Dilip Ratha: The hidden force in global economics: sending money home

93,988 views ใƒป 2014-10-09

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JunYoung Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeeho Song
00:12
I live in Washington, D.C.,
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์ €๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
00:17
but I grew up in Sindhekela, a village in Orissa, in India.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๋“œํ—ค์ผˆ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
My father was a government worker.
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์ €์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด์…จ๊ณ 
00:28
My mother could not read or write, but she
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
would say to me, "A king is worshipped only in his
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ "์™•์€ ์˜ค์ง ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์™•๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ
00:38
own kingdom. A poet is respected everywhere."
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์‹œ์ธ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So I wanted to be a poet when I grew up.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ž„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
But I almost didn't go to college
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๊ณ ๋ชจ์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋„์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ป” ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:52
until an aunt offered financial help.
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00:56
I went to study in Sambalpur,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋งˆ์„์ด์˜€๋˜ ์‚ผ๋ฐœํ‘ธ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
the largest town in the region,
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01:02
where, already in college, I saw a television for the first time.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
01:09
I had dreams of going to the United States
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์ €๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
for higher studies.
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01:14
When the opportunity came,
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๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ,
01:16
I crossed two oceans, with borrowed money
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ณ 
01:19
for airfare and only a $20 bill in my pocket.
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๋‹จ ํ•œ์žฅ์˜ 20 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ ๋งŒ์ด ์ œ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
In the U.S., I worked in a research center,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ œ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
part-time, while taking graduate classes in economics.
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01:34
And with the little I earned, I would
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ ์ž‘์€ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ
01:40
finance myself and then I would send
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ ,
01:42
money home to my brother and my father.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
My story is not unique.
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์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
There are millions of people who migrate each year.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
With the help of the family, they cross oceans,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
they cross deserts, they cross rivers, they cross mountains.
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02:05
They risk their lives to realize a dream,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
and that dream is as simple as having a
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๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
decent job somewhere so they can send money home
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์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:15
and help the family,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:17
which has helped them before.
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์ „์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™”์ง€์š”.
02:21
There are 232 million international migrants in the world.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—” 2์–ต3์ฒœ2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
These are people who live in a country
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
02:28
other than their country of birth.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
If there was a country made up of
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:32
only international migrants,
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02:34
that would be larger, in population,
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๊ทธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
than Brazil.
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02:37
That would be larger, in its size
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
02:39
of the economy, than France.
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02:43
Some 180 million of them, from poor countries,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ 1์–ต8์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์™€์„œ
02:47
send money home regularly.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:50
Those sums of money are called remittances.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ์†ก๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:55
Here is a fact that might surprise you:
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋†€๋ž€๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
413 billion dollars, 413 billion dollars
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4130์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 4130์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
03:04
was the amount of remittances sent last year
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค๋กœ
03:07
by migrants to developing countries.
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด ์†ก๊ธˆ๋œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Migrants from developing countries,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด
03:11
money sent to developing countries โ€”
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ
03:13
413 billion dollars.
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4130์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
That's a remarkable number because
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
that is three times the size of
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
03:19
the total of development aid money.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€์›๊ธˆ ์ด์•ก์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:23
And yet, you and I,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ €,
03:27
my colleagues in Washington,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
03:28
we endlessly debate and
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
discuss about development aid,
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03:33
while we ignore remittances as small change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ์ž‘์€๋ˆ์ด๋ผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:37
True, people send 200 dollars per month,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ํ‰๊ท  200๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:40
on average. But, repeated month after month,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์–ด ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ์™ธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ•์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
by millions of people,
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03:46
these sums of money add up to rivers of foreign currency.
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03:50
So India, last year, received 72 billion dollars, larger than
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— 720์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
03:55
its IT exports.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ IT ์ˆ˜์ถœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
In Egypt remittances are three times
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์ด
04:01
the size of revenues from the Suez Canal.
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์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์˜ 3๋ฐฐ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
In Tajikistan, remittances are 42 percent of GDP.
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ํƒ€์žํ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์ด GDP์˜ 42ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
And in poorer countries, smaller countries, fragile countries,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค, ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค, ์•ฝํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค,
04:11
conflict-afflicted countries, remittances are a lifeline,
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์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ดํ‹ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ดด๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
as in Somalia or in Haiti.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:20
No wonder these flows have huge
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04:22
impacts on economies and on poor people.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Remittances, unlike private investment money,
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์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
they don't flow back at the first
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
sign of trouble in the country.
