Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it | Emma Marris

159,485 views ใƒป 2016-08-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sophie KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sungho Yoo
00:12
We are stealing nature from our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:16
Now, when I say this, I don't mean that we are destroying nature
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”
00:19
that they will have wanted us to preserve,
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
00:22
although that is unfortunately also the case.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
00:25
What I mean here is that we've started to define nature in a way
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์ œ ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
00:28
that's so purist and so strict
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์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:31
that under the definition we're creating for ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ทธ ์ •์˜ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š”
00:34
there won't be any nature left for our children
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:37
when they're adults.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์š”.
00:39
But there's a fix for this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:41
So let me explain.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
00:43
Right now, humans use half of the world
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
to live, to grow their crops and their timber,
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜์ฃ , ๊ณก์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด์ฃ , ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ์ฃ .
00:49
to pasture their animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉํ•˜์ฃ .
00:51
If you added up all the human beings,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:53
we would weigh 10 times as much as all the wild mammals put together.
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์•ผ์ƒ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ 10๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:58
We cut roads through the forest.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธธ์„ ๋‚ด์ฃ .
01:01
We have added little plastic particles to the sand on ocean beaches.
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๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์–‘ ํ•ด๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ๋”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:06
We've changed the chemistry of the soil with our artificial fertilizers.
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์ธ๊ณต๋น„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:11
And of course, we've changed the chemistry of the air.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:14
So when you take your next breath,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆจ์„ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:16
you'll be breathing in 42 percent more carbon dioxide
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ 42% ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:20
than if you were breathing in 1750.
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1750๋…„์— ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
01:23
So all of these changes, and many others,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€
01:25
have come to be kind of lumped together under this rubric of the "Anthropocene."
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์š”. ์ด '์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ' ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:30
And this is a term that some geologists are suggesting
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
01:33
we should give to our current epoch,
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๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:34
given how pervasive human influence has been over it.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•จ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
01:38
Now, it's still just a proposed epoch, but I think it's a helpful way
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์„ธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์›€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด์š”.
01:42
to think about the magnitude of human influence on the planet.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:46
So where does this put nature?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋ญ์ฃ ?
01:48
What counts as nature in a world where everything is influenced by humans?
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž์—ฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:53
So 25 years ago, environmental writer Bill McKibben said
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25๋…„ ์ „์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ €์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ธ ๋นŒ ๋งฅํ‚ค๋ฒˆ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:57
that because nature was a thing apart from man
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:02
and because climate change meant
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:03
that every centimeter of the Earth was altered by man,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  cm๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:07
then nature was over.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
02:09
In fact, he called his book "The End of Nature."
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ "์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ง"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:14
I disagree with this. I just disagree with this.
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์ €๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
02:16
I disagree with this definition of nature, because, fundamentally, we are animals.
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ˆ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:20
Right? Like, we evolved on this planet
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๋งž๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:23
in the context of all the other animals with which we share a planet,
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์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:27
and all the other plants, and all the other microbes.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋„์š”.
02:30
And so I think that nature
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์š”. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์€์š”.
02:32
is not that which is untouched by humanity, man or woman.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜, ๋‚จ์ž ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:36
I think that nature is anywhere where life thrives,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:40
anywhere where there are multiple species together,
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๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:43
anywhere that's green and blue and thriving and filled with life
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ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž—๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:47
and growing.
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์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:49
And under that definition,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •์˜์—์„œ๋Š”
02:51
things look a little bit different.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์š”.
02:54
Now, I understand that there are certain parts of this nature
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์š”.
02:57
that speak to us in a special way.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด์ฃ .
03:00
Places like Yellowstone,
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์˜๋กœ์šฐ์Šคํ†ค์ด๋‚˜
03:02
or the Mongolian steppe,
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๋ชฝ๊ณจ์˜ ์Šคํ…์ง€๋Œ€๋‚˜
03:03
or the Great Barrier Reef
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๋Œ€๋ณด์ดˆ
03:05
or the Serengeti.
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ํ˜น์€ ์„ธ๋ ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
03:06
Places that we think of as kind of Edenic representations
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์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํ‘œ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
03:10
of a nature before we screwed everything up.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด์ฃ .
03:14
And in a way, they are less impacted by our day to day activities.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
03:18
Many of these places have no roads or few roads,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ฃ .
03:21
so on, like such.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:22
But ultimately, even these Edens are deeply influenced by humans.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š”.
