The design of the universe | George Smoot

388,767 views ใƒป 2008-11-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Junhan Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:16
I thought I would think about changing your perspective on the world a bit,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
00:20
and showing you some of the designs that we have in nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ณ„ํš์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And so, I have my first slide to talk about
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ
00:27
the dawning of the universe and what I call
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์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
the cosmic scene investigation, that is, looking at
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๊ณ 
00:32
the relics of creation and inferring what happened at the beginning,
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ํƒœ์ดˆ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ณ 
00:36
and then following it up and trying to understand it.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And so one of the questions that I asked you is,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ ค ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
when you look around, what do you see?
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์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:43
Well, you see this space that's created by designers
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋œ
00:47
and by the work of people, but what you actually see
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋Š”
00:51
is a lot of material that was already here,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด
00:53
being reshaped in a certain form.
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์ž„์˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
And so the question is: how did that material get here?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ . -- ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:58
How did it get into the form that it had before it got reshaped, and so forth?
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
It's a question of what's the continuity?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
01:04
So one of the things I look at is,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ธ
01:06
how did the universe begin and shape?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
What was the whole process in the creation and the evolution of the universe
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๊ณ 
01:12
to getting to the point that we have these kinds of materials?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
So that's sort of the part, and let me move on then and show you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์šฐ์ฃผ(Ultra Deep Field) ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
01:18
the Hubble Ultra Deep Field.
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
If you look at this picture,
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์—๋Š”
01:22
what you will see is a lot of dark with some light objects in it.
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์•”ํ‘์†์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And everything but -- four of these light objects are stars,
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4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณ„์ด๊ณ 
01:28
and you can see them there -- little pluses.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
This is a star, this is a star, everything else is a galaxy, OK?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„์ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜์ด์ฃ .
01:35
So there's a couple of thousand galaxies
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
01:37
you can see easily with your eye in here.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
And when I look out at particularly this galaxy,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ๋‹ฎ์•„์žˆ๋Š”
01:42
which looks a lot like ours, I wonder if there's
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์ด ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋…ธ๋ผ๋ฉด
01:44
an art design college conference going on,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:47
and intelligent beings there are thinking about, you know,
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์ง€์ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:50
what designs they might do, and there might be a few cosmologists
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๋˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ์ฃผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋ช…์ฏค ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:53
trying to understand where the universe itself came from,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:55
and there might even be some in that galaxy looking at ours
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๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„
01:57
trying to figure out what's going on over here.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
But there's a lot of other galaxies, and some are nearby,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ•˜๋“ค๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and they're kind of the color of the Sun,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:03
and some are further away and they're a little bluer, and so forth.
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋น›์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
But one of the questions is -- this should be, to you --
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:10
how come there are so many galaxies?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:12
Because this represents a very clean fraction of the sky.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
This is only 1,000 galaxies.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ฒจ์šฐ 1000๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
We think there's on the order -- visible to the Hubble Space Telescope,
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ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์€ํ•˜๋Š”
02:19
if you had the time to scan it around --
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์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:21
about 100 billion galaxies. Right?
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ฒœ์–ต๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
It's a very large number of galaxies.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž์ง€์š”.
02:25
And that's roughly how many stars there are in our own galaxy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋„ ๋Œ€์ถฉ ๊ทธ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
But when you look at some of these regions like this, you'll see
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:30
more galaxies than stars, which is kind of a conundrum.
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์–ด์งธ์„œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜ ์ชฝ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
So the question should come to your mind is, what kind of design, you know,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
what kind of creative process and what kind of design
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์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€
02:41
produced the world like that?
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
And then I'm going to show you it's actually a lot more complicated.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
We're going to try and follow it up.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:47
We have a tool that actually helps us out in this study,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
and that's the fact that the universe is so incredibly big
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋„“์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:53
that it's a time machine, in a certain sense.
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ํƒ€์ž„๋จธ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
We draw this set of nested spheres cut away so you see it.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:59
Put the Earth at the center of the nested spheres,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:01
just because that's where we're making observations.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋†“์•„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And the moon is only two seconds away, so if you take a picture of the moon
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๋‹ฌ์€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ 2์ดˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:06
using ordinary light, it's the moon two seconds ago, and who cares.
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๋‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์œผ๋ฉด 2์ดˆ์ „์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ฐํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Two seconds is like the present.
