How the blockchain will radically transform the economy | Bettina Warburg

2,389,638 views ใƒป 2016-12-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KwangYu Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Economists have been exploring people's behavior for hundreds of years:
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
how we make decisions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€
00:20
how we act individually and in groups,
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๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
00:23
how we exchange value.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„์š”.
00:26
They've studied the institutions that facilitate our trade,
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๊ตํ™˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
like legal systems,
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๋ฒ•์ฒด์ œ
00:31
corporations,
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๊ธฐ์—…
00:33
marketplaces.
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์‹œ์žฅ
00:35
But there is a new, technological institution
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
00:39
that will fundamentally change how we exchange value,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ˜„์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:43
and it's called the blockchain.
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Now, that's a pretty bold statement,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
but if you take nothing else away from this talk,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„
00:51
I actually want you to remember
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
00:53
that while blockchain technology is relatively new,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋์ง€๋งŒ
00:57
it's also a continuation of a very human story,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
01:02
and the story is this.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
As humans, we find ways
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€
01:06
to lower uncertainty about one another
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์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ
01:08
so that we can exchange value.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Now, one of the first people to really explore the idea
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š”
01:16
of institutions as a tool in economics
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
01:19
to lower our uncertainties about one another
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01:22
and be able to do trade
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01:24
was the Nobel economist Douglass North.
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋”ํด๋ผ์Šค ๋…ธ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
He passed away at the end of 2015,
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2015๋…„์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
01:29
but North pioneered what's called "new institutional economics."
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ "์‹  ์ œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™"์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
And what he meant by institutions were really just formal rules
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๋„๋ž€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š”
01:39
like a constitution,
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ํ—Œ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ
01:41
and informal constraints, like bribery.
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
These institutions are really the grease
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
01:48
that allow our economic wheels to function,
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์œคํ™œ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:51
and we can see this play out over the course of human history.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
If we think back to when we were hunter-gatherer economies,
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์ˆ˜๋ ต ๋ฐ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:58
we really just traded within our village structure.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
02:01
We had some informal constraints in place,
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๋น„๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:04
but we enforced all of our trade with violence
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
or social repercussions.
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02:09
As our societies grew more complex
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
02:12
and our trade routes grew more distant,
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€์ž
02:15
we built up more formal institutions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„
02:18
institutions like banks for currency,
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์ฆ‰, ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋„์™€
02:21
governments, corporations.
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์ •๋ถ€, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
These institutions helped us manage our trade
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
02:27
as the uncertainty and the complexity grew,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜์ž
02:30
and our personal control was much lower.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Eventually with the internet, we put these same institutions online.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
We built platform marketplaces like Amazon, eBay, Alibaba,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์กด, ์ด๋ฒ ์ด, ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋ฐ” ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
just faster institutions that act as middlemen
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:46
to facilitate human economic activity.
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์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:51
As Douglass North saw it,
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๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ๋…ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
02:54
institutions are a tool to lower uncertainty
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์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ์„œ
02:57
so that we can connect and exchange all kinds of value in society.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And I believe we are now entering
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์ „ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:05
a further and radical evolution
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:08
of how we interact and trade,
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์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:10
because for the first time, we can lower uncertainty
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
not just with political and economic institutions,
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์€ํ–‰, ๊ธฐ์—…, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ œ๋„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:17
like our banks, our corporations, our governments,
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03:21
but we can do it with technology alone.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
So what is the blockchain?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
Blockchain technology is a decentralized database
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋กœ
03:32
that stores a registry of assets and transactions
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์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ ˆ์ง€์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
03:35
across a peer-to-peer network.
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ํ”ผ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
It's basically a public registry
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:40
of who owns what and who transacts what.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด์ฃ .
03:43
The transactions are secured through cryptography,
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:46
and over time, that transaction history gets locked in blocks of data
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์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ธ”๋ก์— ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฉด ์•”ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:52
that are then cryptographically linked together and secured.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
This creates an immutable, unforgeable record
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š”
04:01
of all of the transactions across this network.
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์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ์žŠํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
This record is replicated on every computer that uses the network.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋ณต์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
It's not an app.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
It's not a company.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
I think it's closest in description to something like Wikipedia.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:19
We can see everything on Wikipedia.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:21
It's a composite view that's constantly changing and being updated.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์ฃ .
04:27
We can also track those changes over time on Wikipedia,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์— ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
and we can create our own wikis,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์œ„ํ‚ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:33
because at their core, they're just a data infrastructure.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
On Wikipedia, it's an open platform that stores words and images
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ
๋‹จ์–ด, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
and the changes to that data over time.
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04:47
On the blockchain,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:49
you can think of it as an open infrastructure
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ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:51
that stores many kinds of assets.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
It stores the history of custodianship,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์†Œ์œ ์ž์™€ ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:58
ownership and location
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05:00
for assets like the digital currency Bitcoin,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ™”ํ์ธ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜
05:04
other digital assets
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IP์†Œ์œ ์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค ์ด๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
05:06
like a title of ownership of IP.
