Jeff Hancock: 3 types of (digital) lies

91,102 views ใƒป 2012-11-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Min Hyun Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:15
Let me tell you, it has been a fantastic month for deception.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ๋‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
And I'm not even talking about the American presidential race. (Laughter)
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:23
We have a high-profile journalist caught for plagiarism,
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ ˆ๋กœ ์žกํ˜”๊ณ ,
00:27
a young superstar writer whose book involves
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์–ด๋Š ์ Š์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ
00:30
so many made up quotes that they've pulled it from the shelves;
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์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์„œ์ ์—์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํŒ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:34
a New York Times exposรฉ on fake book reviews.
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๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ์„œํ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:36
It's been fantastic.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Now, of course, not all deception hits the news.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๊ณผ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Much of the deception is everyday. In fact, a lot of research
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ด๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
00:45
shows that we all lie once or twice a day, as Dave suggested.
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:50
So it's about 6:30 now, suggests that most of us should have lied.
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์ง€๊ธˆ 6์‹œ 30๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:52
Let's take a look at Winnipeg. How many of you,
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์œ„๋‹ˆํŽ™์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ฃ . ์ž, ์ง€๋‚œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:54
in the last 24 hours -- think back -- have told a little fib,
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์ž‘๋“  ํฌ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:57
or a big one? How many have told a little lie out there?
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
01:01
All right, good. These are all the liars.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์ด์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.
01:03
Make sure you pay attention to them. (Laughter)
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์ €๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ด๋‘์„ธ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:06
No, that looked good, it was about two thirds of you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ•œ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2์ •๋„ ์ธ๊ฑฐ ๋‹ค ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
01:08
The other third didn't lie, or perhaps forgot,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žŠ์œผ์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:11
or you're lying to me about your lying, which is very,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:14
very devious. (Laughter) This fits with a lot of the research,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์•„์ฃผ
01:18
which suggests that lying is very pervasive.
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ํ”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
It's this pervasiveness, combined with the centrality
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
01:25
to what it means to be a human, the fact that we can
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€,
01:28
tell the truth or make something up,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€
01:29
that has fascinated people throughout history.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Here we have Diogenes with his lantern.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์˜ค๊ฒŒ๋„ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:35
Does anybody know what he was looking for?
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:38
A single honest man, and he died without finding one
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •์งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ์ฑ„
01:41
back in Greece. And we have Confucius in the East
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์–‘์—๋Š”
01:44
who was really concerned with sincerity,
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์ •์งํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:47
not only that you walked the walk or talked the talk,
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๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘
01:50
but that you believed in what you were doing.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
You believed in your principles.
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์„ ์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:55
Now my first professional encounter with deception
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:58
is a little bit later than these guys, a couple thousand years.
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์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช‡ ์ฒœ๋…„ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:01
I was a customs officer for Canada back in the mid-'90s.
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์ €๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ด€์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Yeah. I was defending Canada's borders.
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๋„ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
You may think that's a weapon right there. In fact,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:12
that's a stamp. I used a stamp to defend Canada's borders. (Laughter)
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ง€์ผฐ์–ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:17
Very Canadian of me. I learned a lot about deception
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์•„์ฃผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹ต์ฃ . ์„ธ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:20
while doing my duty here in customs,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
02:23
one of which was that most of what I thought I knew about deception was wrong,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
and I'll tell you about some of that tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
But even since just 1995, '96, the way we communicate
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1995-96๋…„๋„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
02:32
has been completely transformed. We email, we text,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ๋ฌธ์ž,
02:35
we skype, we Facebook. It's insane.
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์Šค์นด์ดํ”„, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์ฃ . ์ •์‹ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Almost every aspect of human communication's been changed,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:41
and of course that's had an impact on deception.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Let me tell you a little bit about a couple of new deceptions
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋˜
02:46
we've been tracking and documenting.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
They're called the Butler, the Sock Puppet
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ง‘์‚ฌ, ์–‘๋ง์ธํ˜•,
02:53
and the Chinese Water Army.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:55
It sounds a little bit like a weird book,
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์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ… ์ œ๋ชฉ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
02:57
but actually they're all new types of lies.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Let's start with the Butlers. Here's an example of one:
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์ง‘์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:02
"On my way." Anybody ever written, "On my way?"