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2์ดˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:11
The Sun is eight minutes ago. That's not such a big deal, right,
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ํƒœ์–‘์€ 8๋ถ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์–ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:14
unless there's solar flares coming then you want to get out the way.
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๋„๋ง์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
You'd like to have a little advance warning.
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์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:18
But you get out to Jupiter and it's 40 minutes away. It's a problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ 40๋ถ„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:21
You hear about Mars, it's a problem communicating to Mars
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ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฐ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
because it takes light long enough to go there.
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๋น›์ด ์™•๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:26
But if you look out to the nearest set of stars,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด 40-50๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„๋“ค ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:29
to the nearest 40 or 50 stars, it's about 10 years.
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10๋…„์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So if you take a picture of what's going on, it's 10 years ago.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ 10๋…„์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:35
But you go and look to the center of the galaxy,
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์€ํ•˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:37
it's thousands of years ago.
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๋ช‡ ์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
If you look at Andromeda, which is the nearest big galaxy,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜๋Š”
03:41
and it's two million years ago.
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200๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
If you took a picture of the Earth two million years ago,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ 200๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:44
there'd be no evidence of humans at all,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:46
because we don't think there were humans yet.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
I mean, it just gives you the scale.
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์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
With the Hubble Space Telescope, we're looking at
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:52
hundreds of millions of years to a billion years.
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์ˆ˜์–ต๋…„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
But if we were capable to come up with an idea of how to look even further --
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๋” ๋จผ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:59
there's some things even further,
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- ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด
04:00
and that was what I did in a lot of my work,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -
04:02
was to develop the techniques -- we could look out back to even earlier
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ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต,
04:06
epochs before there were stars and before there were galaxies,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜
04:08
back to when the universe was hot and dense and very different.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And so that's the sort of sequence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”,
04:14
and so I have a more artistic impression of this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
There's the galaxy in the middle, which is the Milky Way,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
and around that are the Hubble -- you know, nearby kind of galaxies,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์€ํ•˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
and there's a sphere that marks the different times.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And behind that are some more modern galaxies.
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์ด ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
You see the whole big picture?
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์ „์ฒด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‚˜์š”?
04:28
The beginning of time is funny -- it's on the outside, right?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฐ–์— ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:31
And then there's a part of the universe we can't see
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋‹ค ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
because it's so dense and so hot, light can't escape.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:36
It's like you can't see to the center of the Sun;
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
you have to use other techniques to know what's going on inside the Sun.
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ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
But you can see the edge of the Sun,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต์€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
and the universe gets that way, and you can see that.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And then you see this sort of model area around the outside,
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
and that is the radiation coming from the Big Bang,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋น…๋ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
which is actually incredibly uniform.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:53
The universe is almost a perfect sphere,
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
but there are these very tiny variations
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:57
which we show here in great exaggeration.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And from them in the time sequence we're going to have to go
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
05:04
from these tiny variations to these irregular galaxies and first stars
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
05:08
to these more advanced galaxies, and eventually the solar system, and so forth.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
So it's a big design job,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด์ฃ .
05:15
but we'll see about how things are going on.
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ฃ .
05:17
So the way these measurements were done,
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๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
05:19
there's been a set of satellites, and this is where you get to see.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
So there was the COBE satellite, which was launched in 1989,
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1989๋…„์— ์˜์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ์ฝ”๋น„(COBE) ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด
05:26
and we discovered these variations.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And then in 2000, the MAP satellite was launched -- the WMAP --
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2000๋…„์—๋Š” W๋งต(WMAP) ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์˜์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์กŒ๊ณ 
05:31
and it made somewhat better pictures.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
And later this year -- this is the cool stealth version,
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋ง์—๋Š” - ์ด๊ฑด ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์œ„์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ
05:37
the one that actually has some beautiful design features to it,
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -
05:41
and you should look -- the Planck satellite will be launched,
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ํ”Œ๋žญํฌ(Planck) ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ ค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:43
and it will make very high-resolution maps.
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์ด ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
And that will be the sequence of understanding
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:48
the very beginning of the universe.
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์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And what we saw was, we saw these variations, and then they told us
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์€
05:53
the secrets, both about the structure of space-time,
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์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ
05:56
and about the contents of the universe,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
05:58
and about how the universe started in its original motions.
