mother shares with her infant child.
13
59617
2642
์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ –๋จน์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:04
Now, generally, at this point, two things may happen.
14
64419
3362
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์—ฐ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
The children are deemed unsafe and removed from the home,
15
68649
3494
์•„๋™์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:12
and placed in state custody for a specified period of time.
16
72167
3338
์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Or the children remain with their family
17
76657
3217
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
01:19
and the child welfare system provides help and support.
18
79898
3725
์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์›€๊ณผ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
When I was a Child Protective Services worker,
19
85699
2143
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ
01:27
I saw things like this all the time.
20
87866
2584
์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Some far better, some far worse.
21
90474
2133
๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:33
I asked you to imagine yourself in that home,
22
93800
2198
๊ทธ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑธ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฑด
01:36
because I wonder what crossed your mind.
23
96022
2413
์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
What guides your decisions?
24
98459
1800
๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:40
What's going to impact your opinion of that family?
25
100729
3080
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:44
What race, ethnicity, did you think the family was?
26
104539
3466
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:49
I want you to realize that if those children were white,
27
109800
3285
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์ง€๋‚ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
it is more likely that their family stays together after that visit.
28
113109
3977
01:58
Research done at the University of Pennsylvania
29
118601
2238
ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:00
found that white families, on average, have access to more help and more support
30
120863
4809
ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ œ๋„์˜
๋„์›€๊ณผ ์ง€์›์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
from the child welfare system.
31
125696
1618
02:07
And their cases are less likely to go through a full investigation.
32
127632
4820
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฉด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์ฃ .
02:14
But on the other hand, if those kids are black,
33
134333
2559
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ‘์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:17
they are four times more likely to be removed,
34
137976
2887
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค 4๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
they spend longer periods of time in foster care,
35
140887
3277
์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํƒ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€
02:24
and it's harder to find them a stable foster placement.
36
144188
3103
์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์œ„ํƒ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ .
02:29
Foster care is meant to be an immediate shelter of protection
37
149299
2889
์œ„ํƒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ž€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ง€๋งŒ
02:32
for kids who are at high risk.
38
152212
1651
02:33
But it's also a confusing and traumatic exit from the family.
39
153887
4133
๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Research done at the University of Minnesota
40
159027
2111
๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:41
found that kids who went through foster care
41
161162
2515
์œ„ํƒ ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
02:43
had more behavioral problems and internalized issues
42
163701
3207
๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋‚จ์•„ ๋„์›€๊ณผ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:46
than kids who remain with their families while receiving help and support.
43
166932
4450
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
The scenario I mentioned earlier is not uncommon.
44
172691
2690
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
A single mother, living in low-income housing
45
175405
2333
์ €์†Œ๋“์ž ์ฃผํƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ธ€๋ง˜์ด
02:57
with her four children.
46
177762
1534
์•„์ด๋“ค ๋„ท์„ ํ‚ค์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And the rats make it almost impossible to keep food,
47
179695
2609
์ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์Œ์‹์€ ๊ณ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:02
let alone fresh food in the home.
48
182328
2267
์ง‘ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Does that mother deserve to have her children taken from her?
49
185792
3356
๊ทธ ์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋‹นํ•ด์•ผ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:10
Emma Ketteringham, a family court attorney,
50
190934
2253
๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์› ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธ ์— ๋งˆ ์ผ€ํ„ฐ๋งํ–„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
says that if you live in a poor neighborhood,
51
193211
2874
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
03:16
then you better be a perfect parent.
52
196109
1819
03:19
She says that we place unfair, often unreachable standards
53
199109
3756
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:22
on parents who are raising their kids with very little money.
54
202889
2873
๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
And their neighborhood and ethnicity
55
206199
2611
๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋„ค์™€ ์ธ์ข…์ด
03:28
impact whether or not their kids are removed.
56
208834
2674
์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
In the two years I spent on the front lines of child welfare,
57
213783
2868
์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:36
I made high-stakes decisions.
58
216675
1593
์ €๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And I saw firsthand how my personal values impacted my work.
59
218292
3523
์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
03:42
Now, as social work faculty at Florida State University,
60
222736
4293
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ
03:47
I lead an institute
61
227053
1151
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
that curates the most innovative and effective child welfare research.
62
228228
3793
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:52
And research tells us that there are twice as many black kids in foster care,
63
232486
4730
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํƒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
twenty-eight percent,
64
237240
1897
๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 28%๋กœ
03:59
than there are in the general population, 14 percent.
65
239161
3753
์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 14% ์ •๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And although there are several reasons why,
66
243673
2063
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:05
I want to discuss one reason today:
67
245760
2238
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
implicit bias.
68
248022
1150
์•”๋ฌต์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด์ฃ .
04:10
Let's start with "implicit."
69
250815
1572
"์•”๋ฌต์ "๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
04:12
It's subconscious, something you're not aware of.
70
252411
2800
๋ฌด์˜์‹์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Bias -- those stereotypes and attitudes
71
256752
2263
"ํŽธ๊ฒฌ", ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๋“ค์€
04:19
that we all have about certain groups of people.
