A healthy economy should be designed to thrive, not grow | Kate Raworth

656,133 views ・ 2018-06-04

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sojeong KIM κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Have you ever watched a baby learning to crawl?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ•„κΈ°κ°€ κΈ°λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ³Έ 적 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
00:16
Because as any parent knows, it's gripping.
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λΆ€λͺ¨λΌλ©΄ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ λˆˆμ„ λ—„ 수 μ—†λŠ” 광경이죠.
00:19
First, they wriggle about on the floor,
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μ•„κΈ°λŠ” λ°”λ‹₯μ—μ„œ κΏˆν‹€λŒ€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
usually backwards,
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등을 λ§žλŒ€κ³  움직이닀가
00:22
but then they drag themselves forwards,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λͺΈμ„ λŒμ–΄λ‹ΉκΈ΄ ν›„
00:24
and then they pull themselves up to stand,
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λͺΈμ„ 일으켜 μ„Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
and we all clap.
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그러면 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ°•μˆ˜λ₯Ό μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
And that simple motion of forwards and upwards,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λͺΈμ„ 당겨 μœ„λ‘œ μΌμ–΄μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ™μž‘μ΄
00:33
it's the most basic direction of progress we humans recognize.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 기초적인 λ°œλ‹¬ λ°©ν–₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
We tell it in our story of evolution as well,
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 진화도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
00:40
from our lolloping ancestors to Homo erectus, finally upright,
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4μ‘± 보행 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό 거쳐 직립보행 인λ₯˜μΈ 호λͺ¨ μ—λ ‰νˆ¬μŠ€
00:44
to Homo sapiens, depicted, always a man,
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜λŠ” 늘 κ±·λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ˜ 호λͺ¨ μ‚¬ν”Όμ—”μŠ€κΉŒμ§€μš”.
00:48
always mid-stride.
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00:51
So no wonder we so readily believe
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œμΌκΉŒμš”? μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ²Œλ„
00:54
that economic progress will take this very same shape,
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κ²½μ œλ°œμ „λ„ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 띠어야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
this ever-rising line of growth.
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상ν–₯ μ„±μž₯ 곑선을 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
It's time to think again,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 생각해볼 μ‹œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
to reimagine the shape of progress,
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μ„±μž₯의 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ κ·Έλ €λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:08
because today, we have economies
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κ²½μ œκ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
01:11
that need to grow, whether or not they make us thrive,
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λ²ˆμ˜κ³ΌλŠ” λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
and what we need, especially in the richest countries,
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μ •μž‘ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은, 특히 λΆ€μœ ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 경우
01:20
are economies that make us thrive
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ²ˆμ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
whether or not they grow.
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μ„±μž₯κ³ΌλŠ” λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜κ²Œμš”.
01:24
Yes, it's a little flippant word
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λ„€, 말μž₯λ‚œ κ°™μ§€λ§Œ
01:27
hiding a profound shift in mindset,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:30
but I believe this is the shift we need to make
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λ™μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ²ˆμ˜ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
01:33
if we, humanity, are going to thrive here together this century.
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 달성해야 ν•  λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
So where did this obsession with growth come from?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 집착은 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”μ„κΉŒμš”?
01:41
Well, GDP, gross domestic product,
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GDP, λ˜λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ 총생산은,
01:43
it's just the total cost of goods and services
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일 λ…„κ°„ νŒλ§€ν•œ μž¬ν™”μ™€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν•©μ‚°ν•œ 값일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
sold in an economy in a year.
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01:48
It was invented in the 1930s,
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1930λ…„λŒ€μ— 처음 λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:50
but it very soon became the overriding goal of policymaking,
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곧 μ •μ±…μž…μ•ˆμ˜ μ΅œμš°μ„  과제둜 λΆ€μƒν•˜μ£ .
01:54
so much so that even today, in the richest of countries,
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심지어 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ 세계 κ°•κ΅­μ˜ μ •λΆ€ 쑰차도
01:57
governments think that the solution to their economic problems
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κ²½μ œλ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄κ²°μ±…μœΌλ‘œ
02:00
lies in more growth.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ„±μž₯을 λ‚΄μ„Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Just how that happened
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무슨 계기가 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:05
is best told through the 1960 classic by W.W. Rostow.
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1960λ…„ μ›”ν„° λ‘œμŠ€ν† μš°κ°€ μ €μˆ ν•œ κ²½μ œμ„œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
02:10
I love it so much, I have a first-edition copy.
