Stephen Friend: The hunt for "unexpected genetic heroes"

62,564 views ใƒป 2014-05-29

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Wooran Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
Approximately 30 years ago,
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๋Œ€๋žต 30๋…„์ „
00:14
when I was in oncology at the Children's Hospital
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š”
00:17
in Philadelphia,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ข…์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•  ๋•Œ
00:19
a father and a son walked into my office
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ํ•œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
00:22
and they both had their right eye missing,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:25
and as I took the history, it became apparent
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:28
that the father and the son had a rare form
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€์ž๋Š” ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜
00:30
of inherited eye tumor, retinoblastoma,
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์œ ์ „์  ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์ข…์–‘์ธ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ข…์„ ์•“์•˜์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
and the father knew that he had passed that fate
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๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์šด๋ช…์„
00:37
on to his son.
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์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค€๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
That moment changed my life.
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:41
It propelled me to go on
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ •์ง„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:43
and to co-lead a team that discovered
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์„ ๊ณต๋™ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:47
the first cancer susceptibility gene,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•” ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
and in the intervening decades since then,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์‹ญ์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ
00:53
there has been literally a seismic shift
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๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
00:56
in our understanding of what goes on,
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด์™€
00:58
what genetic variations are sitting behind
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”
01:01
various diseases.
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€์ฃ .
01:03
In fact, for thousands of human traits,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ„์ž๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„,
01:06
a molecular basis that's known for that,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ
01:08
and for thousands of people, every day,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:11
there's information that they gain
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜
01:14
about the risk of going on to get this disease
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:16
or that disease.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
At the same time, if you ask,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:21
"Has that impacted the efficiency,
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"๊ทธ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—
01:23
how we've been able to develop drugs?"
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ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
01:25
the answer is not really.
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๋”ฑํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
If you look at the cost of developing drugs,
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์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ
01:29
how that's done, it basically hasn't budged that.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:33
And so it's as if we have the power to diagnose
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๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:37
yet not the power to fully treat.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:40
And there are two commonly given reasons
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€' ์—๋Š”
01:43
for why that happens.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:44
One of them is it's early days.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
01:48
We're just learning the words, the fragments,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
01:51
the letters in the genetic code.
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์œ ์ „์ž ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
We don't know how to read the sentences.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:55
We don't know how to follow the narrative.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
01:58
The other reason given is that
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:00
most of those changes are a loss of function,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์ „์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒ์‹ค์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:02
and it's actually really hard to develop drugs
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์„
02:05
that restore function.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But today, I want us to step back
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
02:09
and ask a more fundamental question,
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์ข€๋” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
and ask, "What happens if we're thinking
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:14
about this maybe in the wrong context?"
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"
02:16
We do a lot of studying of those who are sick
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ณ 
02:19
and building up long lists
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๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์Œ“์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
02:22
of altered components.
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๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
But maybe, if what we're trying to do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:28
is to develop therapies for prevention,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:31
maybe what we should be doing
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
02:32
is studying those who don't get sick.
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๋ณ‘์— ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
02:35
Maybe we should be studying those
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์€
02:37
that are well.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
02:39
A vast majority of those people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:41
are not necessarily carrying a particular
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์œ ์ „์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ
02:43
genetic load or risk factor.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
They're not going to help us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:47
There are going to be those individuals
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๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:49
who are carrying a potential future risk,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ž ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:52
they're going to go on to get some symptom.
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๊ณง ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
That's not what we're looking for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:55
What we're asking and looking for is,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:57
are there a very few set of individuals
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์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ
03:00
who are actually walking around
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํžˆ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:03
with the risk that normally would cause a disease,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜
03:07
but something in them, something hidden in them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์•ˆ์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
03:10
is actually protective
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
03:11
and keeping them from exhibiting those symptoms?
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
If you're going to do a study like that, you can imagine
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:17
you'd like to look at lots and lots of people.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:20
We'd have to go and have a pretty wide study,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:23
and we realized that actually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€
03:25
one way to think of this is,
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์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
03:26
let us look at adults who are over 40 years of age,
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40์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
and let's make sure that we look at those
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ด๋ฆด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋˜
03:33
who were healthy as kids.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:35
They might have had individuals in their families
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ค‘
03:37
who had had a childhood disease,
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์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:39
but not necessarily.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And let's go and then screen those
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ
03:43
to find those who are carrying genes
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์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
03:45
for childhood diseases.