03:28
Now, let's just take North America, for example,
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:31
since that's where we're meeting.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:32
So between about 15,000 years ago when people first came here,
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์•ฝ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™”๊ณ 
03:36
they started a process of interacting with the nature
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:38
that led to the extinction of a big slew of large-bodied animals,
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์ด๋กœ์จ ๋ฉ์น˜ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:43
from the mastodon to the giant ground sloth,
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๋งˆ์Šคํ† ๋ˆ, ๋•…๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š˜๋ณด
03:45
saber-toothed cats,
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๊ฒ€์น˜ํ˜ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
03:46
all of these cool animals that unfortunately are no longer with us.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
03:50
And when those animals went extinct,
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:52
you know, the ecosystems didn't stand still.
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋งŒ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:54
Massive ripple effects changed grasslands into forests,
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์›์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ˆฒ์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:58
changed the composition of forest from one tree to another.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:02
So even in these Edens,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ
04:03
even in these perfect-looking places
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์กฐ์ฐจ
04:05
that seem to remind us of a past before humans,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
04:09
we're essentially looking at a humanized landscape.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”๋œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:12
Not just these prehistoric humans, but historical humans, indigenous people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
04:16
all the way up until the moment when the first colonizers showed up.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„๊ณง ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:20
And the case is the same for the other continents as well.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:23
Humans have just been involved in nature
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:26
in a very influential way for a very long time.
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๋งค์šฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ์š”.
04:30
Now, just recently, someone told me,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:32
"Oh, but there are still wild places."
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"์˜ค, ์•„์ง ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
04:34
And I said, "Where? Where? I want to go."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์–ด๋””์š”? ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ๋ž˜์š”."
04:36
And he said, "The Amazon."
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์™ˆ, "์•„๋งˆ์กด์ด์š”."
04:38
And I was like, "Oh, the Amazon. I was just there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์˜ค, ์•„๋งˆ์กด. ๊ฑฐ๊ธธ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
04:41
It's awesome. National Geographic sent me to Manรบ National Park,
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๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด ๋งˆ๋ˆ„๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์คฌ์ฃ .
04:44
which is in the Peruvian Amazon,
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ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์•„๋งˆ์กด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:46
but it's a big chunk of rainforest, uncleared, no roads,
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์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
04:50
protected as a national park,
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:51
one of the most, in fact, biodiverse parks in the world.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์›๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:54
And when I got in there with my canoe, what did I find, but people.
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์นด๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:59
People have been living there for hundreds and thousands of years.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์š”.
05:03
People live there, and they don't just float over the jungle.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ •๊ธ€์„ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:06
They have a meaningful relationship with the landscape.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:09
They hunt. They grow crops.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•ด์š”. ๊ณก์‹์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์š”.
05:11
They domesticate crops.
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๊ณก์‹์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ฃ .
05:13
They use the natural resources to build their houses,
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์–ด์š”.
05:16
to thatch their houses.
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์ง‘์„ ์—ฎ์–ด์š”.
05:17
They even make pets out of animals that we consider to be wild animals.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์š”.
05:21
These people are there
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:23
and they're interacting with the environment
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:25
in a way that's really meaningful and that you can see in the environment.
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:29
Now, I was with an anthropologist on this trip,
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์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:31
and he told me, as we were floating down the river,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
05:34
he said, "There are no demographic voids in the Amazon."
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"์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
05:39
This statement has really stuck with me,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ •๋ง ๊นŠ์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:41
because what it means is that the whole Amazon is like this.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„๋งˆ์กด์ด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:43
There's people everywhere.
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:45
And many other tropical forests are the same,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด๋Œ€๋ฆผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
05:48
and not just tropical forests.
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๊ทธ์ € ์—ด๋Œ€๋ฆผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:49
People have influenced ecosystems in the past,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:53
and they continue to influence them in the present,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
05:55
even in places where they're harder to notice.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ํž˜๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค˜์š”.
05:59
So, if all of the definitions of nature that we might want to use
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์˜๊ฐ€
06:04
that involve it being untouched by humanity
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:07
or not having people in it,
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06:09
if all of those actually give us a result where we don't have any nature,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
then maybe they're the wrong definitions.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •์˜์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:17
Maybe we should define it by the presence of multiple species,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€.
06:20
by the presence of a thriving life.
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๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€.
06:23
Now, if we do it that way,
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:25
what do we get?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:26
Well, it's this kind of miracle.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—์š”.
