A forgotten Space Age technology could change how we grow food | Lisa Dyson

103,840 views ・ 2016-08-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Doyoun Yu κ²€ν† : Minjeong Kim
00:13
Imagine you are a part of a crew of astronauts
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ νŒ€μ›μ΄ λ˜μ–΄
00:18
traveling to Mars or some distant planet.
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ν™”μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ 멀리 떨어진 ν–‰μ„±μœΌλ‘œ κ°„λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:21
The travel time could take a year
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μ—¬ν–‰μ‹œκ°„μ€ 1λ…„ 정도 걸릴 것이며
00:24
or even longer.
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더 였래 걸릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
The space on board and the resources
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μš°μ£Όμ„  μ•ˆμ˜ 곡간과 μžμ›μ€ ν•œμ •λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
would be limited.
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00:31
So you and the crew would have to figure out how to produce food
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰νŒ€μ€ μ΅œμ†Œμ˜ νˆ¬μž…λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ μŒμ‹μ„ 생산해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
with minimal inputs.
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00:38
What if you could bring with you just a few packets of seeds,
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씨앗 λͺ‡ 봉지λ₯Ό λ“€κ³ κ°€μ„œ
00:42
and grow crops in a matter of hours?
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— μž‘λ¬Όμ„ ν‚€μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:46
And what if those crops would then make more seeds,
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κ·Έ μž‘λ¬Όμ΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 씨앗을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
00:50
enabling you to feed the entire crew
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우주 μ—¬ν–‰ 기간에 λͺ¨λ“  νŒ€μ›μ„ 씨앗 λͺ‡ λ΄‰μ§€λ‘œ λ‹€ 먹일 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”?
00:53
with just those few packets of seeds for the duration of the trip?
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00:58
Well, the scientists at NASA actually figured out a way to do this.
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NASA의 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
What they came up with was actually quite interesting.
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그듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ 것은 μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
미생물과 κ΄€λ ¨ μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:06
It involved microorganisms,
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01:08
which are single-celled organisms.
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단세포 생물이죠.
01:10
And they also used hydrogen from water.
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λ¬Όμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μˆ˜μ†Œλ„ μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
The types of microbes that they used were called hydrogenotrophs,
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그듀이 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 미생물은 ν•˜μ΄λ“œλ‘œμ œλ…ΈνŠΈλ‘œν”„λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데
01:17
and with these hydrogenotrophs, you can create a virtuous carbon cycle
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이 λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ‘œ νƒ„μ†Œ μˆœν™˜μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
01:22
that would sustain life onboard a spacecraft.
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ—μ„œ 생λͺ…을 μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Astronauts would breathe out carbon dioxide,
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬κ°€ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό 내쉬면
01:30
that carbon dioxide would then be captured by the microbes
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미생물이 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
01:34
and converted into a nutritious, carbon-rich crop.
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νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ ν’λΆ€ν•œ μ˜μ–‘κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μž‘λ¬Όλ‘œ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
The astronauts would then eat that carbon-rich crop
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λŠ” νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ ν’λΆ€ν•œ μž‘λ¬Όμ„ λ¨Ήκ³ 
01:41
and exhale the carbon out in the form of carbon dioxide,
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λ‚ μˆ¨μ„ 톡해 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό 내쉬고
01:45
which would then be captured by the microbes,
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그것을 미생물이 λ‹€μ‹œ ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬
01:48
to create a nutritious crop,
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μ˜μ–‘κ°€μžˆλŠ” μž‘λ¬Όμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
01:49
which then would be exhaled in the form of carbon dioxide
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μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ‚΄μ‰½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
by the astronauts.
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01:54
So in this way, a closed-loop carbon cycle is created.
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ νμ‡„ν˜• νƒ„μ†Œμˆœν™˜κ³„κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
So why is this important?