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이 책을 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μ„œ μ΄ˆνŒλ³Έμ„ μ†Œμž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:16
"The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto."
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"경제 μ„±μž₯의 단계: 비곡산당 μ„±λͺ…"
02:21
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:23
You can just smell the politics, huh?
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μ •μΉ˜μ  μ„±ν–₯이 λ‹€λΆ„ν•˜μ£ ?
02:25
And Rostow tells us that all economies
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λ‘œμŠ€ν† μš°λŠ” κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯을
02:28
need to pass through five stages of growth:
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λ‹€μ„― λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
first, traditional society, where a nation's output is limited
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첫째, 전톡적인 μ‚¬νšŒλ‘œ
κ΅­κ°€ 생산은 기술, μ œλ„, μ‚¬κ³ λ°©μ‹μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ‘œ μ œν•œλ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
by its technology, its institutions and mindset;
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02:37
but then the preconditions for takeoff,
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곧 선행쑰건 μΆ©μ‘±λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ λŒμž…ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
02:39
where we get the beginnings of a banking industry,
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μ΄λ•Œ κΈˆμœ΅μ—…κ³„κ°€ μΆœν˜„ν•˜κ³ 
업무 기계화가 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
the mechanization of work
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02:43
and the belief that growth is necessary for something beyond itself,
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κ΅­μœ„λ₯Ό μ„ μ–‘ν•˜κ³  μžλ…€μ—κ²Œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 삢을 μ„ μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ“±
02:47
like national dignity or a better life for the children;
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더 높이 λ„μ•½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„±μž₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 믿음이 μ‹Ήν‹‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
then takeoff, where compound interest is built into the economy's institutions
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λ‹€μŒμ€ 도약 λ‹¨κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ²½μ œμ œλ„μ— 볡리가 ν¬ν•¨λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:57
and growth becomes the normal condition;
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μ„±μž₯은 정상 쑰건이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
fourth is the drive to maturity where you can have any industry you want,
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λ„·μ§Έ, μ„±μˆ™λ‹¨κ³„μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ²œμ—°μžμ›μ„ 보유 여뢀와 관계없이
03:03
no matter your natural resource base;
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 산업을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
and the fifth and final stage, the age of high-mass consumption
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 5λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 고도 λŒ€μ€‘ μ†ŒλΉ„κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
where people can buy all the consumer goods they want,
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” μƒν’ˆμ€ 무엇이든 ꡬ맀할 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
like bicycles and sewing machines --
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μžμ „κ±°λ‚˜ μž¬λ΄‰ν‹€ λ“±μ„μš”.
03:14
this was 1960, remember.
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1960λ…„λŒ€λΌλŠ” 점을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
03:17
Well, you can hear the implicit airplane metaphor in this story,
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ‘œ λΉ„μœ ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
but this plane is like no other,
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이 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ™€λŠ” 맀우 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
because it can never be allowed to land.
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μ°©λ₯™ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°μ§€μš”.
03:30
Rostow left us flying into the sunset of mass consumerism,
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λ‘œμŠ€ν† μš°λŠ” λŒ€λŸ‰ μ†ŒλΉ„λΌλŠ” 일λͺ° 속을 λΉ„ν–‰ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
and he knew it.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
As he wrote,
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μΌμ—ˆμ£ .
03:39
"And then the question beyond,
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"κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”.
03:43
where history offers us only fragments.
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έμ € μΌλΆ€λ§Œμ„ μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
What to do when the increase in real income itself loses its charm?"
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ†Œλ“ 증가 자체의 맀λ ₯이 μ‚¬λΌμ§€λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°κ°€ 였면
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?"
03:54
He asked that question, but he never answered it, and here's why.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ˜μ‘ŒμœΌλ‚˜ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
The year was 1960,
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λ•ŒλŠ” 1960λ…„μœΌλ‘œ
03:59
he was an advisor to the presidential candidate John F. Kennedy,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ‘΄ F. μΌ€λ„€λ”” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή ν›„λ³΄μ˜ κ³ λ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
who was running for election on the promise of five-percent growth,
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5% μ„±μž₯은 μΌ€λ„€λ””μ˜ μ£Όμš” μ„ κ±°κ³΅μ•½μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
so Rostow's job was to keep that plane flying,
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λ‘œμŠ€ν† μš°μ˜ 역할은 이 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό 계속 λ‚ κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이지
04:09
not to ask if, how, or when it could ever be allowed to land.
