Matthew Carter: My life in typefaces

179,428 views ใƒป 2014-04-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Alicia Chong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
Type is something we consume
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์„œ์ฒด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
in enormous quantities.
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00:16
In much of the world,
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:17
it's completely inescapable.
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00:19
But few consumers are concerned to know
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ์„œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
00:22
where a particular typeface came from
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00:24
or when or who designed it,
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์–ธ์ œ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ–ˆ๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
if, indeed, there was any human agency involved
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๋งˆ์น˜, ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
00:30
in its creation, if it didn't just sort of materialize
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๋งŒ์ผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์‹คํ™” ๋œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:33
out of the software ether.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
But I do have to be concerned with those things.
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00:40
It's my job.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:42
I'm one of the tiny handful of people
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์ €๋Š” ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ T์ž์™€ E์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:44
who gets badly bent out of shape
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00:46
by the bad spacing of the T and the E
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
that you see there.
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00:50
I've got to take that slide off.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:52
I can't stand it. Nor can Chris.
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00:54
There. Good.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
So my talk is about the connection
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์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ ์„œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
between technology and design of type.
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01:01
The technology has changed
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
a number of times since I started work:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„,๋””์ง€ํ„ธ, ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘, ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ, ์›น๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:06
photo, digital, desktop, screen, web.
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01:11
I've had to survive those changes and try
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๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:13
to understand their implications for what I do
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:15
for design.
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01:17
This slide is about the effect of tools on form.
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ์–‘์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The two letters, the two K's,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์™ผ์ชฝ์ด๊ณ  ์ €์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ธ€์ž K๋Š”
01:25
the one on your left, my right, is modern,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
made on a computer.
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01:30
All straight lines are dead straight.
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์ด ์„ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„์ •ํ•œ ์ง์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
The curves have that kind of mathematical smoothness
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๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์ธ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง€ ๊ณต์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
that the Bรฉzier formula imposes.
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01:38
On the right, ancient Gothic,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์˜, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ณ ๋”•์ฒด๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ฒ ์„ ์ž๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
cut in the resistant material of steel by hand.
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01:45
None of the straight lines are actually straight.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง์„ ๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ง์„ ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
The curves are kind of subtle.
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๊ณก์„ ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
It has that spark of life from the human hand
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:54
that the machine or the program
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01:56
can never capture.
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01:58
What a contrast.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:00
Well, I tell a lie.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
A lie at TED. I'm really sorry.
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TED์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ. ์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Both of these were made on a computer,
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์ด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
02:07
same software, same Bรฉzier curves,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ ์ง€์–ด ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์„œ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
same font format.
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02:11
The one on your left
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋ช…์ž์ธ '์ˆ˜์ž๋‚˜ ๋‹‰์ฝ”'์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์กŒ๊ณ .
02:13
was made by Zuzana Licko at Emigre,
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02:16
and I did the other one.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
The tool is the same, yet the letters are different.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
The letters are different
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธ€์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
because the designers are different.
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02:23
That's all. Zuzana wanted hers to look like that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์—์š”. ์ˆ˜์ž๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์›ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:26
I wanted mine to look like that. End of story.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Type is very adaptable.
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์„œ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Unlike a fine art, such as sculpture or architecture,
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์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์„ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:35
type hides its methods.
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02:39
I think of myself as an industrial designer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
The thing I design is manufactured,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด
02:43
and it has a function:
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์ฝํ˜€์ง€๊ณ , ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
to be read, to convey meaning.
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02:47
But there is a bit more to it than that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
There's the sort of aesthetic element.
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๋ฏธ์  ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
What makes these two letters different
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„์— ์˜ํ•ด
02:53
from different interpretations by different designers?
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:56
What gives the work of some designers
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ํŒจ์…˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
02:58
sort of characteristic personal style,
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03:01
as you might find in the work of a fashion designer,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:03
an automobile designer, whatever?
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03:06
There have been some cases, I admit,
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์ € ๋˜ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋กœ์„œ,
03:08
where I as a designer
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
did feel the influence of technology.
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03:12
This is from the mid-'60s,
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์ด๊ฑด 60๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:15
the change from metal type to photo,
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๊ธˆ์†ํ™œ์ž์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ, ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
03:18
hot to cold.
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03:19
This brought some benefits
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:21
but also one particular drawback:
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03:24
a spacing system that only provided
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 18๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
18 discrete units for letters
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03:31
to be accommodated on.