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이것이 μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:00
We need carbon to survive as humans,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄ νƒ„μ†Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ 
02:02
and we get our carbon from food.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŒμ‹μ—μ„œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
On a long space journey,
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κΈ΄ 우주 μ—¬ν–‰μ—μ„œ
02:06
you simply wouldn't be able to pick up any carbon along the way,
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여행을 ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:10
so you'd have to figure out how to recycle it on board.
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ—μ„œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μž¬ν™œμš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
This is a clever solution, right?
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ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ 해결책이죠?
02:16
But the thing is, that research didn't really go anywhere.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ·Έ 연ꡬ에 진전이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
We haven't yet gone to Mars. We haven't yet gone to another planet.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 화성에도 가지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ 행성에도 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
And this was actually done in the '60s and '70s.
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이것은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 60λ…„λŒ€, 70λ…„λŒ€μ— ν–ˆλ˜ 일이죠.
02:27
So a colleague of mine, Dr. John Reed, and I,
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제 λ™λ£Œ μ‘΄ λ¦¬λ“œ 박사와 μ €λŠ”
02:30
were interested, actually, in carbon recycling here on Earth.
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이곳 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ”λ° 관심을 κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
We wanted to come up with technical solutions
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€μ‘ν•  기술적인 해결책을 μ°Ύκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ£ .
02:36
to address climate change.
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02:38
And we discovered this research
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ 이 연ꡬλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
by reading some papers published in the '60s -- 1967 and later --
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60λ…„λŒ€, ꡬ체적으둜 1967λ…„κ³Ό κ·Έ 이후에 λ°œν‘œλœ 논문을 읽닀가
02:45
articles about this work.
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이 연ꡬ에 κ΄€ν•œ 글을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
And we thought it was a really good idea.
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정말 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 생각이라고 느꼈죠.
02:50
So we said, well, Earth is actually like a spaceship.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 지ꡬ가 사싀 μš°μ£Όμ„ κ³Ό 비견할 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
We have limited space and limited resources,
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μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” μ œν•œλœ 곡간과 μ œν•œλœ μžμ›μ„ κ°–κ³  있고
02:57
and on Earth, we really do need to figure out
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νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό 잘 μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 법을 κΌ­ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
how to recycle our carbon better.
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03:03
So we had the idea,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
03:05
can we take some of these NASA-type ideas and apply them
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NASA 같은 아이디어λ₯Ό 가지고
μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ νƒ„μ†Œ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
03:12
to our carbon problem here on Earth?
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03:14
Could we cultivate these NASA-type microbes
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NASA ν˜• 미생물을 λ°°μ–‘ν•΄μ„œ
03:17
in order to make valuable products here on Earth?
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이곳 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 값진 μƒν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?
03:21
We started a company to do it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:23
And in that company, we discovered that these hydrogenotrophs --
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κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ "μžμ—°μ˜ 효율적인 νƒ„μ†Œ μž¬μƒκΈ°" 라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”
03:28
which I'll actually call nature's supercharged carbon recyclers --
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ν•˜μ΄λ“œλ‘œκ²Œλ…ΈνŠΈλ‘œν”„λ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:32
we found that they are a powerful class of microbes
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그듀은 효과적인 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:35
that had been largely overlooked and understudied,
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ²Œ κ°„κ³Όλ˜μ—ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
03:39
and that they could make some really valuable products.
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맀우 κ°€μΉ˜μžˆλŠ” 결과물을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
So we began cultivating these products, these microbes, in our lab.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 미생물듀을 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ°°μ–‘ν•΄λ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
03:47
We found that we can make essential amino acids from carbon dioxide
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•„μˆ˜μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚°μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°ν˜€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
using these microbes.
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이 미생물듀을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:52
And we even made a protein-rich meal
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그리고 μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” μΌλΆ€μ˜ 동물성 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ—μ„œλ§Œ
03:55
that has an amino acid profile similar to what you might find
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μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚°μœΌλ‘œ 이루어진
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ ν’λΆ€ν•œ μŒμ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
in some animal proteins.
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04:02
We began cultivating them even further,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쑰금 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ
04:04
and we found that we can make oil.
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기름을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Oils are used to manufacture many products.
