We the People, and the Republic we must reclaim | Lawrence Lessig

294,652 views ใƒป 2013-04-03

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sophia BAE
00:12
Once upon a time,
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์˜ˆ์ „์—,
00:15
there was a place called Lesterland.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Now Lesterland looks a lot like the United States.
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๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Like the United States, it has about 311 million people,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 3์–ต1์ฒœ1๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ ,
00:26
and of that 311 million people,
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๊ทธ 3์–ต1์ฒœ1๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
00:29
it turns out 144,000 are called Lester.
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14๋งŒ4์ฒœ๋ช…์„ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
If Matt's in the audience,
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์ฒญ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋งท์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, (๋งŒํ™” "The Simpsons"์˜ ์›์ž‘์ž)
00:35
I just borrowed that, I'll return it in a second,
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'์‹ฌ์Šจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ'์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„
00:37
this character from your series.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:40
So 144,000 are called Lester,
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14๋งŒ4์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:42
which means about .05 percent is named Lester.
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์ฆ‰ 0.05%๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:47
Now, Lesters in Lesterland have this extraordinary power.
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์ž, ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
There are two elections every election cycle in Lesterland.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘๋ฒˆ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
One is called the general election.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์„ ์ด๊ณ ,
00:56
The other is called the Lester election.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
And in the general election, it's the citizens who get to vote,
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์ด์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:02
but in the Lester election, it's the Lesters who get to vote.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And here's the trick.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
In order to run in the general election,
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์ด์„ ์— ์ถœ๋งˆํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:10
you must do extremely well
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ
01:13
in the Lester election.
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์—ญํ• ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
You don't necessarily have to win, but you must do extremely well.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๊ธธ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:17
Now, what can we say about democracy in Lesterland?
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์ž, ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
What we can say, number one,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:22
as the Supreme Court said in Citizens United,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:25
that people have the ultimate influence over elected officials,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ๊ณต์ง์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
because, after all, there is a general election,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด์„ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:32
but only after the Lesters have had their way
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด
01:35
with the candidates who wish to run in the general election.
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์ด์„ ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋ผ์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
01:38
And number two, obviously, this dependence upon the Lesters
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด
01:42
is going to produce a subtle, understated,
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
we could say camouflaged, bending
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:47
to keep the Lesters happy.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
01:50
Okay, so we have a democracy, no doubt,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€์—†์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
but it's dependent upon the Lesters
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ 
01:55
and dependent upon the people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
It has competing dependencies,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:00
we could say conflicting dependencies,
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๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
depending upon who the Lesters are.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Okay. That's Lesterland.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Now there are three things I want you to see now that I've described Lesterland.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:12
Number one, the United States is Lesterland.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The United States is Lesterland.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
The United States also looks like this, also has two elections,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:19
one we called the general election,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์„ ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ ,
02:22
the second we should call the money election.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ธˆ๊ถŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
In the general election, it's the citizens who get to vote,
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์ด์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
if you're over 18, in some states if you have an ID.
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18์‚ด ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:30
In the money election, it's the funders who get to vote,
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๊ธˆ๊ถŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
the funders who get to vote, and just like in Lesterland,
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:36
the trick is, to run in the general election,
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์ด์„ ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:39
you must do extremely well in the money election.
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๊ธˆ๊ถŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋งก์€ ์ผ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
You don't necessarily have to win. There is Jerry Brown.
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๊ผญ ์ด๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ ์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด์ด ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
02:44
But you must do extremely well.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:47
And here's the key: There are just as few relevant funders
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:51
in USA-land as there are Lesters in Lesterland.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Now you say, really?
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ "์ •๋ง?" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:58
Really .05 percent?
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์ •๋ง 0.05%์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:02
Well, here are the numbers from 2010:
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 2010๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
.26 percent of America
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 0.26%๊ฐ€
03:06
gave 200 dollars or more to any federal candidate,
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ 200๋ถˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:09
.05 percent gave the maximum amount to any federal candidate,
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0.05%๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
.01 percent -- the one percent of the one percent --
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0.01%๋Š” -- 1 % ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋˜ 1%๋Š” --
03:17
gave 10,000 dollars or more to federal candidates,
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ 1๋งŒ๋ถˆ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
and in this election cycle, my favorite statistic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š”
03:23
is .000042 percent
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0.000042%๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
โ€” for those of you doing the numbers, you know that's 132 Americans โ€”
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์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 132๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
03:31
gave 60 percent of the Super PAC money spent
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง‰ ๋๋‚œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ
03:35
in the cycle we have just seen ending.