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μ–Έμ œ, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ°©λ₯™ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ λ¬»λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:16
So here we are, flying into the sunset of mass consumerism
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λŒ€λŸ‰ μ†ŒλΉ„μ˜ 일λͺ°λ‘œ λΉ„ν–‰ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
over half a century on,
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반 μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ λ„˜λ„λ‘
04:22
with economies that have come to expect, demand and depend upon
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬΄ν•œν•œ κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©° μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
unending growth,
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04:29
because we're financially, politically and socially addicted to it.
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금육, μ •μΉ˜,μ‚¬νšŒμ— 걸쳐 μ„±μž₯에 μ€‘λ…λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:34
We're financially addicted to growth, because today's financial system
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ν˜„μž¬ κΈˆμœ΅μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ΅œλŒ€ κΈˆμ „μ  이읡을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λ„λ‘
04:38
is designed to pursue the highest rate of monetary return,
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μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ„±μž₯에 집착할 μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
putting publicly traded companies under constant pressure
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 상μž₯기업은 맀좜, 수읡, μ‹œμž₯μ μœ μœ¨μ— 걸쳐
04:45
to deliver growing sales, growing market share and growing profits,
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μ„±μž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ κΎΈμ€€ν•œ 압박을 λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
and because banks create money as debt bearing interest,
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그리고 은행은 λŒ€μΆœμ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό 톡해 금리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
which must be repaid with more.
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상황을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ 돈이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ μš”.
04:54
We're politically addicted to growth
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μ •μΉ˜ μ—­μ‹œ μ„±μž₯에 λΉ μ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
because politicians want to raise tax revenue
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μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ΄ μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ λŠ˜λ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
04:58
without raising taxes
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μ„Έμˆ˜μž…μ„ ν™•μΆ©ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
and a growing GDP seems a sure way to do that.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” GDP 증가가 ν™•μ‹€ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
And no politician wants to lose their place in the G-20 family photo.
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G20 κΈ°λ…μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ 빠지고 싢은 μ •μΉ˜μΈλ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:07
But if their economy stops growing while the rest keep going,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ„±μž₯ 쀑인데 우리만 μ„±μž₯을 λ©ˆμΆ˜λ‹€λ©΄,
05:11
well, they'll be booted out by the next emerging powerhouse.
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곧 μ‹ ν₯ μ •μΉ˜μΈμ—κ²Œ 자리λ₯Ό λΉΌμ•—κΈ°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And we are socially addicted to growth,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ„±μž₯에 λΉ μ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
because thanks to a century of consumer propaganda,
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100년에 걸친 μ†ŒλΉ„ μ‘°μž₯ μ„ μ „μ˜ 결과이죠.
05:20
which fascinatingly was created by Edward Bernays,
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μ§€κ·Έλ¬ΈνŠΈ ν”„λ‘œμ΄νŠΈμ˜ 쑰카인 μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ λ²„λ„€μ΄μŠ€κ°€
05:23
the nephew of Sigmund Freud,
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κ³ μ•ˆν•œ μ„ μ „ μ „λž΅μœΌλ‘œ
05:26
who realized that his uncle's psychotherapy
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ‚Όμ΄Œμ˜ 정신뢄석학을 ν™œμš©ν•΄
05:29
could be turned into very lucrative retail therapy
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μˆ˜μ΅μ„±μ΄ 높은 μ‡Όν•‘ ν…ŒλΌν”Όλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
if we could be convinced to believe that we transform ourselves
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마치 μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ λ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ”
05:37
every time we buy something more.
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λ―ΏμŒμ„ μ‹¬μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
05:41
None of these addictions are insurmountable,
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이 쀑독이 ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μˆ˜μ€€μ— 이λ₯΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:44
but they all deserve far more attention than they currently get,
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ν˜„μž¬λ³΄λ‹€ 더 큰 관심이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
05:48
because look where this journey has been taking us.
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인λ₯˜κ°€ 놓인 상황을 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
05:50
Global GDP is 10 times bigger than it was in 1950
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κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ GDPλŠ” 1950년에 λΉ„ν•΄ 10λ°° μ„±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
05:55
and that increase has brought prosperity to billions of people,
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세계 μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…이 λ²ˆμ˜μ„ λˆ„λ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
but the global economy has also become incredibly divisive,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 세계 κ²½μ œλŠ” λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„λ‘œ λΆ„μ—΄λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
06:04
with the vast share of returns to wealth
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λΆ€μ˜ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 쏠림 ν˜„μƒμœΌλ‘œ
06:06
now accruing to a fraction of the global one percent.