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기름은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 산물을 μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ“°μΌμˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
04:09
We made an oil that was similar to a citrus oil,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°κ·€μœ μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 기름을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
which can be used for flavoring and for fragrances,
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맛과 ν–₯을 λ‚΄λŠ” 데 쓰일 수 있게 말이죠.
04:16
but it also can be used as a biodegradable cleaner
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λ˜ν•œ 생뢄해성 μ„Έμ œλ‘œ 쓰일 수 도 있으며
04:18
or even as a jet fuel.
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” 제트 μ—°λ£Œλ‘œλ„ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
And we made an oil that's similar to palm oil.
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그리고 νŒœμœ μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 기름도 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 내기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Palm oil is used to manufacture
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νŒœμœ λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
04:26
a wide range of consumer and industrial goods.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚°μ—… μ œν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
We began working with manufacturers to scale up this technology,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μƒμ‚°μžλ“€κ³Ό λ™μ—…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:35
and we're currently working with them
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
to bring some of these products to market.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ„ μ‹œμž₯에 내보내기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
04:40
We believe this type of technology can indeed help us
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이 기술이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 큰 도움이 될 거라고 λ―Ώμ–΄ μ˜μ‹¬μΉ˜ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
profitably recycle carbon dioxide into valuable products --
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μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό μœ μ΅ν•˜κ²Œ μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ°€μΉ˜μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
04:47
something that's beneficial for the planet
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—κ²Œλ„ μœ μ΅ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:49
but also beneficial for business.
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κΈ°μ—…μ—κ²Œλ„ 도움이 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:52
That's what we're doing today.
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그게 λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
04:54
But tomorrow, this type of technology and using these types of microbes
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ—λŠ” 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 기술과 미생물듀을 톡해
04:58
actually could help us do something even greater
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ­”κ°€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 도와 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
if we take it to the next level.
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 계속 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
05:04
We believe that this type of technology
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 기술이
05:06
can actually help us address an issue with agriculture
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μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 우리의 농업 κ΄€λ ¨ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όκ³ 
05:09
and allow us to create a type of agriculture that's sustainable,
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지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 농업을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λ„λ‘ ν•˜λ©°
05:14
that will allow us to scale to meet the demands of tomorrow.
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ— 우리의 λͺ©ν‘œλŸ‰μ„ 달성할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
And why might we need a sustainable agriculture?
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™œ 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ 농업이 ν•„μš”ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
05:22
Well, actually, it is estimated
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음, 사싀은 좔정상
05:24
that the population will reach about 10 billion by 2050,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μΈκ΅¬μˆ˜λŠ” 2050λ…„ μ•ˆμ— 100μ–΅λͺ…을 λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
and we're projecting that we will need to increase food production
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŒμ‹ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ 전보닀 λŠ˜λ €μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
by 70 percent.
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μ•½ 70% μ •λ„λ‘œμš”.
05:35
In addition, we will need many more resources and raw materials
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μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ²œμ—°μžμ›λ“€μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
to make consumer goods and industrial goods.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€κ³Ό 곡업을 μœ„ν•œ μžμ›μ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
05:41
So how will we scale to meet that demand?
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ 높일 μˆ˜μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:44
Well, modern agriculture simply cannot sustainably scale to meet that demand.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 농업은 우리의 λͺ©ν‘œλŸ‰μ— 도달할 만큼의 μƒμ‚°λŸ‰μ„ λ‚Όμˆ˜ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
There are a number of reasons why.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ΄μœ κ°€ 있죠.
05:53
One of them is that modern agriculture is one of the largest emitters
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κ·Έ 이유 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 농업이 μ˜¨μ‹€ κ°€μŠ€μ˜
05:58
of greenhouse gases.
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주범이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:59
In fact, it emits more greenhouse gases
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사싀상, ν˜„λŒ€ 농업이 λΏœμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ˜¨μ‹€ κ°€μŠ€λŠ”
06:03
than our cars, our trucks, our planes
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우리의 μžλ™μ°¨, 트럭, λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°,
06:06
and our trains combined.