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03:33
I was asked at this time to design
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ด 18 ๊ฐœ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ƒ์ž ๋‚ด์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€
03:35
a series of condensed sans serif types
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03:38
with as many different variants as possible
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ข… ์‚ฐ์Šค ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ”„ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
within this 18-unit box.
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03:45
Quickly looking at the arithmetic,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
03:46
I realized I could only actually make three
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 3 ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
of related design. Here you see them.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
In Helvetica Compressed, Extra Compressed,
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์••์ถ•๋œ ํŒฐ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ฒด, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๋œ ์„œ์ฒด,
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์••์ถ•๋œ ์„œ์ฒด (ํฐํŠธ ์ด๋ฆ„)
03:56
and Ultra Compressed, this rigid 18-unit system
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์ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ 18๊ฐœ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ‹€์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
really boxed me in.
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04:01
It kind of determined the proportions
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์…ˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
of the design.
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04:05
Here are the typefaces, at least the lower cases.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—, ์ ์–ด๋„ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž ์„œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:09
So do you look at these and say,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์„œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”,
04:12
"Poor Matthew, he had to submit to a problem,
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" ๋ถˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋งคํŠœ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ํ…๋ฐ,
04:15
and by God it shows in the results."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ตฐ." (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:19
I hope not.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
If I were doing this same job today,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:22
instead of having 18 spacing units,
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18๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์ €๋Š” 1000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
I would have 1,000.
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04:28
Clearly I could make more variants,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
but would these three members of the family be better?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํฐํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋” ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
It's hard to say without actually doing it,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ ๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
04:37
but they would not be better in the proportion
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 18/1000 ๋น„์œจ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ซ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
04:39
of 1,000 to 18, I can tell you that.
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04:42
My instinct tells you that any improvement
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์ œ ์ง์ž‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋˜๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ,
04:44
would be rather slight, because they were designed
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:47
as functions of the system they were designed to fit,
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04:50
and as I said, type is very adaptable.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์„œ๊ทฟ์š”.
04:52
It does hide its methods.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
All industrial designers work within constraints.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—… ๋””์ž์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
This is not fine art.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
The question is, does a constraint
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ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š๋ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
force a compromise?
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05:05
By accepting a constraint,
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์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:07
are you working to a lower standard?
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05:09
I don't believe so, and I've always been encouraged
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
by something that Charles Eames said.
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'์ฐฐ์Šค ์ž„์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
He said he was conscious of working
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
within constraints,
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05:16
but not of making compromises.
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05:19
The distinction between a constraint
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์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋งค์šฐ ์• ๋งค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:21
and a compromise is obviously very subtle,
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05:24
but it's very central to my attitude to work.
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์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Remember this reading experience?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
05:32
The phone book. I'll hold the slide
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์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋ฐ, ์˜› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:34
so you can enjoy the nostalgia.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:38
This is from the mid-'70s early trials
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
of Bell Centennial typeface I designed
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05:44
for the U.S. phone books,
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05:45
and it was my first experience of digital type,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํƒ€์ž…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ๋ณ„๋‚œ ์„ธ๋ก€์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:49
and quite a baptism.
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05:53
Designed for the phone books, as I said,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์–ด ๋“ฑ์œ ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
05:55
to be printed at tiny size on newsprint
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05:58
on very high-speed rotary presses
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์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์† ์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
with ink that was kerosene and lampblack.
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06:03
This is not a hospitable environment
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์ด๊ฑด ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
for a typographic designer.
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06:10
So the challenge for me was to design type
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์ œ ๋‚œ๊ด€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:12
that performed as well as possible
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06:13
in these very adverse production conditions.
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06:18
As I say, we were in the infancy of digital type.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
I had to draw every character by hand
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์ €๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์šฉ์ง€์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
on quadrille graph paper --
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06:26
there were four weights of Bell Centennial โ€”
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๋ฒจ ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋‹ˆ์–ผ์—๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”--
06:28
pixel by pixel, then encode them raster line by raster line
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ํ”ฝ์…€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ์— ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:31
for the keyboard.
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06:32
It took two years, but I learned a lot.
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2๋…„์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
These letters look as though they've been chewed
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์”นํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
06:38
by the dog or something or other,
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06:39
but the missing pixels at the intersections
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์„œ์ฒด๋‚˜ ์•„๊ท€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์ฐจ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ํ”ฝ์…€์€
06:41
of strokes or in the crotches
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06:43
are the result of my studying the effects
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์‹ผ ์ข…์ด์— ์ž‰ํฌํ™•์‚ฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฃ .
06:46
of ink spread on cheap paper
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06:49
and reacting, revising the font accordingly.