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μ „ 세계 μƒμœ„ 1%μ—κ²Œ λΆ€κ°€ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
And the economy has become incredibly degenerative,
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κ²½μ œλŠ” λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€μ •λ„λ‘œ ν‡΄ν™”λ˜μ–΄κ°€κ³ 
06:14
rapidly destabilizing this delicately balanced planet
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인λ₯˜μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ 터전인 이 μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ„¬μ„Έν•œ κ· ν˜•μ„
06:19
on which all of our lives depend.
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κΈ‰μ†νžˆ μœ„νƒœλ‘­κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
Our politicians know it, and so they offer new destinations for growth.
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ν˜„ μ‚¬νƒœλ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„±μž₯을 μ œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
You can have green growth, inclusive growth,
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녹색 μ„±μž₯, 포용 μ„±μž₯,
06:28
smart, resilient, balanced growth.
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슀마트, 탄λ ₯, κ· ν˜• μ„±μž₯.
06:30
Choose any future you want so long as you choose growth.
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'μ„±μž₯'만 λ“€μ–΄κ°„λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ λ―Έλž˜λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 식이죠.
06:35
I think it's time to choose a higher ambition, a far bigger one,
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 더 λ†’κ³  큰 포뢀λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•  λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
because humanity's 21st century challenge is clear:
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21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 도전 κ³Όμ œλŠ” λΆ„λͺ…ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
to meet the needs of all people
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경이둭고 μœ μΌν•œ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
06:47
within the means of this extraordinary, unique, living planet
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λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ—
06:51
so that we and the rest of nature can thrive.
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인간과 μžμ—°μ΄ λ‚˜λž€νžˆ λ²ˆμ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
Progress on this goal isn't going to be measured with the metric of money.
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λͺ©ν‘œλ‹¬μ„±μ„ ν–₯ν•œ 과정을 돈으둜 μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
We need a dashboard of indicators.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은 μ§€ν‘œλ‘œ μ±„μ›Œμ§„ κ³„κΈ°νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:02
And when I sat down to try and draw a picture of what that might look like,
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이상적인 미래의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
07:06
strange though this is going to sound,
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
07:08
it came out looking like a doughnut.
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도넛 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ κ²½μ œκ΅¬μ‘°κ°€ κ·Έλ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
I know, I'm sorry,
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μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀리죠?
07:13
but let me introduce you to the one doughnut
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ μ†Œκ°œν•˜λŠ” 도넷 경제 λͺ¨λΈμ΄
07:15
that might actually turn out to be good for us.
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인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μœ μ΅ν•˜κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
So imagine humanity's resource use radiating out from the middle.
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인λ₯˜μ˜ μžμ›μ‚¬μš©μ€ μ€‘μ‹¬μ—μ„œ λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°„λ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•˜μ£ .
07:21
That hole in the middle is a place
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쀑심에 뚫린 ꡬ멍은
07:23
where people are falling short on life's essentials.
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기초적 ν•„μˆ˜μš”μ†Œμ˜ λ°•νƒˆμƒν™©μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
They don't have the food, health care, education, political voice, housing
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μ‘΄μ—„ν•˜κ³  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 삢을 μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ
07:29
that every person needs for a life of dignity and opportunity.
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μ‹λŸ‰, 보건, ꡐ윑, μ •μΉ˜ λ°œμ–ΈκΆŒ, 주거곡간 등이 κ²°μ—¬λœ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
We want to get everybody out of the hole, over the social foundation
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ΅¬λ©μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ νŠΌνŠΌν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  기초 μœ„μ—μ„œ
07:36
and into that green doughnut itself.
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λ„λ„›μ˜ 녹색 μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
But, and it's a big but,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μΈλ°μš”.
07:43
we cannot let our collective resource use overshoot that outer circle,
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곡동 μžμ› μ‚¬μš© μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μƒνƒœ 천μž₯인
07:48
the ecological ceiling,
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λ°”κΉ₯μͺ½ 원을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
because there we put so much pressure on this extraordinary planet
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인λ₯˜κ°€ κ°€ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ μ••λ°•λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:53
that we begin to kick it out of kilter.