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์ˆ˜ํผํŒฉ(๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ •์น˜ ์ž๊ธˆ)์˜ 60%๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So I'm just a lawyer, I look at this range of numbers,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:40
and I say it's fair for me to say
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
it's .05 percent who are our relevant funders in America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 0.05%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
In this sense, the funders are our Lesters.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š” ๊ณง ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
03:50
Now, what can we say about this democracy in USA-land?
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์ž, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:53
Well, as the Supreme Court said in Citizens United,
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์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
03:56
we could say, of course the people have the ultimate influence
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ๊ณต์ง์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„
03:58
over the elected officials. We have a general election,
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ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
but only after the funders have had their way
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์ด์„ ์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์ž๋“ค์ด
04:06
with the candidates who wish to run in that general election.
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
And number two, obviously,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
04:12
this dependence upon the funders
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:15
produces a subtle, understated, camouflaged bending
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์œ„์žฅ๋œ ์™œ๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
to keep the funders happy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์ฃ .
04:21
Candidates for Congress and members of Congress
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๊ตญํšŒ์˜์› ํ›„๋ณด์™€ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์€
04:24
spend between 30 and 70 percent of their time
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์ž๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ 30% ์—์„œ 70%๋ฅผ
04:28
raising money to get back to Congress
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๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:31
or to get their party back into power,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๋‹น์˜ ํž˜์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and the question we need to ask is, what does it do to them,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
these humans, as they spend their time
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:38
behind the telephone, calling people they've never met,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
but calling the tiniest slice of the one percent?
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1%๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
04:45
As anyone would, as they do this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:47
they develop a sixth sense, a constant awareness
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œก๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
about how what they do might affect their ability to raise money.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•˜์ฃ .
04:54
They become, in the words of "The X-Files,"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์—‘์ŠคํŒŒ์ผ"์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ง๋Œ€๋กœ
04:56
shape-shifters, as they constantly adjust their views
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๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ œ๋ฉ‹๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
in light of what they know will help them to raise money,
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์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋” ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Š˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ฃ .
05:02
not on issues one to 10,
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1๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:04
but on issues 11 to 1,000.
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11๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1000๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Leslie Byrne, a Democrat from Virginia,
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๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์ธ ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒˆ์€
05:08
describes that when she went to Congress,
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์˜ํšŒ์— ์ง„์ถœํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
she was told by a colleague, "Always lean to the green."
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๋™๋ฃŒ ์˜์›์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋…น์ƒ‰์„ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”."
05:14
Then to clarify, she went on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
"He was not an environmentalist." (Laughter)
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"์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”." (์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ(Green): ๋ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์†์–ด
05:20
So here too we have a democracy,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
a democracy dependent upon the funders
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:24
and dependent upon the people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜,
05:26
competing dependencies,
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ์˜์กด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:28
possibly conflicting dependencies
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜์กด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
depending upon who the funders are.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๋ฌผ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Okay, the United States is Lesterland, point number one.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Here's point number two.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š”,
05:39
The United States is worse than Lesterland,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
worse than Lesterland because you can imagine in Lesterland
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
if we Lesters got a letter from the government that said,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:47
"Hey, you get to pick who gets to run in the general election,"
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"์ž, ์ด์„ ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๋Š” ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:50
we would think maybe of a kind of aristocracy of Lesters.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ท€์กฑ์ธต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
You know, there are Lesters from every part of social society.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
There are rich Lesters, poor Lesters, black Lesters, white Lesters,
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๋ถ€์ž, ๊ฑฐ์ง€, ํ‘์ธ, ๋ฐฑ์ธ,
05:59
not many women Lesters, but put that to the side for one second.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
We have Lesters from everywhere. We could think,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
"What could we do to make Lesterland better?"
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
06:07
It's at least possible the Lesters would act for the good of Lesterland.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
But in our land, in this land, in USA-land,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ณณ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
06:15
there are certainly some sweet Lesters out there,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:18
many of them in this room here today,
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์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
06:20
but the vast majority of Lesters act for the Lesters,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค, ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
because the shifting coalitions that are comprising the .05 percent
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 0.05% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€
06:28
are not comprising it for the public interest.
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๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
It's for their private interest. In this sense, the USA is worse than Lesterland.