06:29
All of a sudden, there's nature all around us.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:32
All of a sudden, we see this Monarch caterpillar
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”.
06:34
munching on this plant,
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ‰์•„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:36
and we realize that there it is,
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”.
06:38
and it's in this empty lot in Chattanooga.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:42
And look at this empty lot.
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์ด ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:43
I mean, there's, like, probably,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
06:45
a dozen, minimum, plant species growing there,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ์ข…์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:48
supporting all kinds of insect life,
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜์ฃ .
06:50
and this is a completely unmanaged space, a completely wild space.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๊ณ  ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—์š”.
06:55
This is a kind of wild nature right under our nose,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ์ž์—ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ” ์•ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:58
that we don't even notice.
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์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
07:00
And there's an interesting little paradox, too.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์—ญ์„ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:03
So this nature,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:04
this kind of wild, untended part
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ค๋– ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”
07:07
of our urban, peri-urban, suburban agricultural existence
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๋„์‹œ, ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€, ์™ธ๊ณฝ ๋†์—… ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:11
that flies under the radar,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
07:13
it's arguably more wild than a national park,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ผ์ƒ์ด์—์š”.
07:18
because national parks are very carefully managed
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:20
in the 21st century.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Crater Lake in southern Oregon, which is my closest national park,
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๋‚จ ์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ณค์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ตฌ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:25
is a beautiful example of a landscape that seems to be coming out of the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
But they're managing it carefully.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์š”.
07:32
One of the issues they have now is white bark pine die-off.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
White bark pine is a beautiful, charismatic --
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ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š”
07:39
I'll say it's a charismatic megaflora
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ
07:42
that grows up at high altitude --
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๊ณ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
and it's got all these problems right now with disease.
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:46
There's a blister rust that was introduced,
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๋ฐœ์ง„ ๋…น๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข€์— ๊ฒฐ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
07:48
bark beetle.
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07:50
So to deal with this, the park service has been planting
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋‹จ์€
07:54
rust-resistant white bark pine seedlings in the park,
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๋…น๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:58
even in areas that they are otherwise managing as wilderness.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋„์š”.
08:02
And they're also putting out beetle repellent in key areas
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข€ ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:05
as I saw last time I went hiking there.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋ดค์ฃ .
08:07
And this kind of thing is really much more common than you would think.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ”ํ•ด์š”.
08:11
National parks are heavily managed.
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์š”.
08:12
The wildlife is kept to a certain population size and structure.
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์•ผ์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:15
Fires are suppressed.
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋ผ์š”.
08:17
Fires are started.
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ผ์š”.
08:18
Non-native species are removed.
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ํ† ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์š”.
08:20
Native species are reintroduced.
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ํ† ์ข…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์š”.
08:22
And in fact, I took a look,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—”
08:23
and Banff National Park is doing all of the things I just listed:
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๋ฐดํ”„๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:27
suppressing fire, having fire,
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ํ™”์žฌ ์–ต์ œ, ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ
08:28
radio-collaring wolves, reintroducing bison.
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๋Š‘๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฌด์„  ์†ก์‹ , ๋ฌผ์†Œ ์žฌ ๋„์ž….
08:30
It takes a lot of work to make these places look untouched.
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
08:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:43
And in a further irony, these places that we love the most
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๋”์šฑ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด
08:47
are the places that we love a little too hard, sometimes.
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๊ฐ€๋” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
08:50
A lot of us like to go there,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
08:51
and because we're managing them to be stable
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๊ฑฐ๊ธธ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
08:54
in the face of a changing planet,
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋งž์„œ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
08:56
they often are becoming more fragile over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:59
Which means that they're the absolute worst places
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐฉํ•™๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
09:01
to take your children on vacation,
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๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:03
because you can't do anything there.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:05
You can't climb the trees.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:07
You can't fish the fish.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชป ์žก์•„์š”.
09:08
You can't make a campfire out in the middle of nowhere.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์„ ํ”ผ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:11
You can't take home the pinecones.
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์†”๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ์ง‘์— ๋ชป ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์š”.
09:12
There are so many rules and restrictions
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์น™๊ณผ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
09:14
that from a child's point of view,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
09:16
this is, like, the worst nature ever.
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๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ด์—์š”.
09:19
Because children don't want to hike
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
09:21
through a beautiful landscape for five hours
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
09:24
and then look at a beautiful view.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ „๋ง ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์ฃ .