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"์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ด ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:05
Then you've also lied. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜์‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:09
We're never on our way. We're thinking about going on our way.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:13
Here's another one: "Sorry I didn't respond to you earlier.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
03:16
My battery was dead." Your battery wasn't dead.
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๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋„ค." ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
03:18
You weren't in a dead zone.
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๋˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:20
You just didn't want to respond to that person that time.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:22
Here's the last one: You're talking to somebody,
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์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š”, ๋‚จ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
03:24
and you say, "Sorry, got work, gotta go."
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"๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ด์•ผ ํ•ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
03:26
But really, you're just bored. You want to talk to somebody else.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:30
Each of these is about a relationship,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
and this is a 24/7 connected world. Once you get my cell phone number,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์ƒ
03:37
you can literally be in touch with me 24 hours a day.
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๋งค์ผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ €์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:40
And so these lies are being used by people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:42
to create a buffer, like the butler used to do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์—
03:45
between us and the connections to everybody else.
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์™„์ถฉ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
But they're very special. They use ambiguity
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ด์š”.
03:50
that comes from using technology. You don't know
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
03:52
where I am or what I'm doing or who I'm with.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:55
And they're aimed at protecting the relationships.
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๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:58
These aren't just people being jerks. These are people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชป๋ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:00
that are saying, look, I don't want to talk to you now,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€
04:02
or I didn't want to talk to you then, but I still care about you.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Our relationship is still important.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:07
Now, the Sock Puppet, on the other hand,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘๋ง์ธํ˜• ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
04:09
is a totally different animal. The sock puppet isn't
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์–‘๋ง์ธํ˜•์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:11
about ambiguity, per se. It's about identity.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:14
Let me give you a very recent example,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:16
as in, like, last week.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
04:18
Here's R.J. Ellory, best-seller author in Britain.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ R. J. ์—˜๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Here's one of his bestselling books.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ ์…€๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ์š”.
04:23
Here's a reviewer online, on Amazon.
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์•„๋งˆ์กด์— ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋…ผํ‰๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:26
My favorite, by Nicodemus Jones, is,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”๋””๋ฌด์Šค ์กด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
"Whatever else it might do, it will touch your soul."
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"์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์šธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:33
And of course, you might suspect
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๋ญ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”๋””๋ฌด์Šค ์กด์Šค๊ฐ€
04:34
that Nicodemus Jones is R.J. Ellory.
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์•Œ ์ œ์ด ์—˜๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:37
He wrote very, very positive reviews about himself. Surprise, surprise.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
04:42
Now this Sock Puppet stuff isn't actually that new.
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์ด ์–‘๋ง์ธํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Walt Whitman also did this back in the day,
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์›”ํŠธ ์œ„ํŠธ๋จผ๋„ ์˜›๋‚ ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
04:48
before there was Internet technology. Sock Puppet
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์–‘๋ง์ธํ˜• ์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์€
04:51
becomes interesting when we get to scale,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:54
which is the domain of the Chinese Water Army.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด์ฃ .
04:56
Chinese Water Army refers to thousands of people
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ
04:59
in China that are paid small amounts of money
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์ ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ›„๊ธฐ๋“  ์„ ์ „์ด๋“ 
05:02
to produce content. It could be reviews. It could be
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๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
propaganda. The government hires these people,
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์ •๋ถ€๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:07
companies hire them, all over the place.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
In North America, we call this Astroturfing,
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์ž‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:14
and Astroturfing is very common now. There's a lot of concerns about it.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„์ฃผ ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
We see this especially with product reviews, book reviews,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„ ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒํ’ˆ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋‚˜, ์ฑ… ํ›„๊ธฐ,
05:20
everything from hotels to whether that toaster is a good toaster or not.
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ํ˜ธํ…” ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข‹์€ ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Now, looking at these three reviews, or these three types of deception,
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์ด ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋“ค, ์•„๋‹ˆ ์ด ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ
05:29
you might think, wow, the Internet is really making us
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:32
a deceptive species, especially when you think about
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์ž‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:35
the Astroturfing, where we can see deception brought up to scale.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
05:40
But actually, what I've been finding is very different from that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Now, let's put aside the online anonymous sex chatrooms,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์€
05:48
which I'm sure none of you have been in.