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06:53
These strange artifacts are designed to compensate
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์ด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
06:56
for the undesirable effects of scale
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06:59
and production process.
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๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
At the outset, AT&T had wanted
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, AT&T์‚ฌ๋Š”
07:04
to set the phone books in Helvetica,
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ํ—ฌ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ํฐํŠธ๋กœ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
but as my friend Erik Spiekermann said
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์—๋ฆญ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๋งŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ  ํ—ฌ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
07:09
in the Helvetica movie, if you've seen that,
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07:11
the letters in Helvetica were designed to be
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ํ—ฌ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€์„œ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
07:13
as similar to one another as possible.
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07:16
This is not the recipe for legibility at small size.
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
It looks very elegant up on a slide.
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์•„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
I had to disambiguate these forms
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒจ ์„ผํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์–ด์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
07:24
of the figures as much as possible in Bell Centennial
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07:27
by sort of opening the shapes up, as you can see
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๋ชจ์–‘๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์˜คํ”ˆํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
in the bottom part of that slide.
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07:32
So now we're on to the mid-'80s,
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80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—๋Š”,
07:35
the early days of digital outline fonts,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์œค๊ณฝ์„  ๊ธ€๊ผด๊ณผ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ.
07:38
vector technology.
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07:40
There was an issue at that time
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๊ทธ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธ€๊ผด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€
07:42
with the size of the fonts,
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07:44
the amount of data that was required to find
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํฐํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–‘์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:47
and store a font in computer memory.
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07:52
It limited the number of fonts you could get
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ์กฐํŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์“ธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๊ผด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:53
on your typesetting system at any one time.
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07:56
I did an analysis of the data,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and found that a typical serif face
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ์…ฐ๋ฆฌํ”„ ํ™œ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ”„ ์„œ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค
08:03
you see on the left
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08:04
needed nearly twice as much data
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08:06
as a sans serif in the middle
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘๋ฐฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
because of all the points required
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์…ฐ๋ฆฌํ”„ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํ‚ท์— ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ์ปค๋ธŒ๋“ค ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:11
to define the elegantly curved serif brackets.
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:16
The numbers at the bottom of the slide, by the way,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์€
08:19
they represent the amount of data
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๊ฐ ํฐํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์–‘์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
needed to store each of the fonts.
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08:24
So the sans serif, in the middle,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ”„๋Š” 81 ๋Œ€ 151 ์œผ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
sans the serifs, was much more economical,
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08:30
81 to 151.
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08:32
"Aha," I thought. "The engineers have a problem.
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"์•„ํ•˜. ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Designer to the rescue."
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"๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
08:38
I made a serif type, you can see it on the right,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณก์„  ์—†๋Š” ์…ฐ๋ฆฌํ”„ ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
without curved serifs.
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08:42
I made them polygonal, out of straight line segments,
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์ง์„  ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊น์•„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
chamfered brackets.
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08:46
And look, as economical in data as a sans serif.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ”„์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We call it Charter, on the right.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So I went to the head of engineering
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
with my numbers, and I said proudly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:57
"I have solved your problem."
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09:00
"Oh," he said. "What problem?"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”, "์˜ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ์š”?"
09:03
And I said, "Well, you know, the problem
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
09:05
of the huge data you require for serif fonts and so on."
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"๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฆฌํ”„์ฒด์™€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ฑ์š”."
09:08
"Oh," he said. "We solved that problem last week.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ  "์•„! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์ฃ ."
09:12
We wrote a compaction routine that reduces
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์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ์ฒด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:14
the size of all fonts by an order of magnitude.
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09:17
You can have as many fonts on your system
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์ด์ œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์„œ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:19
as you like."
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09:20
"Well, thank you for letting me know," I said.
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”, ์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:23
Foiled again.
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:24
I was left with a design solution
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋งŒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
09:27
for a nonexistent technical problem.
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09:31
But here is where the story sort of gets interesting for me.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
I didn't just throw my design away
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ํ™ง๊น€์— ์ œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
09:36
in a fit of pique.
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09:37
I persevered.
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์ €๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์กŒ์–ด์š”.
09:39
What had started as a technical exercise
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:41
became an aesthetic exercise, really.
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09:45
In other words, I had come to like this typeface.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ „ ์ด ์„œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Forget its origins. Screw that.
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์œ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์žŠ์–ด์š”. ์ง‘์–ด์น˜์›Œ์š”.