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μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” μ •μƒμƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
We cause climate breakdown, we acidify the oceans,
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κΈ°ν›„ 뢕괴와 ν•΄μ–‘ μ‚°μ„±ν™”κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³ 
07:58
a hole in the ozone layer,
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μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ— ꡬ멍이 λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
pushing ourselves beyond the planetary boundaries
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11,000λ…„κ°„ 인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ μ‚Άμ˜ 기반이자 μžλΉ„λ‘œμš΄ λ³΄κΈˆμžλ¦¬μ˜€λ˜
08:03
of the life-supporting systems that have for the last 11,000 years
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08:08
made earth such a benevolent home to humanity.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ„ μ„ μ΄ˆμ›”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 상황에 이λ₯΄λ €μ£ .
08:13
So this double-sided challenge to meet the needs of all
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ν•œκ³„μ„  λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œμΌœ
08:15
within the means of the planet,
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두 마리 토끼λ₯Ό ν•œκΊΌλ²ˆμ— μž‘μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
it invites a new shape of progress,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 진보가 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
08:19
no longer this ever-rising line of growth,
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λμ—†λŠ” μ„±μž₯ 곑선을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜μ—¬
08:22
but a sweet spot for humanity,
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κ°€μž₯ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ§€λŒ€λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
thriving in dynamic balance between the foundation and the ceiling.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  κΈ°μ΄ˆμ™€ μƒνƒœν•œκ³„ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 역동적 κ· ν˜•μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
08:30
And I was really struck once I'd drawn this picture
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도넛 경제λ₯Ό κ·Έλ¦° ν›„
08:32
to realize that the symbol of well-being in many ancient cultures
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μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜ κ³ λŒ€ λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ μƒμ§•μ—μ„œ
08:37
reflects this very same sense of dynamic balance,
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λ™μΌν•œ 역동적 κ· ν˜•μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
from the Maori Takarangi
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마였리쑱 νƒ€μΉ΄λž‘κΈ°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
08:42
to the Taoist Yin Yang, the Buddhist endless knot,
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λ„κ΅μ˜ μŒμ–‘, 뢈ꡐ의 λ§Œλ‹€λΌ,
08:44
the Celtic double spiral.
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켈트쑱의 이쀑 λ‚˜μ„ .
08:47
So can we find this dynamic balance in the 21st century?
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21μ„ΈκΈ°μ—μ„œλ„ 역동적 κ· ν˜•μ„ 찾을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:52
Well, that's a key question,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
because as these red wedges show, right now we are far from balanced,
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λΉ¨κ°„ 쐐기λ₯Ό λ³΄μ„Έμš”. κ· ν˜•κ³ΌλŠ” 거리가 λ©€μ£ .
08:58
falling short and overshooting at the same time.
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과뢀쑱이 λ™μ‹œμ— λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Look in that hole, you can see that millions or billions of people worldwide
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ꡬ멍 속을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 전세계 μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…이
09:05
still fall short on their most basic of needs.
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기본적 μƒν™œμ„ μ˜μœ„ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
09:09
And yet, we've already overshot at least four of these planetary boundaries,
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λ„€ 가지 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 이미 μ§€κ΅¬μœ„ν—˜ν•œκ³„μ„ μ„ μ΄ˆμ›”ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
risking irreversible impact of climate breakdown
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κΈ°ν›„ λΆ•κ΄΄λΌλŠ” 되돌릴 수 μ—†λŠ” μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό
09:17
and ecosystem collapse.
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μƒνƒœκ³„ λͺ°λ½μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있죠.
09:20
This is the state of humanity and our planetary home.
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이것이 우리의 ν˜„μ£Όμ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
We, the people of the early 21st century,
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λ°”λ‘œ 21μ„ΈκΈ° μ΄ˆλ°˜μ„ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ”
09:28
this is our selfie.
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우리의 μžν™”μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
No economist from last century saw this picture,
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μ§€λ‚œ μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ„ 이런 상황과 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
09:34
so why would we imagine that their theories
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그런데 μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 경제이둠으둜
09:36
would be up for taking on its challenges?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 도전 과제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ € ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:38
We need ideas of our own,
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우리만의 아이디어가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
because we are the first generation to see this
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λΆˆκ· ν˜•μ„ 졜초둜 λͺ©κ²©ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€μ΄μž
09:42
and probably the last with a real chance of turning this story around.