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๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now, some of you, I can see you
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์†์„ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
03:49
putting your hands up going, "Uh, a little odd.
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"์–ด? ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•œ๋ฐ?"
03:52
What's your evidence
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•œ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?"
03:53
that this could be feasible?"
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:55
I want to give you two examples.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
The first comes from San Francisco.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
It comes from the 1980s and the 1990s,
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1980๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
04:03
and you may know the story where
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
04:05
there were individuals who had very high levels
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜
04:08
of the virus HIV.
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HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
They went on to get AIDS.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ฃ .
04:11
But there was a very small set of individuals
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:14
who also had very high levels of HIV.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
04:17
They didn't get AIDS.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:18
And astute clinicians tracked that down,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์น˜๋น ๋ฅธ ์ž„์ƒ ์˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
04:21
and what they found was they were carrying mutations.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Notice, they were carrying mutations from birth
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:28
that were protective, that were protecting them
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ท ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ
04:30
from going on to get AIDS.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
You may also know that actually a line of therapy
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด
04:34
has been coming along based on that fact.
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๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:37
Second example, more recent, is elegant work
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ข€๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ
04:41
done by Helen Hobbs,
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ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ํ™‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
who said, "I'm going to look at individuals
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€
04:45
who have very high lipid levels,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ
04:47
and I'm going to try to find those people
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๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์—๋„
04:49
with high lipid levels
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
04:51
who don't go on to get heart disease."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:53
And again, what she found was
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:56
some of those individuals had mutations
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡์ด ์œ ์ „์ž ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:58
that were protective from birth that kept them,
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:01
even though they had high lipid levels,
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๋†’์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์น˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
05:03
and you can see this is an interesting way
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
of thinking about how you could develop
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„
05:08
preventive therapies.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
05:10
The project that we're working on
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š”
05:12
is called "The Resilience Project:
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"ํšŒ๋ณต ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ:
05:15
A Search for Unexpected Heroes,"
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜ ์˜์›…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
because what we are interested in doing is saying,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:18
can we find those rare individuals
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ
05:21
who might have these hidden protective factors?
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ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ'์ฃ .
05:25
And in some ways, think of it as a decoder ring,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'ํ•ด๋… ๋ฐ˜์ง€' ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋˜์š”.
05:28
a sort of resilience decoder ring
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ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๋… ๋ฐ˜์ง€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:30
that we're going to try to build.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
We've realized that we should do this in a systematic way,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
so we've said, let's take every single
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ 
05:38
childhood inherited disease.
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์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ ์œ ์ „์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:40
Let's take them all, and let's pull them back a little bit
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ค‘์—์„œ
05:42
by those that are known to have severe symptoms,
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:45
where the parents, the child,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:47
those around them would know
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๊ทธ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํŒ ๋˜ ๊ฑธ
05:48
that they'd gotten sick,
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„์š”.
05:50
and let's go ahead and then frame them again
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
by those parts of the genes where we know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ค‘
05:56
that there is a particular alteration
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๋ณ€์งˆ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ
05:58
that is known to be highly penetrant
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š”
06:01
to cause that disease.
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์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Where are we going to look?
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:05
Well, we could look locally. That makes sense.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:08
But we began to think, maybe we should look
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง
06:10
all over the world.
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'์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฐพ์ž' ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Maybe we should look not just here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:13
but in remote places where their might be
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—
06:15
a distinct genetic context,
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๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:18
there might be environmental factors
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๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€
06:20
that protect people.
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๊ทธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:21
And let's look at a million individuals.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 100๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Now the reason why we think it's a good time
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:28
to do that now
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์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
is, in the last couple of years,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
06:31
there's been a remarkable plummeting in the cost
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๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:34
to do this type of analysis,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜
06:36
this type of data generation,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:38
to where it actually costs less to do
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์ด
06:40
the data generation and analysis
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
than it does to do the sample processing and the collection.
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ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž‘์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:46
The other reason is that in the last five years,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๋™์•ˆ
06:50
there have been awesome tools,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:52
things about network biology, systems biology,
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์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
06:55
that have come up that allow us to think
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ
06:57
that maybe we could decipher
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„
06:59
those positive outliers.
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ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:01
And as we went around talking to researchers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
and institutions
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:05
and telling them about our story,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์คฌ์–ด์š”.
07:07
something happened.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”.
07:08
They started saying, "This is interesting.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์ด๊ฑฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋„ค์š”.
07:11
I would be glad to join your effort.