09:50
I liked the design for its own sake.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
The simplified forms of Charter
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋œ ์ฐจํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
09:55
gave it a sort of plain-spoken quality
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09:57
and unfussy spareness
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09:58
that sort of pleased me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
You know, at times of technical innovation,
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์ž, ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
10:04
designers want to be influenced
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10:05
by what's in the air.
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10:07
We want to respond. We want to be pushed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”
10:09
into exploring something new.
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10:12
So Charter is a sort of parable for me, really.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐจํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐํ™”๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:15
In the end, there was no hard and fast causal link
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์นดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
between the technology and the design of Charter.
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10:22
I had really misunderstood the technology.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜คํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:26
The technology did suggest something to me,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์†์ด ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
10:29
but it did not force my hand,
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10:32
and I think this happens very often.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
You know, engineers are very smart,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
and despite occasional frustrations
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋” ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:38
because I'm less smart,
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10:40
I've always enjoyed working with them
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and learning from them.
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10:44
Apropos, in the mid-'90s,
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90๋…„ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
10:46
I started talking to Microsoft
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์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ธ€๊ผด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
about screen fonts.
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10:51
Up to that point, all the fonts on screen
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”, ํ™”๋ฉด์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„œ์ฒด๋“ค์€
10:54
had been adapted from previously existing
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์“ฐ์˜€๋˜ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
printing fonts, of course.
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10:59
But Microsoft foresaw correctly
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ MS๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ, ์ „์ž ํ†ต์‹ ์— ํ–ฅํ•œ ์‡„๋„,
11:01
the movement, the stampede
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11:03
towards electronic communication,
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11:06
to reading and writing onscreen
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ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์‡„๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์ฃ .
11:08
with the printed output as being sort of secondary
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11:11
in importance.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
So the priorities were just tipping at that point.
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11:17
They wanted a small core set of fonts
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ง์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
11:19
that were not adapted but designed for the screen
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์˜ค์ง ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ
11:23
to face up to the problems of screen,
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๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๋””์Šฌํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธ๋œ ์ž‘์€ ์ฝ”์–ด ๊ธ€๊ผด ์„ธํŠธ์˜€์–ด์š”.
11:25
which were their coarse resolution displays.
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11:29
I said to Microsoft, a typeface designed
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์ €๋Š” MS์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์„œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฒด ๊ตฌ์‹์ธ ์„œ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
11:33
for a particular technology
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11:34
is a self-obsoleting typeface.
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11:38
I've designed too many faces in the past
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์„œ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:40
that were intended to mitigate technical problems.
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11:43
Thanks to the engineers, the technical problems went away.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
So did my typeface.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์„œ์ฒด ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
11:49
It was only a stopgap.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Microsoft came back to say that
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MS๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์™€ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋Š”
11:53
affordable computer monitors
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11:55
with better resolutions
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 10๋…„์€ ๋” ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
were at least a decade away.
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11:59
So I thought, well, a decade, that's not bad,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์‹ญ๋…„์€ ์ž„์‹œ๋ณ€ํ†ต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋” ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:01
that's more than a stopgap.
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12:04
So I was persuaded, I was convinced,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ค๋“๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
and we went to work on what became Verdana
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ฒ„๋‹ค๋‚˜์™€ ์กฐ์ง€์•„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์„œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
and Georgia,
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12:10
for the first time working not on paper
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…์ด์— ์ง์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ”ฝ์…€ ์ ์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:12
but directly onto the screen from the pixel up.
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12:16
At that time, screens were binary.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ์ด์ง„๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
The pixel was either on or it was off.
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ํ”ฝ์…€์€ ์ผœ์ ธ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊บผ์ ธ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Here you see the outline of a letter,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž H์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
12:26
the cap H,
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12:27
which is the thin black line, the contour,
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์–‡์€ ๊ฒ€์€์„ ์ด ์œค๊ณฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
which is how it is stored in memory,
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ํšŒ์ƒ‰์€ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŠธ๋งต์— ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์— ์ €์žฅํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
12:33
superimposed on the bitmap,
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12:35
which is the grey area,
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12:37
which is how it's displayed on the screen.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
The bitmap is rasterized from the outline.
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๋น„ํŠธ๋งต์ด ์•„์›ƒ๋ผ์ธ ํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋ž˜์Šคํ„ฐํ™”๋ฌ์–ด์š”.
12:42
Here in a cap H, which is all straight lines,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง์„ ์ธ ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž H๋Š” ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
the two are in almost perfect sync
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12:46
on the Cartesian grid.
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12:50
Not so with an O.
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O๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์•Š์ฃ .