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상황을 λ°˜μ „μ‹œν‚¬ 기회λ₯Ό 가진 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ„ΈλŒ€μΌ 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
You see, 20th century economics assured us that if growth creates inequality,
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20μ„ΈκΈ° κ²½μ œν•™μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
λ§Œμ•½ μ„±μž₯으둜 λΆˆκ· λ“±μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λ©΄
09:51
don't try to redistribute,
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μž¬λΆ„λ°°ν•˜μ§€ 마라.
09:52
because more growth will even things up again.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ„±μž₯으둜 균등을 λ˜μ°Ύμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€.
09:54
If growth creates pollution,
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μ„±μž₯으둜 μ˜€μ—Όμ΄ λ°œμƒν•΄λ„
09:56
don't try to regulate, because more growth will clean things up again.
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κ·œμ œν•˜μ§€ 말라.
더 λ§Žμ€ μ„±μž₯으둜 μ˜€μ—Όμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
10:01
Except, it turns out, it doesn't,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„±μž₯이 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ€€ 것은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
and it won't.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ κ·ΈλŸ΄κ±°κ³ μš”.
10:05
We need to create economies that tackle this shortfall and overshoot together,
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κ³ΌλΆ€μ‘± ν˜„μƒμ„ ν•œλ²ˆμ— ν•΄κ²°κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
10:09
by design.
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경제 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
We need economies that are regenerative and distributive by design.
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μž¬λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό 보μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μž¬μƒμ μΈ κ²½μ œκ΅¬μ‘°κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
You see, we've inherited degenerative industries.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 물렀받은 산업은 ν‡΄ν–‰μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
We take earth's materials, make them into stuff we want,
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μžμ›μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 물건을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
10:21
use it for a while, often only once, and then throw it away,
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ν•œλ™μ•ˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ ν›„, μ’…μ’… λ”± ν•œλ²ˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
and that is pushing us over planetary boundaries,
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이 νŒ¨ν„΄μ€ μ§€κ΅¬μœ„ν—˜ν•œκ³„μ„ μœΌλ‘œ 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ°€μ–΄λ„£κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
so we need to bend those arrows around,
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이 화살이 λ‘₯κΈ€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
create economies that work with and within the cycles of the living world,
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지ꡬ 사이클과 ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€λŠ” 경제λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
so that resources are never used up but used again and again,
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μžμ›μ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ†Œλͺ¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  계속 μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
10:38
economies that run on sunlight,
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ν–‡λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” 경제둜
10:40
where waste from one process is food for the next.
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폐기물이 μžμ›μ΄ λ˜λŠ” κ²½μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
And this kind of regenerative design is popping up everywhere.
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κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ 이와같은 μž¬μƒμ  경제 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
Over a hundred cities worldwide, from Quito to Oslo,
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ν‚€ν† μ—μ„œ 였슬둜, ν•˜λΌλ ˆμ—μ„œ ν˜Έλ°”νŠΈκΉŒμ§€
10:50
from Harare to Hobart,
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μ „ 세계 100μ—¬κ³³μ˜ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ
10:52
already generate more than 70 percent of their electricity
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νƒœμ–‘, λ°”λžŒ, νŒŒλ„μ—μ„œ
10:56
from sun, wind and waves.
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μ „λ ₯의 70%λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
Cities like London, Glasgow, Amsterdam are pioneering circular city design,
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런던, κΈ€λž˜μŠ€κ³ , μ•”μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ€ μˆœν™˜λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μ„ λ„ν•˜λ©°
11:03
finding ways to turn the waste from one urban process
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λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 폐기물이
11:07
into food for the next.
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μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
And from Tigray, Ethiopia to Queensland, Australia,
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μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„μ˜ ν‹°κ·Έλ ˆμ΄μ—μ„œ
호주 ν€Έμ¦λžœλ“œμ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
11:13
farmers and foresters are regenerating once-barren landscapes
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농뢀와 μ‚Όλ¦Όμ—…μžλŠ” μ²™λ°•ν–ˆλ˜ 땅을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄λ €λ‚΄μ–΄
11:17
so that it teems with life again.
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생λͺ…이 κ°€λ“ν•œ 경지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
But as well as being regenerative by design,
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μž¬μƒλ§ŒνΌ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이 λ°”λ‘œ λΆ„λ°°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
our economies must be distributive by design,
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11:26
and we've got unprecedented opportunities for making that happen,
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λΆ„λ°°μ˜ 경제λ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•  μœ λ‘€μ—†λŠ” κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
because 20th-century centralized technologies,
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μ€‘μ•™μ§‘κΆŒμ  기술과 μ œλ„μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜€λ˜ 20μ„ΈκΈ°μ—λŠ”
11:33
institutions,
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11:35
concentrated wealth, knowledge and power in few hands.