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๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
07:14
I would be willing to participate."
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
And they didn't say, "Where's the MTA?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” "MTA๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ฃ ?"
07:19
They didn't say, "Where is my authorship?"
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๋˜๋Š” "์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?"
07:22
They didn't say, "Is this data going to be mine? Am I going to own it?"
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"์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
They basically said, "Let's work on this
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
07:29
in an open, crowd-sourced, team way
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์˜คํ”ˆ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ
07:32
to do this decoding."
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด๋…์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:35
Six months ago, we locked down
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ „ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:37
the screening key for this decoder.
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์ด ํ•ด๋…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ™•์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
My co-lead, a brilliant scientist, Eric Schadt
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
07:45
at the Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York,
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๋‰ด์š• ์•„์ด์นธ ์˜๋Œ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ
07:48
and his team,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์—๋ฆญ ์ƒท๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŒ€์€
07:50
locked in that decoder key ring,
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ํ•ด๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:53
and we began looking for samples,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
because what we realized is,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
07:57
maybe we could just go and look
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์•„๋งˆ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:58
at some existing samples to get some sense of feasibility.
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์‹คํ˜„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:01
Maybe we could take two, three percent of the project on,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ 2, 3%๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ
08:04
and see if it was there.
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:05
And so we started asking people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:07
such as Hakon at the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia.
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ณ‘์›์— ํ•˜์ฝ˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:11
We asked Leif up in Finland.
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ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์— ๋ ˆ์ดํ”„ ๊ต์ˆ˜,
08:13
We talked to Anne Wojcicki at 23andMe,
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23andMe์˜ ์•ค ์šฐ์ง“ํ‚ค์™€
08:17
and Wang Jun at BGI,
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BGI์˜ ์™•์ค€๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:19
and again, something remarkable happened.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
08:21
They said, "Huh,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:23
not only do we have samples,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ณด์œ  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:24
but often we've analyzed them,
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์ข…์ข… ๋ถ„์„๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
and we would be glad to go into
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด
08:28
our anonymized samples
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์ต๋ช…ํ™”๋œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ,
08:29
and see if we could find those
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€
08:32
that you're looking for."
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ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ ."
08:33
And instead of being 20,000 or 30,000,
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2๋งŒ, 3๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋„˜์–ด
08:35
last month we passed one half million samples
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์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:39
that we've already analyzed.
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50๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So you must be going,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:42
"Huh, did you find any unexpected heroes?"
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"์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์˜์›…์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
08:48
And the answer is, we didn't find one or two.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฑด ํ•œ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
08:50
We found dozens of these strong candidate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ
08:53
unexpected heroes.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์˜์›… ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:55
So we think that the time is now
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜
08:58
to launch the beta phase of this project
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๋ฒ ํƒ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
and actually start getting prospective individuals.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Basically all we need is information.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ •๋ณด๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
We need a swab of DNA
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DNA๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์€ ๋ฉด๋ด‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:08
and a willingness to say, "What's inside me?
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"๋‚ด์•ˆ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
09:11
I'm willing to be re-contacted."
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:15
Most of us spend our lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
09:18
when it comes to health and disease,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”
09:20
acting as if we're voyeurs.
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๋ฐฉ๊ด€์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
We delegate the responsibility
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:26
for the understanding of our disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ดํ•ด์™€
09:28
for the treatment of our disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„
09:30
to anointed experts.
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ž„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
In order for us to get this project to work,
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
09:37
we need individuals to step up
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์›ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:39
in a different role and to be engaged,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
to realize this dream,
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์ด ๊ฟˆ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด,
09:45
this open crowd-sourced project,
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์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
09:49
to find those unexpected heroes,
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'์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜ ์˜์›…๋“ค'์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
09:52
to evolve from the current concepts
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ œ์•ฝ์˜
09:55
of resources and constraints,
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๊ฐœ๋…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
09:57
to design those preventive therapies,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
10:01
and to extend it beyond childhood diseases,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋„˜์–ด
10:03
to go all the way up to ways
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
10:05
that we could look at Alzheimer's or Parkinson's,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
10:09
we're going to need us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉฐ
10:11
to be looking inside ourselves and asking,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
10:14
"What are our roles?
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
10:16
What are our genes?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?"
10:18
and looking within ourselves for information
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
we used to say we should go to the outside,
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์ „์—๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
10:23
to experts,
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์˜์กดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ์š”.
10:25
and to be willing to share that with others.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ ค๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:29
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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