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그리고 κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ λΏœμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 양을 λ”ν•œ 것보닀 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
Another reason is that modern ag simply takes up a whole lot of land.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€ 농업이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ 땅을 μ°¨μ§€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
We have cleared 19.4 million square miles for crops and livestock.
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인간은 μ•½ 3천만 μ œκ³±ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° μ •λ„μ˜ 땅을 곑물을 ν‚€μš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŒŒκ΄΄μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
What does that look like?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³΄μ΄λ‚˜μš”?
06:23
Well, that's roughly the size of South America and Africa combined.
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κ·Έ λ„“μ΄λŠ” λŒ€λž΅ 남아메리카와 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ„ ν•©ν•œ 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
Let me give you a specific example.
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μ œκ°€ ꡬ체적인 예λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
06:31
In Indonesia, an amount of virgin rainforest was cleared
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μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ—΄λŒ€ 우림이 μ œκ±°λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
06:36
totaling the size of approximately Ireland,
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κ·Έ 총 ν¬κΈ°λŠ” μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ˜ 크기와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
between 2000 and 2012.
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겨우 12λ…„ λ§Œμ— κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 된 것이죠.
06:42
Just think of all of the species, the diversity,
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ν•œλ²ˆ 지ꡬ에 μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생λͺ…체듀이
06:45
that was removed in the process,
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κ³„νšμ μœΌλ‘œ 제거되고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:47
whether plant life, insects or animal life.
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그게 식물이건, 곀좩이건, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 동물이건 말이죠.
06:51
And a natural carbon sink was also removed.
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그리고 μžμ—°μ˜ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ ν‘μˆ˜κ³„λ„ λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
So let me make this real for you.
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그럼 이게 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ™€λ‹Ώκ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
06:56
This clearing happened primarily to make room for palm plantations.
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이 우림 μ œκ±°λŠ” 주둜 νŒœλ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 심기 μœ„ν•¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
And as I mentioned before,
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μ œκ°€ 방금 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° λŒ€λ‘œ
07:02
palm oil is used to manufacture many products.
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νŒœμœ λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Όν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
In fact, it is estimated that over 50 percent of consumer products
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좔정상 50% μ΄μƒμ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„μž λ¬Όν’ˆμ΄
07:10
are manufactured using palm oil.
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팜유λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μƒμ‚°λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
And that includes things like ice cream, cookies ...
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νŒœμœ λŠ” μ•„μ΄μŠ€ν¬λ¦Ό, 과자 λ“±μ—μ„œλŠ”
07:17
It includes cooking oils.
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μ‹μš©μœ λ‘œ 쓰이고
07:19
It also includes detergents, lotions, soaps.
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μ„Έμ œ, λ‘œμ…˜, λΉ„λˆ„ 등에도 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
07:23
You and I both probably have numerous items
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μ•„λ§ˆ 저와 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Όν’ˆλ“€ 쀑
07:28
in our kitchens and our bathrooms
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특히 μ£Όλ°©, ν™”μž₯μ‹€ λ“±μ˜ κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ
07:30
that were manufactured using palm oil.
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팜유λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ œν’ˆλ“€μ΄ 많이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
So you and I are direct beneficiaries of removed rainforests.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ. 저와 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ—΄λŒ€ μš°λ¦Όμ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 직접적인 도움을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
07:39
Modern ag has some problems,
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 농업은 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³ ,
07:41
and we need solutions if we want to scale sustainably.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 농업을 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ°œμ „ μ‹œν‚¬μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” ν•΄κ²° λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
I believe that microbes can be a part of the answer --
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μ €λŠ” 이 미생물이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” λ‹΅μ˜ 일뢀라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
specifically, these supercharged carbon recyclers.
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특히, 이 νƒ„μ†Œ μž¬μƒκΈ°λ“€μ΄ 말이죠.
07:55
These supercharged carbon recyclers,
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이 νƒ„μ†Œ μž¬μƒκΈ°λ“€μ€
07:58
like plants, serve as the natural recyclers
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마치 μ‹λ¬Όμ²˜λŸΌ μžμ—°μ„ μž¬μƒμ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
in their ecosystems where they thrive.