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04:35
They actually act like an insurance.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:38
When the family is in trouble,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:40
facing hardship, facing hard times,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
04:43
remittances increase, they act like an insurance.
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์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
04:45
Migrants send more money then.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Unlike development aid money,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ง€์›๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ ,
04:49
that must go through official agencies,
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณต์‹ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:52
through governments, remittances
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04:55
directly reach the poor,
83
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์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
reach the family,
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04:58
and often with business advice.
85
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ์—… ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ฃ .
05:00
So in Nepal, the share of poor
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1995๋…„์— ๋„คํŒ”์˜
๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ 42 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
people was 42 percent in 1995,
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05:06
the share of poor people in the population.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด์š”.
05:09
By 2005, a decade later, at a
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์‹ญ๋…„ ๋’ค์ธ 2005๋…„๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—๋„
05:12
time of political crisis, economic crisis,
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05:15
the share of poor people went down to 31 percent.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 31ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
That decline in poverty, most of it,
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์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š”
05:23
about half of it, is believed to be
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1899
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ์˜ ์†ก๊ธˆ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
because of remittances from India,
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05:27
another poor country.
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2139
05:29
In El Salvador, the school dropout
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์—˜์‚ด๋ฐ”๋„๋ฅด์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ž ๋น„์œจ์ด
05:34
rate among children is lower
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05:37
in families that receive remittances.
98
337281
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์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
In Mexico and Sri Lanka,
99
339087
1969
๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด์—์„œ๋Š”
05:41
the birth weight of children is higher
100
341056
4399
์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
among families that receive remittances.
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05:50
Remittances are dollars wrapped with care.
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์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๋œ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Migrants send money home for food,
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์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์ƒํ•„ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:57
for buying necessities, for building houses,
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์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
05:59
for funding education, for funding
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๊ต์œก์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:01
healthcare for the elderly, for business
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๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ,
๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
investments for friends and family.
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06:06
Migrants send even more money home
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์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
for special occasions like a surgery
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:12
or a wedding. And migrants also send
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
06:15
money, perhaps far too many times,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
for unexpected funerals that
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
06:21
they cannot attend.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:25
Much as these flows do all that good,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ๋ฆ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋งŒํผ
06:27
there are barriers to these
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4์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์†ก๊ธˆ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†ก๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
flows of remittances, these
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06:30
400 billion dollars of remittances.
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06:33
Foremost among them is
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์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
06:35
the exorbitant cost of sending money home.
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ˆ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Money transfer companies structure
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1997
์†ก๊ธˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ
06:41
their fees to milk the poor.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฅ์–ด์งœ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
They will say, "Up to 500 dollars
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
"๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
06:48
if you want to send, we will charge you
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06:50
30 dollars fixed."
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์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 30๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:52
If you are poor and if you have only 200 dollars to send,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ , ์˜ค์ง 200๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:55
you have to pay that $30 fee.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ 30๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
The global average cost of sending
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰๊ท  ์†ก๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” 8ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
money is eight percent.
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2537
07:03
That means you send 100 dollars,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ฆ‰, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:04
the family on the other side receives only
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์˜ค์ง 92๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
92 dollars.
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1557
07:08
To send money to Africa,
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1784
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”
07:10
the cost is even higher:
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ 12ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
12 percent.
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1346
07:12
To send money within Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋” ๋†’์•„์„œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
the cost is even higher:
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1484
07:16
over 20 percent.
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1319
07:17
For example, sending money from Benin to Nigeria.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฒ ๋ƒ‰์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
07:21
And then there is the case of Venezuela, where,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:25
because of exchange controls,
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445840
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๊ตญํ™˜ ์ œํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:27
you send 100 dollars and you
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2000
๋‹น์‹ ์ด 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ
07:29
are lucky if the family on the other side
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449321
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ–‰์šด์•„๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
07:31
receives even 10 dollars.
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10๋ถˆ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Of course, nobody sends money to Venezuela
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ๋กœ
07:37
through the official channel.
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1623
๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:39
It all goes in suitcases.
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2124
์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Whereever costs are high,
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์–ด๋””๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด,
07:43
money goes underground.
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2383
๋ˆ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
And what is worse,
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465893
1936
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๋ƒ๋ฉด
07:47
many developing countries actually
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค
07:50
have a blanket ban on sending money
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ์˜ ์†ก๊ธˆ์„
07:52
out of the country.
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์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Many rich nations also have a
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ
07:56
blanket ban on sending money to specific countries.
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ํŠน์ • ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ์˜ ์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
So, is it that there are no options,
155
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:03
no better options, cheaper options, to send money?