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05:10
It could be a certificate, a contract,
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์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ
05:13
real world objects,
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์‹ค์ œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ณผ
05:14
even personal identifiable information.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์‹ ์› ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:19
There are of course other technical details to the blockchain,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:22
but at its core, that's how it works.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
05:25
It's this public registry that stores transactions in a network
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์— ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:29
and is replicated so that it's very secure and hard to tamper with.
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๋งค์šฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต ์ „์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
Which brings me to my point
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
of how blockchains lower uncertainty
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ
05:40
and how they therefore promise to transform our economic systems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
in radical ways.
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05:47
So uncertainty is kind of a big term
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์—์„œ ์ œ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:50
in economics,
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05:51
but I want to go through three forms of it
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:53
that we face in almost all of our everyday transactions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—
05:57
where blockchains can play a role.
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๊ด€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
We face uncertainties like not knowing who we're dealing with,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
06:02
not having visibility into a transaction
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
06:05
and not having recourse if things go wrong.
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
So let's take the first example, not knowing who we're dealing with.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:13
Say I want to buy a used smartphone on eBay.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฒ ์ด์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ณ  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
06:17
The first thing I'm going to do is look up who I'm buying from.
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์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ํŒ๋งค์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด์•ผ์ฃ .
06:21
Are they a power user?
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์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:23
Do they have great reviews and ratings, or do they have no profile at all?
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์ข‹์€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœํ•„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:28
Reviews, ratings, checkmarks:
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํ™•์ธํ‘œ์‹œ
06:31
these are the attestations about our identities
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:35
that we cobble together today
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ถฉ ๊ฟฐ๋งž์ถฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
06:37
and use to lower uncertainty about who we're dealing with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
But the problem is they're very fragmented.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Think about how many profiles you have.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:48
Blockchains allow for us to create an open, global platform
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
06:54
on which to store any attestation about any individual
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ๊ตญ์ œ์  ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:58
from any source.
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07:00
This allows us to create a user-controlled
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
portable identity.
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07:07
More than a profile,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:09
it means you can selectively reveal
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„
07:13
the different attributes about you
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์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„
07:15
that help facilitate trade or interaction,
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์„ ๋ณ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
for instance that a government issued you an ID,
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์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 21์‚ด์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์€ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์˜
07:21
or that you're over 21,
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07:23
by revealing the cryptographic proof
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์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด
07:26
that these details exist and are signed off on.
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์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
07:30
Having this kind of portable identity
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์‹ ๋ถ„์„
07:33
around the physical world and the digital world
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ „์ž ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ
07:36
means we can do all kinds of human trade
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
in a totally new way.
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07:42
So I've talked about how blockchains could lower uncertainty
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
in who we're dealing with.
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07:47
The second uncertainty that we often face
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€
07:49
is just not having transparency into our interactions.
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Say you're going to send me that smartphone by mail.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
07:56
I want some degree of transparency.
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์ „ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•ด์š”.
07:58
I want to know that the product I bought is the same one that arrives in the mail
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
08:02
and that there's some record for how it got to me.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:04
This is true not just for electronics like smartphones,
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์ด๊ฑด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:07
but for many kinds of goods and data,
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์†์ž„์ˆ˜์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ๊ณผ
08:10
things like medicine, luxury goods,
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์‚ฌ์น˜ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด
08:14
any kind of data or product that we don't want tampered with.
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๊ฐ์ข… ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ’ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
08:18
The problem in many companies,
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๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ๊ฐ™์ด
08:21
especially those that produce something complicated like a smartphone,
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์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์‡„์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ณผ์ •์„
08:24
is they're managing all of these different vendors
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒ๋งค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
across a horizontal supply chain.
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08:30
All of these people that go into making a product,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:32
they don't have the same database.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
They don't use the same infrastructure,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:36
and so it becomes really hard to see transparently a product evolve over time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์š”.
08:43
Using the blockchain, we can create
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
08:45
a shared reality across nontrusting entities.
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
By this I mean
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด
08:51
all of these nodes in the network do not need to know each other
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ ‘์†์ ์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ
08:55
or trust each other,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด
08:56
because they each have the ability
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๊ณผ์ •์„
08:58
to monitor and validate the chain for themselves.
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Think back to Wikipedia.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:04
It's a shared database,
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ณ 
09:07
and even though it has multiple readers
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…์ž์™€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:09
and multiple writers at the same time,
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09:11
it has one single truth.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง„์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
So we can create that using blockchains.
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:16
We can create a decentralized database that has the same efficiency of a monopoly
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๋…์ ์ ์ธ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋…”์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€
09:22
without actually creating that central authority.
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
So all of these vendors, all sorts of companies,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒ๋งค์ž์™€ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋„
09:28
can interact using the same database without trusting one another.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:34
It means for consumers, we can have a lot more transparency.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
As a real-world object travels along,
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์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์œ ํ†ตํ•  ๋•Œ
09:39
we can see its digital certificate or token move on the blockchain,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ „์ž ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ์™€ ํ† ํฐ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
adding value as it goes.
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09:48
This is a whole new world in terms of our visibility.
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๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃ .