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์ต๋ช… ์„น์Šค ์ฑ„ํŒ…๋ฃธ์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:50
I can assure you there's deception there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And let's put aside the Nigerian prince who's emailed you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ 4,300๋งŒ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋นผ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑธ
05:55
about getting the 43 million out of the country. (Laughter)
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๋„์™€๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์™•์ž๋„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
05:58
Let's forget about that guy, too.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž ์‹œ ์žŠ์–ด๋ณด์ž๊ตฌ์š”.
05:59
Let's focus on the conversations between our friends
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค, ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
06:02
and our family and our coworkers and our loved ones.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:05
Those are the conversations that really matter.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
What does technology do to deception with those folks?
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊นŒ์š”?
06:11
Here's a couple of studies. One of the studies we do
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:14
are called diary studies, in which we ask people to record
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์ผ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 7์ผ๋™์•ˆ
06:18
all of their conversations and all of their lies for seven days,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:21
and what we can do then is calculate how many lies took place
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๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
06:24
per conversation within a medium, and the finding
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๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:27
that we get that surprises people the most is that email
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘
06:30
is the most honest of those three media.
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†”์งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And it really throws people for a loop because we think,
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์™ธ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋ฐ๋„
06:35
well, there's no nonverbal cues, so why don't you lie more?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๋” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:39
The phone, in contrast, the most lies.
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๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Again and again and again we see the phone is the device
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋กœ
06:45
that people lie on the most, and perhaps because of the Butler Lie ambiguities I was telling you about.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ์ง‘์‚ฌ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:50
This tends to be very different from what people expect.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:54
What about rรฉsumรฉs? We did a study in which we had
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ
06:57
people apply for a job, and they could apply for a job
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ง์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:00
either with a traditional paper rรฉsumรฉ, or on LinkedIn,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ข…์ด ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜
07:03
which is a social networking site like Facebook,
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ดํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ธ ๋งํฌ๋“œ์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
but for professionals -- involves the same information as a rรฉsumรฉ.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:10
And what we found, to many people's surprise,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
07:12
was that those LinkedIn rรฉsumรฉs were more honest
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๋งํฌ๋“œ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ๋“ค์ด
07:15
on the things that mattered to employers, like your
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์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๋˜
07:17
responsibilities or your skills at your previous job.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์†”์งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
How about Facebook itself?
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:24
You know, we always think that hey, there are these
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ,
07:25
idealized versions, people are just showing the best things
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„
07:28
that happened in their lives. I've thought that many times.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
My friends, no way they can be that cool and have good of a life.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Well, one study tested this by examining people's personalities.
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:37
They had four good friends of a person judge their personality.
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๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ 4๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
07:41
Then they had strangers, many strangers,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ๋งŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ฒฉํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•ด ์ค„
07:43
judge the person's personality just from Facebook,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:46
and what they found was those judgments of the personality
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒ๋‹จ๋“ค์ด
07:48
were pretty much identical, highly correlated,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:51
meaning that Facebook profiles really do reflect our actual personality.
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์ฆ‰, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
All right, well, what about online dating?
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:58
I mean, that's a pretty deceptive space.
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๊ฝค ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:59
I'm sure you all have "friends" that have used online dating. (Laughter)
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ "์นœ๊ตฌ"๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:03
And they would tell you about that guy that had no hair
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ˆ
08:05
when he came, or the woman that didn't look at all like her photo.
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๋Œ€๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์™€, ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜ ์—ฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Well, we were really interested in it, and so what we did
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„
08:11
is we brought people, online daters, into the lab,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด
08:14
and then we measured them. We got their height
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์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
up against the wall, we put them on a scale, got their weight --
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๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ , ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
ladies loved that -- and then we actually got their driver's license to get their age.
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--์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”--. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด์ „๋ฉดํ—ˆ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And what we found was very, very interesting.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์–ด์š”.
08:28
Here's an example of the men and the height.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
08:32
Along the bottom is how tall they said they were in their profile.
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์ด ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์—์„œ ๋งํ•œ ํ‚ค๊ณ ,
08:34
Along the y-axis, the vertical axis, is how tall they actually were.
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Y์ถ•, ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
That diagonal line is the truth line. If their dot's on it,
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์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ด ์„ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:42
they were telling exactly the truth.