09:26
That's maybe what we want to do as adults,
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
09:28
but what kids want to do is hunker down in one spot
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•‰์•„
09:31
and just tinker with it, just work with it,
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:33
just pick it up, build a house, build a fort, do something like that.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์š”์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:38
Additionally, these sort of Edenic places
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๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ๋“ค์€
09:40
are often distant from where people live.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋จผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:44
And they're expensive to get to. They're hard to visit.
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋“ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
09:46
So this means that they're only available to the elites,
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์ฆ‰ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด๋‚˜ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:49
and that's a real problem.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
09:53
The Nature Conservancy did a survey of young people,
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์ž์—ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
and they asked them, how often do you spend time outdoors?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:00
And only two out of five spent time outdoors
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 2/5 ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์š”.
10:02
at least once a week.
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10:03
The other three out of five were just staying inside.
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3/5๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:06
And when they asked them why, what are the barriers to going outside,
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ , ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:11
the response of 61 percent was,
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61%์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€์š”.
10:14
"There are no natural areas near my home."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ž์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
10:18
And this is crazy. This is just patently false.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ด์—์š”.
10:21
I mean, 71 percent of people in the US
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 71%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
10:24
live within a 10-minute walk of a city park.
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๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ 10๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‹œ ๊ณต์›์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:27
And I'm sure the figures are similar in other countries.
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ํ™•์‹ ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
10:30
And that doesn't even count your back garden,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น ์ •์›๊ณผ
10:32
the urban creek, the empty lot.
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๋„์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ์šธ, ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•ˆ ์…Œ์–ด์š”.
10:35
Everybody lives near nature.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด์•„์š”.
10:37
Every kid lives near nature.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„์š”.
10:39
We've just somehow forgotten how to see it.
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์›ฌ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:41
We've spent too much time watching David Attenborough documentaries
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์•„ํ…๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
10:45
where the nature is really sexy --
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ •๋ง ์„น์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:47
and we've forgotten how to see the nature that is literally right outside our door,
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ, ๋„์‹ฌ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„
10:51
the nature of the street tree.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ์ง€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
10:53
So here's an example: Philadelphia.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
There's this cool elevated railway
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:58
that you can see from the ground, that's been abandoned.
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๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:01
Now, this may sound like the beginning of the High Line story in Manhattan,
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๋งจํ•ดํŠผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
11:04
and it's very similar, except they haven't developed this into a park yet,
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์•„์ง ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
11:08
although they're working on it.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ด์š”.
11:09
So for now, it's still this little sort of secret wilderness
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:12
in the heart of Philadelphia,
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์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ํ™ฉ๋ฌด์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
11:14
and if you know where the hole is in the chain-link fence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ด์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:17
you can scramble up to the top
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:19
and you can find this completely wild meadow
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:22
just floating above the city of Philadelphia.
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์‹œ ์œ„์ชฝ์— ๋–  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
11:25
Every single one of these plants grew from a seed
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์”จ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
that planted itself there.
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์‹๋ฌผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:28
This is completely autonomous, self-willed nature.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ž์—ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
And it's right in the middle of the city.
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๋„์‹œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:34
And they've sent people up there to do sort of biosurveys,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:37
and there are over 50 plant species up there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ 50์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:40
And it's not just plants.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:41
This is an ecosystem, a functioning ecosystem.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”.
11:45
It's creating soil. It's sequestering carbon.
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ํ™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์š”. ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
11:47
There's pollination going on.
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:49
I mean, this is really an ecosystem.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง„์งœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์ฃ .
11:53
So scientists have started calling ecosystems like these "novel ecosystems,"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ '๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„'๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:57
because they're often dominated by non-native species,
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๊ทธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ ์ข…์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
11:59
and because they're just super weird.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ด์ƒํ•ด์„œ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:01
They're just unlike anything we've ever seen before.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
12:04
For so long, we dismissed all these novel ecosystems as trash.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
We're talking about regrown agricultural fields,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฐญ์„
12:10
timber plantations that are not being managed on a day-to-day basis,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ชฉ์žฌ ๋†์žฅ์„
12:14
second-growth forests generally, the entire East Coast,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด์ฐจ๋ฆผ ์ˆฒ์„, ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
where after agriculture moved west, the forest sprung up.
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๋†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆฒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
12:21
And of course, pretty much all of Hawaii,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•˜์™€์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
12:23
where novel ecosystems are the norm,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์žฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:26
where exotic species totally dominate.
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์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜์ฃ .