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λΆ€, 지식과 ꢌλ ₯이 μ†Œμˆ˜μ—κ²Œ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
This century, we can design our technologies and institutions
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 21μ„ΈκΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ” 기술과 μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ””μžμΈν•˜μ—¬
11:44
to distribute wealth, knowledge and empowerment to many.
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λ‹€μˆ˜μ—κ²Œ 뢀와 지식을 λΆ„λ°°ν•˜κ³  κΆŒν•œμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
Instead of fossil fuel energy and large-scale manufacturing,
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화석 μ—°λ£Œμ™€ λŒ€λŸ‰ 제쑰λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν• 
11:52
we've got renewable energy networks, digital platforms and 3D printing.
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μž¬μƒ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬, 디지털 ν”Œλž«νΌ, 3D ν”„λ¦°ν„°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
200 years of corporate control of intellectual property is being upended
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200λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 기업이 ν†΅μ œν•˜λ˜ μ§€μ μž¬μ‚°μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λŠ” λλ‚˜κ³ 
12:02
by the bottom-up, open-source, peer-to-peer knowledge commons.
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λ°”ν…€μ—…, μ˜€ν”ˆμ†ŒμŠ€, P2P μ§€μ‹κ³΅μœ κ°€ λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
And corporations that still pursue maximum rate of return
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주주의 μ΅œλŒ€ μˆ˜μ΅μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 기업듀이
12:09
for their shareholders,
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12:12
well they suddenly look rather out of date
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κ°‘μžκΈ° κ΅¬μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 보이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
12:14
next to social enterprises that are designed to generate
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μž¬μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³  λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ‘œ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ”
12:17
multiple forms of value and share it with those throughout their networks.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμš”.
12:22
If we can harness today's technologies,
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인곡지λŠ₯κ³Ό 블둝체인
12:25
from AI to blockchain
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사물인터넷과 μž¬λ£Œκ³Όν•™κΉŒμ§€
12:27
to the Internet of Things to material science,
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬
12:30
if we can harness these in service of distributive design,
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λΆ„λ°°μ˜ 경제 λͺ¨λΈμ„ 섀계할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:34
we can ensure that health care, education, finance, energy, political voice
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보건, ꡐ윑, 재무, μ—λ„ˆμ§€, μ •μΉ˜μ  λ°œμ–Έμ˜ 기회λ₯Ό
12:39
reaches and empowers those people who need it most.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  νž˜μ„ 싀어쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
You see, regenerative and distributive design
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μž¬μƒμ , μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ  λͺ¨λΈμ€
12:46
create extraordinary opportunities for the 21st-century economy.
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21μ„ΈκΈ° κ²½μ œμ— 획기적인 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
So where does this leave Rostow's airplane ride?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ‘œμŠ€ν† μš°μ˜ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
12:54
Well, for some it still carries the hope of endless green growth,
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λ¬΄ν•œν•œ 녹색 μ„±μž₯을 희망을 놓지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
the idea that thanks to dematerialization,
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λΉ„λ¬Όμ§ˆν™”μ— κΈ°λŒ€μ–΄
13:01
exponential GDP growth can go on forever while resource use keeps falling.
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μžμ›μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ€„μ—¬λ‚˜κ°€λ©΄
지속적 GDP μ„±μž₯이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ£ .
13:06
But look at the data. This is a flight of fancy.
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데이터λ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 맀우 μ‚¬μΉ˜μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 비행이죠.
13:10
Yes, we need to dematerialize our economies,
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λ¬Όλ‘  경제λ₯Ό λΉ„λ¬Όμ§ˆν™” μ‹œν‚¬ ν•„μš”λŠ” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
but this dependency on unending growth cannot be decoupled from resource use
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λμ—†λŠ” μ„±μž₯ μ˜μ‘΄μ€ μžμ› μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό 뢄리할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
on anything like the scale required
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μ§€κ΅¬ν•œκ³„μ„  μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λŒλ €λ†“λŠ” 척도와
13:19
to bring us safely back within planetary boundaries.
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떼어놓고 생각할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
I know this way of thinking about growth is unfamiliar,
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이 관점이 λ‚―μ„€λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:26
because growth is good, no?