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Now, as you see, most of the little dots are below the line.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ๋“ค์ด ์„  ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
What it means is all the guys were lying about their height.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ‚ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:49
In fact, they lied about their height about nine tenths of an inch,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 9/10 ์ธ์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ
08:52
what we say in the lab as "strong rounding up." (Laughter)
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์‚ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ฌ๋ฆผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:59
You get to 5'8" and one tenth, and boom! 5'9".
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5ํ”ผํŠธ 8์ธ์น˜์˜ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 5ํ”ผํŠธ 9์ธ์น˜๋กœ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
But what's really important here is, look at all those dots.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
09:05
They are clustering pretty close to the truth. What we found
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์ ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ์„ ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
was 80 percent of our participants did indeed lie
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 80%์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ž๋“ค์ด
09:10
on one of those dimensions, but they always lied by a little bit.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ด์ง ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
One of the reasons is pretty simple. If you go to a date,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
a coffee date, and you're completely different than what you said,
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์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ์ž” ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
09:20
game over. Right? So people lied frequently, but they lied
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์ž์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•ด๋„
09:24
subtly, not too much. They were constrained.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์‚ด์ง ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Well, what explains all these studies? What explains the fact
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:30
that despite our intuitions, mine included,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด, ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ง๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
09:35
a lot of online communication, technologically-mediated
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ
09:38
communication, is more honest than face to face?
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์™œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์†”์งํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:43
That really is strange. How do we explain this?
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์ฐธ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:45
Well, to do that, one thing is we can look at the deception-detection literature.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์ง€ ์ง€์นจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
It's a very old literature by now, it's coming up on 50 years.
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๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ 50๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋œ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
09:53
It's been reviewed many times. There's been thousands of trials,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜,
09:55
hundreds of studies, and there's some really compelling findings.
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๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
The first is, we're really bad at detecting deception,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
10:03
really bad. Fifty-four percent accuracy on average when you have to tell
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์•„์ฃผ ์„œํˆด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
10:07
if somebody that just said a statement is lying or not.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 54%๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
That's really bad. Why is it so bad?
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ฃ . ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:13
Well it has to do with Pinocchio's nose.
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ํ”ผ๋…ธํ‚ค์˜ค์˜ ์ฝ”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
If I were to ask you guys, what do you rely on
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:18
when you're looking at somebody and you want to find out
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
10:20
if they're lying? What cue do you pay attention to?
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์–ด๋””์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:23
Most of you would say that one of the cues you look at
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
is the eyes. The eyes are the window to the soul.
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๋ˆˆ์€ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:29
And you're not alone. Around the world, almost every culture,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
10:31
one of the top cues is eyes. But the research
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
over the last 50 years says there's actually no reliable cue
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
10:38
to deception, which blew me away, and it's one of
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๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:41
the hard lessons that I learned when I was customs officer.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ด€์›์ผ ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ ์ด์ฃ .
10:43
The eyes do not tell us whether somebody's lying or not.
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๋ˆˆ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Some situations, yes -- high stakes, maybe their pupils dilate,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šธ ๋•Œ,
10:48
their pitch goes up, their body movements change a little bit,
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๋™๊ณต์ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชธ์ง“์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
but not all the time, not for everybody, it's not reliable.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Strange. The other thing is that just because you can't see me
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์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ . ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
11:00
doesn't mean I'm going to lie. It's common sense,
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:03
but one important finding is that we lie for a reason.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์—๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—์š”.
11:05
We lie to protect ourselves or for our own gain
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:08
or for somebody else's gain.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:11
So there are some pathological liars, but they make up
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๋ณ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
11:13
a tiny portion of the population. We lie for a reason.
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์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Just because people can't see us doesn't mean
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๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ
11:18
we're going to necessarily lie.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ๊ผญ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
But I think there's actually something much more
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”
11:22
interesting and fundamental going on here. The next big
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๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
11:25
thing for me, the next big idea, we can find by going
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
11:29
way back in history to the origins of language.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์† ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์‹œ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Most linguists agree that we started speaking somewhere
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
11:36
between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. That's a long time ago.
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50,000๋…„๊ณผ 100,000๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์ด์ฃ .
11:39
A lot of humans have lived since then.