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그듀이 μžλΌλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
08:04
And they thrive in exotic places on Earth,
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심지어 그듀은 이질적인 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλ„ 뿌리λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
like hydrothermal vents and hot springs.
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μ—΄μˆ˜κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ˜¨μ²œμ—μ„œλ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
In those ecosystems, they take carbon and recycle it
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이 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ, 이 미생물듀은 νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν™œμš© ν•˜μ—¬
08:12
into the nutrients needed for those ecosystems.
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μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ˜μ•™λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And they're rich in nutrients,
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κ·Έ μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ€ μ’…λ₯˜λ„ ꡉμž₯히 λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
such as oils and proteins, minerals and carbohydrates.
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지방, λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ, λ―Έλ„€λž„, 그리고 νƒ„μˆ˜ν™”λ¬Ό 등이죠.
08:24
And actually, microbes are already an integral part of our everyday lives.
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사싀, 미생물은 이미 우리 μ‚Άμ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
If you enjoy a glass of pinot noir on a Friday night,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κΈˆμš”μΌ λ°€, ν•œμž”μ˜ λ ˆλ“œ 와인과 ν•¨κ»˜
08:33
after a long, hard work week,
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κΈΈκ³  νž˜λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ ν•œ μ£Όλ₯Ό 마무리 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
08:35
then you are enjoying a product of microbes.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ 산물을 즐기고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
If you enjoy a beer from your local microbrewery --
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ³ ν–₯의 μ–‘μ‘°μž₯μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ λ§₯μ£Όλ₯Ό 즐긴닀면
08:41
a product of microbes.
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κ·Έ λ˜ν•œ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ 산물이죠.
08:43
Or bread, or cheese, or yogurt.
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ν˜Ήμ€ λΉ΅, 치즈, μš”κ±°νŠΈ
08:47
These are all products of microbes.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ μ‚°λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
But the beauty and power associated with these supercharged carbon recyclers
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 νƒ„μ†Œ μž¬μƒκΈ°μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 맀λ ₯은
08:55
lies in the fact that they can actually produce in a matter of hours
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보톡 λͺ‡ 달에 걸쳐 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 것듀을 이 미생물듀은
09:00
versus months.
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것이죠.
09:01
That means we can make crops
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이 말은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„
09:03
much faster than we're making them today.
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ν˜„μž¬ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 것보닀 훨씬 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
They grow in the dark,
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그듀은 μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ• μ„œλ„ 자라고
09:09
so they can grow in any season
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μ–΄λ–€ κ³„μ ˆμ—μ„œλ„ 자라며
09:11
and in any geography and any location.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μ§ˆν•™μ  μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ 지역에 μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
They can grow in containers that require minimal space.
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그듀은 ꡉμž₯히 μž‘μ€ κ³΅κ°„λ§Œ 있으면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
And we can get to a type of vertical agriculture.
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수직적인 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 농업을 ν• μˆ˜ 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
Instead of our traditional horizontal agriculture
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우리의 전톡적인 μˆ˜ν‰ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ†μ—…κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 말이죠.
09:26
that requires so much land,
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μˆ˜ν‰ν˜•μ˜ 농업은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ 땅을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:27
we can scale vertically,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 농업을 수직 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€κ²Œ 되면
09:29
and as a result produce much more product per area.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 면적 λ‹Ή 더 λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ μž‘λ¬Όμ„ 얻을 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
If we implement this type of approach and use these carbon recyclers,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νƒ„μ†Œ μž¬μƒκΈ°λ₯Ό 톡해 이런 μ‹μ˜ 접근을 μ‹œν–‰ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:40
then we wouldn't have to remove any more rainforests
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 더 이상 μŒμ‹μ΄λ‚˜ μ œν’ˆμ„ μœ„ν•΄
09:43
to make the food and the goods that we consume.