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๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
So we have this picture, which is quite a spectacular picture,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๊ฝค ํ™”๋ คํ•˜์ฃ .
06:04
and I'll come back to the beginning, where we're going to have
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
some mysterious process that kicks the universe off at the beginning.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ 
06:10
And we go through a period of accelerating expansion, and the universe
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์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ 
06:14
expands and cools until it gets to the point where it becomes transparent,
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
then to the Dark Ages, and then the first stars turn on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•”ํ‘์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„, ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ๋น›์„ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
and they evolve into galaxies, and then later they get to the more expansive galaxies.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ•˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And somewhere around this period is when our solar system started forming.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด
06:28
And it's maturing up to the present time.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And there's some spectacular things.
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๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
06:33
And this wastebasket part, that's to represent
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์ด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:36
what the structure of space-time itself is doing during this period.
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ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And so this is a pretty weird model, right?
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์ฃ .
06:42
What kind of evidence do we have for that?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:44
So let me show you some of nature's patterns
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„
06:47
that are the result of this.
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
I always think of space-time as being the real substance of space,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:52
and the galaxies and the stars just like the foam on the ocean.
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์€ํ•˜์™€ ๋ณ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
It's a marker of where the interesting waves are and whatever went on.
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์ด๊ฑด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํŒŒ๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
So here is the Sloan Digital Sky Survey showing the location of a million galaxies.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '์Šฌ๋กœ์•ˆ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฒœ์ฒด ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ํš'์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•œ 100๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
So there's a dot on here for every galaxy.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์ด ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
They go out and point a telescope at the sky, take a picture,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ€๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด
07:12
identify what are stars and throw them away, look at the galaxies,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์€ํ•˜์—๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:15
estimate how far away they are, and plot them up.
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๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
07:18
And just put radially they're going out that way.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
And you see these structures, this thing we call the Great Wall,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ '๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์›”(Great Wall)'์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
but there are voids and those kinds of stuff, and they kind of fade out
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
because the telescope isn't sensitive enough to do it.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ์ด์ฃ .
07:28
Now I'm going to show you this in 3D.
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์ด์ œ 3D๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ฃ .
07:31
What happens is, you take pictures
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:32
as the Earth rotates, you get a fan across the sky.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์ „์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ผด ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
There are some places you can't look because of our own galaxy,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์™€
07:37
or because there are no telescopes available to do it.
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๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So the next picture shows you the three-dimensional version of this rotating around.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 3D๋กœ ๋น™๊ธ€๋น™๊ธ€ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Do you see the fan-like scans made across the sky?
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:48
Remember, every spot on here is a galaxy, and you see the galaxies,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์ด ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
you know, sort of in our neighborhood, and you sort of see the structure.
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๋น„๊ต์  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ํ•˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•„๊นŒ ๋ดค๋˜
07:58
And you see this thing we call the Great Wall,
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๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์›” ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and you see the complicated structure, and you see these voids.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
There are places where there are no galaxies and there are places
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์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:05
where there are thousands of galaxies clumped together, right.
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๋ช‡์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ๋„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
So there's an interesting pattern,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
08:10
but we don't have enough data here to actually see the pattern.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์—” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
We only have a million galaxies, right?
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๋‹จ์ง€ 100๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:14
So we're keeping, like, a million balls in the air
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” 100๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต์„ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
but, what's going on?
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
08:18
There's another survey which is very similar to this,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:20
called the Two-degree Field of View Galaxy Redshift Survey.
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2๋„์‹œ์•ผ ์€ํ•˜ ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด ๊ด€์ธก(Two-degree Field of View Galaxy Redshift Survey)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Now we're going to fly through it at warp a million.
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์ด์ œ 100๋งŒ๊ด‘๋…„์„ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:29
And every time there's a galaxy -- at its location there's a galaxy --
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๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ด ์œ„์น˜์— ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
and if we know anything about the galaxy, which we do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ƒ‰ํŽธ์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:35
because there's a redshift measurement and everything,
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์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ƒ‰์„
08:37
you put in the type of galaxy and the color,
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๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
so this is the real representation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด€์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
And when you're in the middle of the galaxies
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์€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์„๋•Œ๋Š”
08:42
it's hard to see the pattern; it's like being in the middle of life.
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
It's hard to see the pattern in the middle of the audience,
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๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
08:46
it's hard to see the pattern of this.