12:29
This forest here has Queensland maple,
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์ด ์ˆฒ์—๋Š” ํ€ธ์ฆ๋žœ๋“œ ๋‹จํ’๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:31
it has sword ferns from Southeast Asia.
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๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ค„๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:35
You can make your own novel ecosystem, too.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:37
It's really simple.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
12:38
You just stop mowing your lawn.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ๊นŽ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
12:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:41
Ilkka Hanski was an ecologist in Finland, and he did this experiment himself.
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์ผ์นด ํ•œ์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž์˜ˆ์š”. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:45
He just stopped mowing his lawn,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ๊นŽ์•˜์ฃ .
12:46
and after a few years, he had some grad students come,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
and they did sort of a bio-blitz of his backyard,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณต์„ธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
12:52
and they found 375 plant species,
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375๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ข…์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:56
including two endangered species.
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ข… 2์ข…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:59
So when you're up there on that future High Line of Philadelphia,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ๋กœ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
13:06
surrounded by this wildness,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์Œ“์ด๊ณ 
13:07
surrounded by this diversity, this abundance, this vibrance,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ, ํ™œ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:11
you can look over the side
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๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์š”.
13:12
and you can see a local playground for a local school,
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์ง€์—ญ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:16
and that's what it looks like.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋ž˜์š”.
13:18
These children have, that --
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
13:20
You know, under my definition,
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์•„์‹œ์ฃ . ์ œ ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:21
there's a lot of the planet that counts as nature,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
but this would be one of the few places that wouldn't count as nature.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธด ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
13:27
There's nothing there except humans, no other plants, no other animals.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ์—” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:30
And what I really wanted to do
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
13:32
was just, like, throw a ladder over the side
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๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋„˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:34
and get all these kids to come up with me into this cool meadow.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€์— ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก์š”.
13:38
In a way, I feel like this is the choice that faces us.
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์–ด๋Š ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
13:41
If we dismiss these new natures as not acceptable or trashy or no good,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์—ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ , ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ , ์•ˆ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
13:47
we might as well just pave them over.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ ์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌ์žฅํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
And in a world where everything is changing,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
13:52
we need to be very careful about how we define nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ• ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
In order not to steal it from our children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋บ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:57
we have to do two things.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:59
First, we cannot define nature as that which is untouched.
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๋จผ์ €, ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:04
This never made any sense anyway.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด๊ฑด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”.
14:05
Nature has not been untouched for thousands of years.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŒ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:08
And it excludes most of the nature that most people can visit
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๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:12
and have a relationship with,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•ด์š”.
14:14
including only nature that children cannot touch.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ๋งŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Which brings me to the second thing that we have to do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€์š”.
14:21
which is that we have to let children touch nature,
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์•„์ด๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
14:23
because that which is untouched is unloved.
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๋งŒ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:35
We face some pretty grim environmental challenges on this planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์•”์šธํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:39
Climate change is among them.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:40
There's others too: habitat loss is my favorite thing
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ „ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”.
14:43
to freak out about in the middle of the night.
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ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์—๋„ ๋ง‰ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ •๋„๋ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:45
But in order to solve them,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
14:47
we need people -- smart, dedicated people --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ
14:50
who care about nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์— ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
14:51
And the only way we're going to raise up a generation of people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
14:54
who care about nature
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14:56
is by letting them touch nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
14:58
I have a Fort Theory of Ecology,
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์ œ๊ฒ ์š”์ƒˆ ์ƒํƒœ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Fort Theory of Conservation.
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์š”์ƒˆ ๋ณด์กด ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Every ecologist I know, every conservation biologist I know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณด์กด์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž
15:05
every conservation professional I know,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณด์กด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š”
15:07
built forts when they were kids.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์š”์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
If we have a generation that doesn't know how to build a fort,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์š”์ƒˆ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:13
we'll have a generation that doesn't know how to care about nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
And I don't want to be the one to tell this kid,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋™๋„ค์˜ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
15:19
who is on a special program
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ
15:20
that takes Philadelphia kids from poor neighborhoods
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15:23
and takes them to city parks,
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:24
I don't want to be the one to tell him that the flower he's holding
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์€ ํ† ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์žก์ดˆ๋กœ
15:27
is a non-native invasive weed that he should throw away as trash.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:31
I think I would much rather learn from this boy
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์ด ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
15:34
that no matter where this plant comes from,
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋“ 
15:37
it is beautiful, and it deserves to be touched and appreciated.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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