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์‚ฌ์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ Œ๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And finally, point number three:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
06:37
Whatever one wants to say about Lesterland,
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:40
against the background of its history, its traditions,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋“ ์ง€
06:43
in our land, in USA-land, Lesterland is a corruption,
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์ด ๊ณณ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
a corruption.
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๋ถ€ํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Now, by corruption I don't mean brown paper bag cash
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ '๋ถ€ํŒจ'๋Š” ๊ตญํšŒ์—์„œ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:53
secreted among members of Congress.
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๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ข…์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋ˆ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
I don't mean Rod Blagojevich sense of corruption.
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๋กœ๋“œ ๋ธ”๋ผ๊ณ ์ด์–ด๋น„์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์ง์„ ๋ˆ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํŒ”๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ˜์˜
06:58
I don't mean any criminal act.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
07:00
The corruption I'm talking about is perfectly legal.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It's a corruption relative to the framers' baseline for this republic.
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์ด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
The framers gave us what they called a republic,
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์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
but by a republic they meant a representative democracy,
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๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
and by a representative democracy, they meant a government,
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๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ 
07:19
as Madison put it in Federalist 52, that would have a branch
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๋งค๋””์Šจ์ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 52ํŽธ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:22
that would be dependent upon the people alone.
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์˜ค์ง ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
So here's the model of government.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
They have the people and the government
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:31
with this exclusive dependency,
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
but the problem here is that Congress has evolved a different dependence,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—๋„ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋ คํ•ด
07:37
no longer a dependence upon the people alone,
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๋”๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:40
increasingly a dependence upon the funders.
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Now this is a dependence too,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:46
but it's different and conflicting from a dependence upon the people alone
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•  ๋•Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
so long as the funders are not the people.
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:54
This is a corruption.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
Now, there's good news and bad news about this corruption.
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
One bit of good news is that it's bipartisan,
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–‘๋‹น์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
equal-opportunity corruption.
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๋ถ€ํŒจํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:03
It blocks the left on a whole range of issues that we on the left really care about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ขŒํŒŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
It blocks the right too, as it makes
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์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
principled arguments of the right increasingly impossible.
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์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
So the right wants smaller government.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐํŒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
When Al Gore was Vice President, his team had an idea
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์•จ ๊ณ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ์˜ ํŒ€์€
08:19
for deregulating a significant portion of the telecommunications industry.
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์ „๊ธฐ ํ†ต์‹  ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
The chief policy man took this idea to Capitol Hill,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์บํ”ผํ†จ ํž(๋ฏธ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€)์— ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
08:26
and as he reported back to me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
the response was, "Hell no!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€, "์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
08:30
If we deregulate these guys,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•˜๋ฉด,
08:32
how are we going to raise money from them?"
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
08:35
This is a system that's designed to save the status quo,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
including the status quo of big and invasive government.
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๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:43
It works against the left and the right,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ขŒํŒŒ์™€ ์šฐํŒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
08:45
and that, you might say, is good news.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
But here's the bad news.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
It's a pathological, democracy-destroying corruption,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
because in any system
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€
08:55
where the members are dependent upon
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด
08:57
the tiniest fraction of us for their election,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
09:00
that means the tiniest number of us,
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
09:03
the tiniest, tiniest number of us,
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๊ทธ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:05
can block reform.
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๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:07
I know that should have been, like, a rock or something.
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๋ฐ”์œ„๋‚˜ ๋ญ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:09
I can only find cheese. I'm sorry. So there it is.
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์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฐ–์— ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Block reform.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋ง‰์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Because there is an economy here, an economy of influence,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ ,
09:18
an economy with lobbyists at the center
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋กœ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:20
which feeds on polarization.
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์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
It feeds on dysfunction.
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์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
09:25
The worse that it is for us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋” ์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
the better that it is for this fundraising.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Henry David Thoreau: "There are a thousand hacking
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์†Œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์•…์˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
09:35
at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root."
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์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋‹ค."
09:39
This is the root.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Okay, now, every single one of you knows this.
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
You couldn't be here if you didn't know this, yet you ignore it.
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์ด ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
You ignore it. This is an impossible problem.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:54
You focus on the possible problems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
like eradicating polio from the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:00
or taking an image of every single street across the globe,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:03
or building the first real universal translator,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:06
or building a fusion factory in your garage.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ํ“จ์ „ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:10
These are the manageable problems, so you ignore โ€”
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒดํ•˜์ฃ .