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We've been talking, I guess, about fires and caves
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๋ญ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๊ตด,
11:44
and saber-toothed tigers. I don't know what they talked about,
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๊ฒ€์น˜ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„
11:47
but they were doing a lot of talking, and like I said,
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ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:49
there's a lot of humans evolving speaking,
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๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
about 100 billion people in fact.
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ฒœ์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
What's important though is that writing only emerged
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š”
11:58
about 5,000 years ago. So what that means is that
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๋‹จ 5,000๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
all the people before there was any writing,
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:04
every word that they ever said, every utterance
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ง, ๋‹จ์–ด, ์ž…๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜จ
12:09
disappeared. No trace. Evanescent. Gone.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”์ ๋„ ์—†์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:14
So we've been evolving to talk in a way in which
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:18
there is no record. In fact, even the next big change
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์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
12:24
to writing was only 500 years ago now,
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๋‹จ 500๋…„ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:26
with the printing press, which is very recent in our past,
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์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์•ผ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:29
and literacy rates remained incredibly low right up until World War II,
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์ œ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋˜
12:33
so even the people of the last two millennia,
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์‹์ž์œจ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋‚œ 2์ฒœ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
12:36
most of the words they ever said -- poof! -- disappeared.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Let's turn to now, the networked age.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌํ™”๋œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:45
How many of you have recorded something today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:50
Anybody do any writing today? Did anybody write a word?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์จ๋ณธ ๋ถ„ ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”? ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์จ๋ณธ ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?
12:53
It looks like almost every single person here recorded something.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.
12:57
In this room, right now, we've probably recorded more
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ, ์„ ์‚ฌ ์ด์ „ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•ด์™”๋˜
13:00
than almost all of human pre-ancient history.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
That is crazy. We're entering this amazing period
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:08
of flux in human evolution where we've evolved to speak
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๊ทธ ๋ง๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€์˜
13:12
in a way in which our words disappear, but we're in
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์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:15
an environment where we're recording everything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
In fact, I think in the very near future, it's not just
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
13:20
what we write that will be recorded, everything we do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:22
will be recorded.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
What does that mean? What's the next big idea from that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:29
Well, as a social scientist, this is the most amazing thing
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
13:33
I have ever even dreamed of. Now, I can look at
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊พผ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ์ œ์ผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
all those words that used to, for millennia, disappear.
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์ด์ œ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡์ฒœ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋˜ ๋ง๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
I can look at lies that before were said and then gone.
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๋˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:45
You remember those Astroturfing reviews that we were
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์•ž์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ฃ ?
13:48
talking about before? Well, when they write a fake review,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ,
13:52
they have to post it somewhere, and it's left behind for us.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
So one thing that we did, and I'll give you an example of
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:57
looking at the language, is we paid people
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
13:59
to write some fake reviews. One of these reviews is fake.
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๊ฐ€์งœ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ์—์š”.
14:03
The person never was at the James Hotel.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋ฌต์€ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
The other review is real. The person stayed there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฌต์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
Now, your task now is to decide
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์‹ค ์ผ์€
14:11
which review is fake?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
I'll give you a moment to read through them.
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์ž ์‹œ ์ฝ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
14:20
But I want everybody to raise their hand at some point.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์— ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Remember, I study deception. I can tell if you don't raise your hand.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์š”. ์† ์•ˆ๋“œ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
All right, how many of you believe that A is the fake?
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์— ๋ช‡๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ A๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:33
All right. Very good. About half.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๊ตฐ์š”.
14:35
And how many of you think that B is?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ B๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€์š”?
14:38
All right. Slightly more for B.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. B๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ๊ตฐ์š”.
14:41
Excellent. Here's the answer.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹ต์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
B is a fake. Well done second group. You dominated the first group. (Laughter)
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B๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ์—์š”. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ด๊ธฐ์…จ๋„ค์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:50
You're actually a little bit unusual. Every time we demonstrate this,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:53
it's usually about a 50-50 split, which fits
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๋ณดํ†ต 50-50 ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
with the research, 54 percent. Maybe people here
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54%๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:58
in Winnipeg are more suspicious and better at figuring it out.
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์œ„๋‹ˆํŽ™์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋” ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜๋ด์š”.
15:02
Those cold, hard winters, I love it.
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์ถ”์šด ๊ฒจ์šธ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:05
All right, so why do I care about this?