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μ—΄λŒ€ μš°λ¦Όμ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λŠ” 일은 없을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
Because, at a large scale,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ¦Ό μž‘μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ
09:50
you can actually make 10,000 times more output per land area
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면적 λ‹Ή 만 λ°° μ΄μƒμ˜ μ†Œλ“μ„ λ‚Ό 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:56
than you could -- for instance, if you used soybeans --
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λŒ€λ‘μ½©μ„ 예둜 λ“€μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
09:59
if you planted soybeans on that same area of land
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같은 면적에 λŒ€λ‘μ½©μ„ λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ 심고
10:02
over a period of a year.
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1λ…„ 정도 킀웠을 λ•Œ
10:04
Ten thousand times over a period of a year.
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만 λ°° μ •λ„μ˜ 콩을 같은 μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— μ–»μ–΄λ‚Όμˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
So this is what I mean by a new type of agriculture.
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ†μ—…μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
10:12
And this is what I mean by developing a system
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그리고 이게 μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 100μ–΅λͺ…μ˜ 인ꡬ의 μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό 맞좀과 λ™μ‹œμ—
10:15
that allows us to sustainably scale to meet the demands of 10 billion.
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지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
And what would be the products of this new type of agriculture?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 농업을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μƒκΈ°κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
10:26
Well, we've already made a protein meal,
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음, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ ν’λΆ€ν•œ μŒμ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆκ³ 
10:28
so you can imagine something similar to a soybean meal,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ λŒ€λ‘λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  μŒμ‹μ΄λ‚˜
10:31
or even cornmeal, or wheat flour.
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μ˜₯수수, ν˜Ήμ€ λ°€κ°€λ£¨λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  μŒμ‹μ„ 생각해 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
We've already made oils,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 μ‹μš©μœ λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆκ³ 
10:35
so you can imagine something similar to coconut oil
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ½”μ½”λ„› 였일
10:39
or olive oil or soybean oil.
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올리브 κΈ°λ¦„μ΄λ‚˜ 콩기름을 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
So this type of crop can actually produce the nutrients
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 곑물듀은 μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ„ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 곡급할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
that would give us pasta and bread,
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νŒŒμŠ€νƒ€λ‚˜ λΉ΅
10:48
cakes, nutritional items of many sorts.
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케이크 λ“±μ˜ μ˜μ–‘μ†Œ κ°€λ“ν•œ μŒμ‹λ“€μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
10:52
Furthermore, since oil is used to manufacture multiple other goods,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, 기름이 λ§Žμ€ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ“°μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
10:59
industrial products and consumer products,
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곡업 μ œν’ˆκ³Ό μ†ŒλΉ„μž μ œν’ˆ λ“±
11:01
you can imagine being able to make detergents, soaps, lotions, etc.,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 생각할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ„Έμ œ, λΉ„λˆ„, λ‘œμ…˜ 등은
11:06
using these types of crops.
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 곑물듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
Not only are we running out of space,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” 곡간이 점점 쀄어듀고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
11:12
but if we continue to operate under the status quo
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ 농업을
11:15
with modern agriculture,
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
11:16
we run the risk of robbing our progeny of a beautiful planet.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μžμ†κ³Ό μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 지ꡬλ₯Ό 점점 μžƒμ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 될 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
We can imagine a future of abundance.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν’μš”λ‘œμš΄ 미래λ₯Ό 생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
Let us create systems that keep planet Earth, our spaceship,
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 이 지ꡬ, 우리의 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„
11:34
not only from not crashing,
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νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λŠ”κ±Έ λ§‰λŠ” 것 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:36
but let us also develop systems and ways of living
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό μ‚Άμ˜ 방식을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨
11:40
that will be beneficial to the lives of ourselves
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우리 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 삢을 μ‚΄κ³ 
11:44
and the 10 billion that will be on this planet by 2050.
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지ꡬ μ•ˆμ— 100μ–΅λͺ…μ˜ 인ꡬ가 2050λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 문제 없이 μ‚΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­μ‹œλ‹€.
11:48
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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