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๊ทธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
So we're going to go out and swing around and look back at this.
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์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด์ฃ .
08:53
And you'll see, first, the structure of the survey,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
and then you'll start seeing the structure of the galaxies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
that we see out there.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
So again, you can see the extension of this Great Wall of galaxies showing up here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์›”์ด ์šฐ๋š ์†Ÿ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
But you can see the voids,
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๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
you can see the complicated structure, and you say,
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด์ฃ .
09:15
well, how did this happen?
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๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:17
Suppose you're the cosmic designer.
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์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹ ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
09:19
How are you going to put galaxies out there in a pattern like that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:21
It's not just throwing them out at random.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ œ๋ฉ‹๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘”๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
There's a more complicated process going on here.
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์ข€๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
How are you going to end up doing that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:27
And so now we're in for some serious play.
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๋“œ๋””์–ด ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ '๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ์ž‘์—…(Serious Play)'์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
That is, we have to seriously play God,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
not just change people's lives, but make the universe, right.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
09:35
So if that's your responsibility, how are you going to do that?
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:38
What's the kind of technique?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์“ฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:39
What's the kind of thing you're going to do?
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์–ด๋–ค์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:41
So I'm going to show you the results of a very large-scale simulation
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:45
of what we think the universe might be like, using, essentially,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
some of the play principles and some of the design principles that,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ
09:52
you know, humans have labored so hard to pick up,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
09:55
but apparently nature knew how to do at the beginning.
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๋†€์ด์™€ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And that is, you start out with very simple ingredients
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:02
and some simple rules,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
10:04
but you have to have enough ingredients to make it complicated.
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๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And then you put in some randomness,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ž„์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ
10:11
some fluctuations and some randomness,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
and realize a whole bunch of different representations.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
So what I'm going to do is show you
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒƒ์€
10:18
the distribution of matter as a function of scales.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
We're going to zoom in, but this is a plot of what it is.
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ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:23
And we had to add one more thing to make the universe come out right.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
It's called dark matter.
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์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
That is matter that doesn't interact with light
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์ €์™€ ์ด ๋ฌด๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
10:30
the typical way that ordinary matter does,
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
10:32
the way the light's shining on me or on the stage.
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๋น›๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
It's transparent to light, but in order for you to see it,
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์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋น›์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
10:37
we're going to make it white. OK?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
So the stuff that's in this picture that's white, that is the dark matter.
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์ง€๋„์—์„œ ํ•˜์–—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
It should be called invisible matter,
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
10:44
but the dark matter we've made visible.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And the stuff that is in the yellow color,
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๋…ธ๋ž€ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ˆ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
10:49
that is the ordinary kind of matter that's turned into stars and galaxies.
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๋ณ„๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
So I'll show you the next movie.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
So this -- we're going to zoom in.
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ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Notice this pattern and pay attention to this pattern.
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
11:00
We're going to zoom in and zoom in.
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์ข€ ๋” ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And you'll see there are all these filaments and structures and voids.
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
11:08
And when a number of filaments come together in a knot,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋งค๋“ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
11:11
that makes a supercluster of galaxies.
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์ดˆ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
This one we're zooming in on
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š”
11:15
is somewhere between 100,000 and a million galaxies in that small region.
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์ข์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— 10๋งŒ์—์„œ 100๋งŒ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
So we live in the boonies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ ์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:19
We don't live in the center of the solar system,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
we don't live in the center of the galaxy
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์€ํ•˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:23
and our galaxy's not in the center of the cluster.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜๋Š” ์€ํ•˜์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
So we're zooming in.
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๊ณ„์† ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
This is a region which probably has more than 100,000,
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10๋งŒ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
on the order of a million galaxies in that region.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 100๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
We're going to keep zooming in. OK.
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์ข€๋” ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
11:36
And so I forgot to tell you the scale.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:38
A parsec is 3.26 light years.
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1ํŒŒ์„น์€ 3.26๊ด‘๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
So a gigaparsec is three billion light years -- that's the scale.
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1๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์„น์€ 30์–ต๊ด‘๋…„์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
So it takes light three billion years to travel over that distance.
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๋น›์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ 30์–ต๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Now we're into a distance sort of between here and here.