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์ž, ์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ธ๊นŒ์š”?
15:08
Well, what I can do now with my colleagues in computer science
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:11
is we can create computer algorithms that can analyze
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ
15:14
the linguistic traces of deception.
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ํ”์ ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
Let me highlight a couple of things here
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์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ํ›„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งš์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
in the fake review. The first is that liars tend to think
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ์ˆ ๋ฒ•์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
about narrative. They make up a story:
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
15:24
Who? And what happened? And that's what happened here.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€, ๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Our fake reviewers talked about who they were with
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
15:30
and what they were doing. They also used the first person singular, I,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ™๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
15:34
way more than the people that actually stayed there.
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"๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
They were inserting themselves into the hotel review,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์†์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ
15:42
kind of trying to convince you they were there.
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๋ณธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
In contrast, the people that wrote the reviews that were actually there,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ™๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:47
their bodies actually entered the physical space,
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
15:50
they talked a lot more about spatial information.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
They said how big the bathroom was, or they said,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ปธ๊ณ 
15:55
you know, here's how far shopping is from the hotel.
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์ด ํ˜ธํ…”์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์š”.
16:00
Now, you guys did pretty well. Most people perform at chance at this task.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
Our computer algorithm is very accurate, much more accurate
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค
16:07
than humans can be, and it's not going to be accurate all the time.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
This isn't a deception-detection machine to tell
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
16:12
if your girlfriend's lying to you on text messaging.
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๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
16:14
We believe that every lie now, every type of lie --
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ํ˜ธํ…” ํ›„๊ธฐ๋“ , ๊ฐ€์งœ ์‹ ๋ฐœ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋“ ,
16:18
fake hotel reviews, fake shoe reviews,
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์—ฌ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์†์ด๋“ ,
16:22
your girlfriend cheating on you with text messaging --
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์€
16:25
those are all different lies. They're going to have
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๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
different patterns of language. But because everything's
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
16:29
recorded now, we can look at all of those kinds of lies.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Now, as I said, as a social scientist, this is wonderful.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
It's transformational. We're going to be able to learn
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:40
so much more about human thought and expression,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœ๋„๊นŒ์ง€
16:44
about everything from love to attitudes,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
because everything is being recorded now, but
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
16:50
what does it mean for the average citizen?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
16:52
What does it mean for us in our lives?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
16:55
Well, let's forget deception for a bit. One of the big ideas,
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์ž ์‹œ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—
16:59
I believe, is that we're leaving these huge traces behind.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ํ”์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
My outbox for email is massive,
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์ œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ฉ”์ผํ•จ์€ ์—„์ฒญ ํฌ์ง€๋งŒ
17:06
and I never look at it. I write all the time,
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€๋งŒ
17:09
but I never look at my record, at my trace.
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์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ก, ์ œ ํ”์ ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ ์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ์—†์ฃ .
17:12
And I think we're going to see a lot more of that,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ
17:14
where we can reflect on who we are by looking at
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ, ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
17:17
what we wrote, what we said, what we did.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
17:21
Now, if we bring it back to deception, there's a couple
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด
17:23
of take-away things here.
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
First, lying online can be very dangerous, right?
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
17:30
Not only are you leaving a record for yourself on your machine,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋‹น์‹  ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
17:32
but you're leaving a record on the person that you were lying to,
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์ƒ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
17:37
and you're also leaving them around for me to analyze
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ
17:38
with some computer algorithms.
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๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
17:40
So by all means, go ahead and do that, that's good.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:43
But when it comes to lying and what we want to do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ์—,
17:47
with our lives, I think we can go back to
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๋””์˜ค๊ฒŒ๋„ค์Šค์™€ ๊ณต์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
17:50
Diogenes and Confucius. And they were less concerned
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
17:53
about whether to lie or not to lie, and more concerned about
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†”์งํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ ,
17:56
being true to the self, and I think this is really important.
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์ €๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Now, when you are about to say or do something,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
18:04
we can think, do I want this to be part of my legacy,
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ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด
18:08
part of my personal record?
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๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
18:11
Because in the digital age we live in now,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”
18:14
in the networked age, we are all leaving a record.
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌํ™”๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:18
Thank you so much for your time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
and good luck with your record. (Applause)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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