10:13
(Laughter) (Applause) โ€”
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:19
so you ignore this corruption.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
But we cannot ignore this corruption anymore.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:30
We need a government that works.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
And not works for the left or the right,
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์ขŒํŒŒ๋งŒ, ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŒŒ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:36
but works for the left and the right,
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์ขŒํŒŒ์™€ ์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:39
the citizens of the left and right,
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์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
because there is no sensible reform possible
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
10:44
until we end this corruption.
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์–ด๋–คํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:47
So I want you to take hold, to grab the issue you care the most about.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Climate change is mine, but it might be financial reform
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด๋‚˜
10:53
or a simpler tax system or inequality.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:56
Grab that issue, sit it down in front of you,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ™๋“ค๊ณ ์„  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:58
look straight in its eyes, and tell it there is no Christmas this year.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:02
There will never be a Christmas.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
We will never get your issue solved
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๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
11:06
until we fix this issue first.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
So it's not that mine is the most important issue. It's not.
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์ฆ‰ ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Yours is the most important issue, but mine is the first issue,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
the issue we have to solve before we get to fix
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ ์ „์—
11:20
the issues you care about.
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๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
No sensible reform, and we cannot afford
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:25
a world, a future, with no sensible reform.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Okay. So how do we do it?
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:32
Turns out, the analytics here are easy, simple.
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๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ณ ๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
If the problem is members spending an extraordinary
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์˜์›๋“ค์ด ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
11:38
amount of time fundraising from the tiniest slice of America,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๊ธˆ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋ฉด,
11:41
the solution is to have them spend less time fundraising
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๋ชจ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
11:45
but fundraise from a wider slice of Americans,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
11:48
to spread it out,
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:49
to spread the funder influence so that we restore the idea
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์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ
11:53
of dependence upon the people alone.
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์˜ค์ง ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:56
And to do this does not require a constitutional amendment,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜
11:59
changing the First Amendment.
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์ œ 1์กฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
To do this would require a single statute,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ น์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
a statute establishing what we think of
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์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
12:06
as small dollar funded elections,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ทธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™์„
12:09
a statute of citizen-funded campaigns,
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ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:11
and there's any number of these proposals out there:
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Fair Elections Now Act,
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๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ,
12:14
the American Anti-Corruption Act,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ€ํŒจ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ,
12:17
an idea in my book that I call the Grant and Franklin Project
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์ œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋žœํŠธ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
12:20
to give vouchers to people to fund elections,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์šฐ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:22
an idea of John Sarbanes called the Grassroots Democracy Act.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กด ์‚ฌ๋ฅด๋ฒ ์ธ์ด ํ’€๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Each of these would fix this corruption
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„
12:30
by spreading out the influence of funders to all of us.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
The analytics are easy here.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
It's the politics that's hard, indeed impossibly hard,
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์ •์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
because this reform would shrink K Street,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœํ˜์€ K Street์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋กœ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ ์ง‘๋‹จ
12:48
and Capitol Hill, as Congressman Jim Cooper,
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์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ถ•์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
a Democrat from Tennessee, put it,
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ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์˜์›์ธ ์ง ์ฟ ํผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
12:56
has become a farm league for K Street, a farm league for K Street.
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K Street๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ 2๊ตฐ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
Members and staffers and bureaucrats have
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์˜์›๋“ค, ์ง์›๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
13:03
an increasingly common business model in their head,
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํผ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
a business model focused on their life after government,
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ,
13:08
their life as lobbyists.
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๋กœ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Fifty percent of the Senate between 1998 and 2004
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1998๋…„๊ณผ 2004๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—, ์ƒ์›์˜์› 50%์™€
13:14
left to become lobbyists, 42 percent of the House.
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ํ•˜์›์˜์› 42%๊ฐ€ ์€ํ‡ด ํ›„ ๋กœ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
Those numbers have only gone up,
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
and as United Republic calculated last April,
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์ง€๋‚œ 4์›”์— ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
13:21
the average increase in salary for those who they tracked
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ด‰ ์ธ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€
13:24
was 1,452 percent.