12:53
This looks more like bricklaying than type design,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐํŠธ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์Œ“๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
but believe me, this is a good bitmap O,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ๋น„ํŠธ๋งต O ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
for the simple reason that it's symmetrical
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X์™€ Y์ถ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€์นญ์ด๋ž€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:01
in both x and y axes.
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13:04
In a binary bitmap, you actually can't ask
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ด์ง„์ˆ˜ ๋น„ํŠธ๋งต์—์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
for more than that.
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13:08
I would sometimes make, I don't know,
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์ €๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜
13:11
three or four different versions of a difficult letter
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž 'a' ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:13
like a lowercase A,
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13:14
and then stand back to choose which was the best.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ฃ .
13:18
Well, there was no best,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
13:20
so the designer's judgment comes in
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ ๋‚˜์œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
13:23
in trying to decide
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13:24
which is the least bad.
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13:27
Is that a compromise?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:29
Not to me, if you are working
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์ œ๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:31
at the highest standard the technology will allow,
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13:34
although that standard may be
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:36
well short of the ideal.
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13:39
You may be able to see on this slide
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์— ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„ํŠธ๋งต ์„œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”,
13:40
two different bitmap fonts there.
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13:42
The "a" in the upper one, I think,
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์œ„์—์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž "a"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” "a" ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
13:44
is better than the "a" in the lower one,
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13:46
but it still ain't great.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”.
13:49
You can maybe see the effect better
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์•„๋งˆ ์„œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž‘์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:51
if it's reduced. Well, maybe not.
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13:54
So I'm a pragmatist, not an idealist,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•„์š”์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
out of necessity.
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13:58
For a certain kind of temperament,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
14:00
there is a certain kind of satisfaction
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14:01
in doing something that cannot be perfect
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
but can still be done to the best of your ability.
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14:09
Here's the lowercase H from Georgia Italic.
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์กฐ์ง€์•„ ์ดํƒœ๋ฆฌ ํฐํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž H์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
The bitmap looks jagged and rough.
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๋น„ํŠธ ๋งต์ด ๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๊ฑฐ์น ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ . ๋“ค์‘ฅ๋‚˜์ญ‰ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
It is jagged and rough.
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14:18
But I discovered, by experiment,
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ฝ์…€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋„๋ก
14:20
that there is an optimum slant
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14:23
for an italic on a screen
333
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์ดํƒค๋ฆญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:25
so the strokes break well
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14:27
at the pixel boundaries.
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14:30
Look in this example how, rough as it is,
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋Š”, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ณ  ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
14:33
how the left and right legs
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14:35
actually break at the same level.
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14:37
That's a victory. That's good, right there.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:40
And of course, at the lower depths,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:43
you don't get much choice.
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14:45
This is an S, in case you were wondering.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "S"์ž ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Well, it's been 18 years now
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๋ฒ„๋‹ค๋‚˜์™€ ์กฐ์ง€์•„ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ์ง€ 18๋…„์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
since Verdana and Georgia were released.
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14:55
Microsoft were absolutely right,
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MS๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
it took a good 10 years,
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10๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:00
but screen displays now do have
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์ด์ œ ํ™”๋ฉดํ‘œ์‹œ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
15:02
improved spatial resolution,
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15:04
and very much improved photometric resolution
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์•คํ‹ฐ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์–ด์‹ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ด‘๋„๊ณ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
thanks to anti-aliasing and so on.
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15:11
So now that their mission is accomplished,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ์…˜์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋์ง€๋งŒ,
15:15
has that meant the demise
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ‘œ์‹œ์šฉ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๊ธ€๊ผด๋“ค์˜ ์ข…๋ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
15:16
of the screen fonts that I designed
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15:18
for coarser displays back then?
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15:21
Will they outlive the now-obsolete screens
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด๊ณผ
15:24
and the flood of new web fonts
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์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธ€๊ผด๋“ค ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:27
coming on to the market?
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15:28
Or have they established their own
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1860
ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:30
sort of evolutionary niche
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15:32
that is independent of technology?
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15:36
In other words, have they been absorbed
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™œ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์†์œผ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:38
into the typographic mainstream?
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15:41
I'm not sure, but they've had a good run so far.
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์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์ด์šฉ๋ผ ์™”์–ด์š”.
15:45
Hey, 18 is a good age for anything
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"์ด๋ด, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งˆ๋ชจ์œจ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, 18๋…„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๋‚˜์ด์•ผ,
15:47
with present-day rates of attrition,
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15:49
so I'm not complaining.
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1914
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„."
15:51
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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