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์ด ๋‘ ์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:50
That's the distance between us and Andromeda, right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
These little specks that you're seeing in here, they're galaxies.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์€ ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Now we're going to zoom back out,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„“ํ˜€๋ณด๋ฉด
12:02
and you can see this structure that,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
when we get very far out, looks very regular,
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
12:07
but it's made up of a lot of irregular variations.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์ง™๊ณ  ์˜…์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
So they're simple building blocks.
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๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
There's a very simple fluid to begin with.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์œ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
It's got dark matter, it's got ordinary matter,
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
it's got photons and it's got neutrinos,
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๊ด‘์ž์™€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:21
which don't play much role in the later part of the universe.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
And it's just a simple fluid and it, over time,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์œ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ
12:28
develops into this complicated structure.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
And so you know when you first saw this picture,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ์„๋•Œ๋Š”
12:35
it didn't mean quite so much to you.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
Here you're looking across one percent of the volume of the visible universe
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ 1% ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
and you're seeing billions of galaxies, right, and nodes,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ํ•˜, ์ฆ‰ ๋…ธ๋“œ(node)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
but you realize they're not even the main structure.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
There's a framework, which is the dark matter, the invisible matter,
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:50
that's out there that's actually holding it all together.
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
So let's fly through it, and you can see how much harder it is
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
12:57
when you're in the middle of something to figure this out.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:59
So here's that same end result.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
13:01
You see a filament,
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
13:03
you see the light is the invisible matter,
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๋ฐ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๊ณ 
13:06
and the yellow is the stars or the galaxies showing up.
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ ์€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
And we're going to fly around, and we'll fly around,
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์ญ‰ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด
13:12
and you'll see occasionally a couple of filaments intersect,
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์—ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
and you get a large cluster of galaxies.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
And then we'll fly in to where the very large cluster is,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด
13:20
and you can see what it looks like.
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์–ด๋–ค์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
And so from inside, it doesn't look very complicated, right?
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์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ?
13:26
It's only when you look at it at a very large scale,
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์ถ•์ฒ™์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ ๋ณผ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
13:29
and explore it and so forth, you realize it's a very intricate,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ž„์„
13:32
complicated kind of a design, right?
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
And it's grown up in some kind of way.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So the question is,
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
13:41
how hard would it be to assemble this, right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฑด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€
13:46
How big a contractor team would you need
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๋˜ ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:48
to put this universe together, right?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํŒ€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
That's the issue, right?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
And so here we are.
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์ž ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
13:55
You see how the filament --
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋“ค์ด
13:57
you see how several filaments are coming together,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
13:59
therefore making this supercluster of galaxies.
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์ดˆ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
And you have to understand, this is not how it would actually look
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
if you -- first, you can't travel this fast,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
everything would be distorted,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์„œ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง์ฃ .
14:09
but this is using simple rendering and graphic arts kind of stuff.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ Œ๋”๋ง๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
This is how, if you took billions of years to go around,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:18
it might look to you, right?
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๋˜ ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„
14:19
And if you could see invisible matter, too.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:22
And so the idea is, you know, how would you put together the universe
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
14:28
in a very simple way?
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ด์ฃ .
14:29
We're going to start and realize that the entire visible universe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์ „์ฒด์™€
14:34
everything we can see in every direction with the Hubble Space Telescope
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๋˜ ํ—ˆ๋ธ”์šฐ์ฃผ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
14:37
plus our other instruments,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
14:38
was once in a region that was smaller than an atom.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋•Œ ์›์ž 1๊ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
It started with tiny quantum mechanical fluctuations,
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์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์ž‘์€ ์›์ž๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
14:45
but expanding at a tremendous rate.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
And those fluctuations
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด
14:49
were stretched to astronomical sizes, and those fluctuations
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„“ํ˜€์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ 
14:52
eventually are the things we see in the cosmic microwave background.
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์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
And then we needed some way to turn those fluctuations into galaxies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์€ํ•˜์™€ ์€ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜
14:59
and clusters of galaxies and make these kinds of structures go on.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
So I'm going to show you a smaller simulation.
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์ด์ œ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
15:04
This simulation was run on 1,000 processors for a month
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ 1000๊ฐœ์˜ CPU๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ
15:08
in order to make just this simple visible one.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
So I'm going to show you one
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๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
15:11
that can be run on a desktop in two days in the next picture.