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μ„±μž₯은 쒋은 κ±°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
13:28
We want our children to grow, our gardens to grow.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 아이가 μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  식물이 자라길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
Yes, look to nature and growth is a wonderful, healthy source of life.
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μžμ—° 속 μ„±μž₯은 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‚Άμ˜ μ›μ²œμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:36
It's a phase, but many economies like Ethiopia and Nepal today
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κ±°μ³μ•Όν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„μ™€ λ„€νŒ” 같은 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” μ„±μž₯ 단계에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
may be in that phase.
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13:41
Their economies are growing at seven percent a year.
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μ—° 7%의 κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯λ₯ μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
13:45
But look again to nature,
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λ‹€μ‹œ μžμ—°μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
13:47
because from your children's feet to the Amazon forest,
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μ•„μ΄μ˜ 발 크기도 μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ˜ 삼림도
13:51
nothing in nature grows forever.
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μ˜μ›νžˆ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:53
Things grow, and they grow up and they mature,
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μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  λ•Œκ°€ 되면 μ„±μž₯을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  μ„±μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
and it's only by doing so
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 과정은 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ²ˆμ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
that they can thrive for a very long time.
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14:03
We already know this.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 이미 μ•Œκ³  있죠.
14:05
If I told you my friend went to the doctor
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λ§Œμ•½ 제 μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ 병원에 κ°”λŠ”λ°
쒅양이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 말을 λ“€μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”? (Growth: μ„±μž₯, μ’…μ–‘)
14:08
who told her she had a growth
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14:12
that feels very different,
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ„±μž₯의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” 맀우 달라지죠.
14:14
because we intuitively understand that when something tries to grow forever
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λͺΈ μ†μ—μ„œ μ˜μ›νžˆ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ € ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
14:18
within a healthy, living, thriving system,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³ΈλŠ₯적으둜 느끼게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
it's a threat to the health of the whole.
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건강을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³ μš”.
14:25
So why would we imagine that our economies
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그런데 μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²½μ œλ§Œμ€
14:27
would be the one system that could buck this trend
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μžμ—°μ˜ 섭리λ₯Ό 거슀λ₯΄κ³ 
14:30
and succeed by growing forever?
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μ˜μ›νžˆ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
14:33
We urgently need financial, political and social innovations
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금육, μ •μΉ˜, μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν˜μ‹ μ„ 톡해
14:38
that enable us to overcome this structural dependency on growth,
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μ„±μž₯에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 경제ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ¦‰μ‹œ 극볡해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
so that we can instead focus on thriving and balance
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  번영과 κ· ν˜•μ— 집쀑할 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
within the social and the ecological boundaries of the doughnut.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ , μƒνƒœμ  λ„λ„›μ˜ 동심원 μ•ˆμ—μ„œμš”.
14:53
And if the mere idea of boundaries makes you feel, well, bounded,
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ν•œκ³„μ„ λ₯Ό λ‘”λ‹€λŠ” 것에 경계심이 λ“ λ‹€λ©΄
14:59
think again.
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λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
15:00
Because the world's most ingenious people
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이 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 독창적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
15:03
turn boundaries into the source of their creativity.
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ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 창쑰의 μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
From Mozart on his five-octave piano
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λͺ¨μ°¨λ₯΄νŠΈμ˜ 5μ˜₯νƒ€λΈŒ ν”Όμ•„λ…Έ
15:10
Jimi Hendrix on his six-string guitar,
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지미 ν—¨λ“œλ¦­μŠ€μ˜ 6쀄 기타
15:13
Serena Williams on a tennis court,
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μ„Έλ ˆλ‚˜ μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μŠ€μ˜ ν…Œλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ½”νŠΈ.
15:16
it's boundaries that unleash our potential.
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λͺ¨λ‘ 경계 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 잠재λ ₯이 λ°œνœ˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
And the doughnut's boundaries unleash the potential for humanity to thrive
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λ„λ„›μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ„ μ΄ λ°œνœ˜ν•  잠재λ ₯은 인λ₯˜μ˜ λ²ˆμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:25
with boundless creativity, participation, belonging and meaning.
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λ¬΄ν•œν•œ μ°½μ˜μ„±κ³Ό μ°Έμ—¬, μ†Œμ†κ°κ³Ό 의미.
15:32
It's going to take all the ingenuity that we have got to get there,
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λͺ¨λ“  독창성을 λ°œνœ˜ν•΄μ•Ό κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œμ— λ‹€κ°€κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:37
so bring it on.
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ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
15:38
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:40
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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