72
259039
2666
ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:22
So, implicit bias is what lurks in the background
73
262021
2991
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•”๋ฌต์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ž€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋„์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
of every decision that we make.
74
265036
2067
04:28
So how can we fix it?
75
268608
1399
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:30
I have a promising solution that I want to share.
76
270973
2808
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now, in almost every state,
77
274671
1348
์ง€๊ธˆ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์—์„œ
04:36
there are high numbers of black kids going into foster care.
78
276043
3257
๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํƒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
But data revealed that Nassau County,
79
280206
3127
๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๋‚˜์†Œ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:43
a community in New York,
80
283357
1643
04:45
had managed to decrease the number of black kids being removed.
81
285024
3476
๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ค„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And in 2016, I went into that community with my team
82
288921
5131
2016๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
04:54
and led a research study,
83
294076
1817
์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
discovering the use of blind removal meetings.
84
295917
3384
๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
This is how it works.
85
299887
1400
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:02
A case worker responds to a report of child abuse.
86
302014
2841
์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋™ ํ•™๋Œ€ ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
They go out to the home,
87
305196
1389
์žํƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
05:06
but before the children are removed,
88
306609
2063
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์น˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
05:08
the case worker must come back to the office
89
308696
2397
์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
05:11
and present what they found.
90
311117
1706
์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
But here's the distinction:
91
313220
1690
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:14
When they present to the committee,
92
314934
1795
์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ
05:16
they delete names, ethnicity, neighborhood, race,
93
316753
3949
์ด๋ฆ„, ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ์ง€์—ญ, ์ธ์ข… ๋“ฑ
05:20
all identifiable information.
94
320726
1933
์‹๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
They focus on what happened, family strength, relevant history
95
323297
5756
๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ ฅ
05:29
and the parents' ability to protect the child.
96
329077
2714
์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ดํ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
With that information, the committee makes a recommendation,
97
332815
3373
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
never knowing the race of the family.
98
336212
2467
์ธ์ข…์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Blind removals have made a drastic impact in that community.
99
340300
3380
๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
In 2011, 57 percent of the kids going into foster care were black.
100
344125
4570
2011๋…„์— ์œ„ํƒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ 57%๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
But after five years of blind removals, that is down to 21 percent.
101
349712
4023
๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ 5๋…„ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 21%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:54
(Applause)
102
354667
6460
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:01
Here's what we learned from talking to some of the case workers.
103
361151
3126
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
"When a family has a history with the department,
104
364916
2968
"์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๋ถ€์„œ์™€ ์–ฝํžŒ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:07
many of us hold that history against them,
105
367908
2651
๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์—ฎ์–ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
even if they're trying to do things differently."
106
370583
2547
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„์š”."
06:13
"When I see a case from a certain apartment building,
107
373892
2618
"์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ํŠน์ • ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‚˜
06:16
neighborhood or zip code,
108
376534
1977
ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ, ์šฐํŽธ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:18
I just automatically think the worst."
109
378535
2278
์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”."
06:22
"Child welfare is very subjective, because it's an emotional field.
110
382034
3619
"์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€๋ž€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:26
There's no one who doesn't have emotions around this work.
111
386114
3112
์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
06:29
And it's very hard to leave all of your stuff at the door
112
389250
2896
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ธฐ๋ž€
06:32
when you do this work.
113
392170
1238
๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ .
06:33
So let's take the subjectivity of race and neighborhood out of it,
114
393432
4189
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:38
and you might get different outcomes."
115
398720
2119
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
06:42
Blind removals seem to be bringing us closer
116
402720
2758
๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š”
์œ„ํƒ ์–‘์œก์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์•”๋ฌต์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊นจ๊ณ 
06:45
to solving the problem of implicit bias in foster-care decisions.
117
405502
4043
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
My next step is figuring out
118
410490
2324
์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
06:52
how to use artificial intelligence and machine learning
119
412838
2961
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ AI์™€ ๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:55
to bring this project to scale
120
415823
2008
ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€
06:57
and make it more accessible to other states.
121
417855
2285
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
I know we can transform child welfare.
122
420514
2533
์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
We can hold organizations accountable
123
423522
2166
๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋Š”
07:05
to developing the social consciousness of their employees.
124
425712
3143
์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜์‹์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
We can hold ourselves accountable
125
429292
1690
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
07:11
to making sure our decisions are driven by ethics and safety.
126
431006
3542
๋„๋•๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Let's imagine a child welfare system that focuses on partnering with parents,
127
435419
5565
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š”
07:21
empowering families,
128
441008
1523
์•„๋™ ๋ณต์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:22
and no longer see poverty as failure.
129
442555
3023
๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ์‹คํŒจ๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ง๊ณ ์š”.
07:26
Let's work together to build a system
130
446666
2548
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:29
that wants to make families stronger instead of pulling them apart.
131
449238
4128
07:34
Thank you.
132
454563
1175
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:35
(Applause) (Cheering)
133
455762
4134
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) (ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7