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1,452% ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
So it's fair to ask, how is it possible for them to change this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:36
Now I get this skepticism.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
I get this cynicism. I get this sense of impossibility.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
But I don't buy it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
This is a solvable issue.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
If you think about the issues our parents tried to solve
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
13:54
in the 20th century,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ธ
13:56
issues like racism, or sexism,
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์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š”
13:59
or the issue that we've been fighting in this century, homophobia,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์„ฑ์• ํ˜์˜ค์ฆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
14:02
those are hard issues.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
You don't wake up one day no longer a racist.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์•„์นจ์— ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
It takes generations to tear that intuition, that DNA,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ DNA๋ฅผ
14:12
out of the soul of a people.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์•  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
But this is a problem of just incentives, just incentives.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Change the incentives, and the behavior changes,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
and the states that have adopted small dollar funded systems
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:23
have seen overnight a change in the practice.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์•„์นจ์— ๊ด€ํ–‰์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
When Connecticut adopted this system,
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์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์„ ๋•Œ,
14:28
in the very first year, 78 percent of elected representatives
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์ฒซ ํ•ด์— ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ํ•˜์›์˜์›๋“ค์˜ 78%๊ฐ€
14:32
gave up large contributions and took small contributions only.
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๋งŽ์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ž๊ธˆ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
It's solvable,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
not by being a Democrat,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
14:41
not by being a Republican.
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
It's solvable by being citizens, by being citizens,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ,
14:47
by being TEDizens.
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TED ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Because if you want to kickstart reform,
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๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
14:54
look, I could kickstart reform
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
14:57
at half the price of fixing energy policy,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žก๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ˆ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
15:01
I could give you back a republic.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Okay. But even if you're not yet with me,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ น ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„,
15:07
even if you believe this is impossible,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋”๋ผ๋„,
15:11
what the five years since I spoke at TED has taught me
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TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ 5๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
15:14
as I've spoken about this issue again and again is,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”,
15:17
even if you think it's impossible, that is irrelevant.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
Irrelevant.
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์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
I spoke at Dartmouth once, and a woman stood up after I spoke,
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๋‹คํŠธ๋จธ์Šค๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„, ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
15:26
I write in my book, and she said to me,
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์ œ ์ฑ…์—๋„ ์“ด ์ผํ™”์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
"Professor, you've convinced me this is hopeless. Hopeless.
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"๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๋ง์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
15:34
There's nothing we can do."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”."
15:37
When she said that, I scrambled.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
I tried to think, "How do I respond to that hopelessness?
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ €๋Ÿฐ ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€?
15:41
What is that sense of hopelessness?"
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์ด ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ์€ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?"
15:43
And what hit me was an image of my six-year-old son.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, 6์‚ด๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
And I imagined a doctor coming to me and saying,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
15:51
"Your son has terminal brain cancer, and there's nothing you can do.
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"์•„๋“œ๋‹˜์€ ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘ ๋ง๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
Nothing you can do."
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
16:00
So would I do nothing?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:03
Would I just sit there? Accept it? Okay, nothing I can do?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”?
16:06
I'm going off to build Google Glass.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
16:09
Of course not. I would do everything I could,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
and I would do everything I could because this is what love means,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹ค ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:17
that the odds are irrelevant and that you do
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:19
whatever the hell you can, the odds be damned.
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ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ถ์ฐฝ์—๋‚˜ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
16:23
And then I saw the obvious link, because even we liberals
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๋„
16:26
love this country.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:32
And so when the pundits and the politicians
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
16:34
say that change is impossible,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋„
16:36
what this love of country says back is,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
"That's just irrelevant."
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑด ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”."
16:42
We lose something dear,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
16:44
something everyone in this room loves and cherishes,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
16:47
if we lose this republic, and so we act
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
16:51
with everything we can to prove these pundits wrong.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
So here's my question:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜์ ธ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
Do you have that love?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:04
Do you have that love?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:06
Because if you do,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:08
then what the hell are you, what are the hell are we doing?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:13
When Ben Franklin was carried from the constitutional convention
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1787๋…„ 9์›”, ๋ฒค ํ”Œ๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์ด ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ • ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
17:18
in September of 1787, he was stopped in the street by a woman who said,
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
"Mr. Franklin, what have you wrought?"
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"ํ”Œ๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์”จ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
17:25
Franklin said, "A republic, madam, if you can keep it."
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๊ทธ๋Š”, "๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”."๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
A republic. A representative democracy.
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๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ. ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜.
17:38
A government dependent upon the people alone.
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์˜ค์ง ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€.
17:45
We have lost that republic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
All of us have to act to get it back.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:02
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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