09:53
So I've talked about how blockchains can lower our uncertainties about identity
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ๋ณผ๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„
09:59
and how they change what we mean about transparency
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์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ„๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์—ฐ์‡„์  ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ™์€
10:02
in long distances and complex trades, like in a supply chain.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
The last uncertainty that we often face
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€
10:09
is one of the most open-ended, and it's reneging.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ, ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ €๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:12
What if you don't send me the smartphone?
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ฃ ?
10:15
Can I get my money back?
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ํ™˜๋ถˆ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:17
Blockchains allow us to write code,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„์—
10:21
binding contracts,
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๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
10:23
between individuals
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10:24
and then guarantee that those contracts will bear out
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ž…์ฆ์„ ์ œ3์ž ์ง‘ํ–‰์ž ์—†์ด ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
without a third party enforcer.
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10:31
So if we look at the smartphone example, you could think about escrow.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์—์Šคํฌ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:35
You are financing that phone,
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:37
but you don't need to release the funds
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
10:40
until you can verify that all the conditions have been met.
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ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
You got the phone.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:46
I think this is one of the most exciting ways
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š”
10:48
that blockchains lower our uncertainties,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
10:51
because it means to some degree
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ
10:53
we can collapse institutions and their enforcement.
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๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ•์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
It means a lot of human economic activity
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ด
11:02
can get collateralized and automated,
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๋‹ด๋ณด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ฆ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž๋™ํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:07
and push a lot of human intervention to the edges,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:10
the places where information moves from the real world to the blockchain.
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์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์š”.
11:16
I think what would probably floor Douglass North
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
11:19
about this use of technology
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๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ๋…ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:21
is the fact that the very thing that makes it work,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
11:24
the very thing that keeps the blockchain secure and verified,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ
11:29
is our mutual distrust.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
So rather than all of our uncertainties
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด
11:36
slowing us down
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11:38
and requiring institutions
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์€ํ–‰, ์ •๋ถ€, ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:40
like banks, our governments, our corporations,
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11:45
we can actually harness all of that collective uncertainty
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์ง‘๋‹จ์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:49
and use it to collaborate and exchange more and faster and more open.
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด, ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๋” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:56
Now, I don't want you to get the impression
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด
11:58
that the blockchain is the solution to everything,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
even though the media has said that it's going to end world poverty,
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:07
it's also going to solve the counterfeit drug problem
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋ณต์ œ์•ฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:10
and potentially save the rainforest.
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์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:14
The truth is, this technology is in its infancy,
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ
12:18
and we're going to need to see a lot of experiments take place
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
12:21
and probably fail
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12:23
before we truly understand all of the use cases
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๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
for our economy.
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12:29
But there are tons of people working on this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…
12:31
from financial institutions
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
12:33
to technology companies, start-ups and universities.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
And one of the reasons is that it's not just an economic evolution.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
It's also an innovation in computer science.
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜์‹ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:49
Blockchains give us the technological capability
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„
12:52
of creating a record of human exchange,
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์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ™”ํ ๊ตํ™˜
12:56
of exchange of currency,
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „์ž ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ
12:58
of all kinds of digital and physical assets,
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์œ ํ˜• ์ž์‚ฐ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”
13:02
even of our own personal attributes,
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๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
in a totally new way.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
13:07
So in some ways,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ
13:09
they become a technological institution
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
13:12
that has a lot of the benefits
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜
13:13
of the traditional institutions we're used to using in society,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:18
but it does this in a decentralized way.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
It does this by converting a lot of our uncertainties
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
into certainties.
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13:28
So I think we need to start preparing ourselves,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:31
because we are about to face a world
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์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด
13:34
where distributed, autonomous institutions
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
13:37
have quite a significant role.
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๊ณง ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:50
Bruno Giussani: Thank you, Bettina.
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๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ ์ง€์šฐ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”, ๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜.
13:52
I think I understood that it's coming,
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๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:56
it offers a lot of potential,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:58
and it's complex.
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
14:00
What is your estimate for the rate of adoption?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
14:07
Bettina Warburg: I think that's a really good question.
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๋ฒ ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ์›Œ๋ฒ„๊ทธ: ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
My lab is pretty much focused
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
14:11
on going the enterprise and government route first,
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๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
14:14
because in reality, blockchain is a complex technology.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:18
How many of you actually understand how the internet works?
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
14:21
But you use it every day,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
14:22
so I think we're sort of facing the same John Sculley idea
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฐ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด ์Šค์ปฌ๋ฆฌ์˜
14:26
of technology should either be invisible or beautiful,
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์ƒ๊ฐ(๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜)์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:30
and blockchain is kind of neither of those things right now,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:34
so it's better suited for either really early adopters
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:38
who kind of get it and can tinker around
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์ •๋ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋งž๊ณ ,
14:40
or for finding those best use cases
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:43
like identity or asset tracking or smart contracts
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์‹ ๋ณ€๊ณผ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ถ”์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ™์€
14:46
that can be used at that level of an enterprise or government.
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
BG: Thank you. Thanks for coming to TED.
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BG: ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TED์— ์™€์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
14:52
BW: Thanks.
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BW: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
(Applause)
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(๊ฐˆ์ฑ„)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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