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๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
So you start out with teeny fluctuations
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์ž‘์€ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:17
when the universe was at this point,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
now four times smaller, and so forth.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” 4๋ถ„์˜ 1ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
And you start seeing these networks, this cosmic web of structure forming.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And this is a simple one, because it doesn't have the ordinary matter
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์—†๊ณ 
15:28
and it just has the dark matter in it.
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์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
And you see how the dark matter lumps up,
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์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
15:32
and the ordinary matter just trails along behind.
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋’ค์ซ“์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
So there it is.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
At the beginning it's very uniform.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
The fluctuations are a part in 100,000.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ 10๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
There are a few peaks that are a part in 10,000,
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๊ตฐ๋ฐ๊ตฐ๋ฐ 1๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ
15:43
and then over billions of years, gravity just pulls in.
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๋ช‡์‹ญ์–ต๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
This is light over density, pulls the material around in.
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๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€๊ณณ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ณ 
15:51
That pulls in more material and pulls in more material.
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
But the distances on the universe are so large
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋„“์–ด์„œ
15:56
and the time scales are so large that it takes a long time for this to form.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
And it keeps forming until the universe is roughly about half the size it is now,
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ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„์˜
16:06
in terms of its expansion.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
And at that point, the universe mysteriously starts accelerating
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์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:12
its expansion and cuts off the formation of larger-scale structure.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So we're just seeing as large a scale structure as we can see,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ 
16:18
and then only things that have started forming already
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด
16:21
are going to form, and then from then on it's going to go on.
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์ ์  ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So we're able to do the simulation, but this is two days on a desktop.
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ดํ‹€์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
We need, you know, 30 days on 1,000 processors
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€
16:33
to do the kind of simulation that I showed you before.
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1000๊ฐœ์˜ CPU๋กœ 30์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
So we have an idea of how to play seriously, creating the universe
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ
16:42
by starting with essentially less than an eyedrop full of material,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
and we create everything we can see in any direction, right,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
from almost nothing -- that is, something extremely tiny,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทนํžˆ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 10๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
16:57
extremely small -- and it is almost perfect,
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
17:02
except it has these tiny fluctuations at a part in 100,000 level,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์„
17:06
which turn out to produce the interesting patterns and designs we see,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
that is, galaxies and stars and so forth.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์€ํ•˜์™€ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
So we have a model, and we can calculate it, and we can use it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
17:17
to make designs of what we think the universe really looks like.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
And that design is sort of way beyond
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๊ทธ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
17:23
what our original imagination ever was.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
So this is what we started with 15 years ago,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 15๋…„์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์˜จ ์ž‘์—…์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
17:29
with the Cosmic Background Explorer -- made the map on the upper right,
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์ฝ”๋น„ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
which basically showed us that there were large-scale fluctuations,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:37
and actually fluctuations on several scales. You can kind of see that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
Since then we've had WMAP,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ WMAP ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
17:42
which just gives us higher angular resolution.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ๋ถ„์„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
We see the same large-scale structure,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์™ธ์—
17:45
but we see additional small-scale structure.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
And on the bottom right is if the satellite had flipped upside down
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€, ํ˜น์‹œ ์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:52
and mapped the Earth, what kind of a map we would have got of the Earth.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
You can see, well, you can, kind of pick out
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์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋“ค์„
17:57
all the major continents, but that's about it.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
But what we're hoping when we get to Planck, we'll have resolution
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” Planck ์œ„์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
18:02
about equivalent to the resolution you see of the Earth there,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด
18:06
where you can really see the complicated pattern that exists on the Earth.
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๋†’์€ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
And you can also tell, because of the sharp edges
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๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ๊ณผ
18:13
and the way things fit together, there are some non-linear processes.
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๋น„์„ ํ˜•์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
Geology has these effects,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€์งˆํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
18:19
which is moving the plates around and so forth.
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๋น„์„ ํ˜•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
18:22
You can see that just from the map alone.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋„๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
We want to get to the point in our maps of the early universe
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง€๋„์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
we can see whether there are any non-linear effects
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋Š”
18:29
that are starting to move, to modify, and are giving us a hint about how
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€
18:34
space-time itself was actually created at the beginning moments.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํžŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
So that's where we are today,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€
18:38
and that's what I wanted to give you a flavor of.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
Give you a different view about what the design
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
18:43
and what everything else looks like.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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