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ, ๋” ์‹ผ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:06
There are.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
M-Pesa in Kenya enables people to send money
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์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์— ํŽ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
08:10
and receive money at a fixed cost of only
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๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‹น ์˜ค์ง 60์„ผํŠธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
60 cents per transaction.
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08:16
U.S. Fed started a program with Mexico
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋‹น ๋‹จ 67์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
08:19
to enable money service businesses
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08:21
to send money to Mexico
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08:22
for a fixed cost of only 67 cents per transaction.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And yet, these faster, cheaper, better options
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์‹ธ๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€
08:30
can't be applied internationally
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
because of the fear of money laundering,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ์„ธํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:36
even though there is little data
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๋น„๋ก ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด๋“ ,
08:39
to support any connection, any significant
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๋ˆ ์„ธํƒ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์€ ์†ก๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
08:42
connection between money laundering
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08:43
and these small remittance transactions.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:49
Many international banks now
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š”
08:50
are wary of hosting bank accounts
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๊ธˆ์œต ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ณ„์ขŒ๋“ค์„
08:53
of money service businesses, especially
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์—ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:56
those serving Somalia.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
Somalia, a country where the
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์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜
09:02
per capita income is only 250 dollars per year.
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์€ ์ผ๋…„์— ๋‹จ ๋ˆ 250๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Monthly remittances, on average, to Somalia
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์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ์˜ ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:11
is larger than that amount.
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์ด ๊ธˆ์•ก๋ณด๋‹ค ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Remittances are the lifeblood of Somalia.
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์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
And yet, this is an example of
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:20
the right hand giving a lot of aid,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:22
while the left hand is cutting the lifeblood
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์™ผ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:26
to that economy, through regulations.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Then there is the case of poor people from villages, like me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
In the villages, the only place where you can
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๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
09:38
get money is through the post office.
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์˜ค์ง ์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Most of the governments in the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
09:43
have allowed their post offices to have
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ์ด ์†ก๊ธˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
09:46
exclusive partnerships with money transfer companies.
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๋…์  ํ˜‘์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
So, if I have to send money to my
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ
09:52
father in the village, I must send money
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:55
through that particular money transfer company,
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์†ก๊ธˆํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
even if the cost is high.
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๋น„๋ก ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋†’๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:59
I cannot go to a cheaper option.
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
10:03
This has to go.
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์ด๋Ÿผ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So, what can international organizations and
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ตญ์ œ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค๊ณผ
10:07
social entrepreneurs do to reduce the cost
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์†ก๊ธˆ์˜
10:09
of sending money home?
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:11
First, relax regulations on small remittances under 1,000 dollars.
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์ฒซ์งธ, 1000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์†ก๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์™„ํ™”.
10:17
Governments should recognize that
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜์˜ ์†ก๊ธˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ธํƒ์ด
10:19
small remittances are not money laundering.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Second, governments should abolish exclusive partnerships
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†ก๊ธˆํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
10:28
between their post office and the money transfer company.
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๋…์ ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
For that matter, between the post office
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ,
10:33
and any national banking system that
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์šฐ์ฒด๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
10:35
has a large network that serves the poor.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
In fact, they should promote competition,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:41
open up the partnership so that
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด
10:44
we will bring down costs like we did,
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
like they did, in the telecommunications industry.
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ํ†ต์‹  ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
10:51
You have seen what has happened there.
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ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
10:54
Third, large nonprofit philanthropic organizations
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์…‹์งธ, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€
10:59
should create a remittance platform
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๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์†ก๊ธˆ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
on a nonprofit basis.
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11:02
They should create a nonprofit
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ์†ก๊ธˆ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์†ก๊ธˆํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:03
remittance platform to serve the money transfer
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11:06
companies so that they can send money at a low cost,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
11:09
while complying with all the complex
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11:12
regulations all over the world.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
The development community should
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ์†ก๊ธˆ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„
11:18
set a goal of reducing remittance costs
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11:20
to one percent from the current eight percent.
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8ํผ์„ผํŠธ์—์„œ 1ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
If we reduce costs to one percent,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 1ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:25
that would release a saving of 30 billion dollars per year.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 30์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Thirty billion dollars, that's larger than the entire
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30์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๋Š”
11:34
bilateral aid budget going to Africa per year.
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์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„ ์›์กฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
That is larger than, or almost similar to,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž์ธ
11:40
the total aid budget of the United States government,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ด ์›์กฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:43
the largest donor on the planet.
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ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:46
Actually, the savings would be larger
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก์ด 30์กฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
than that 30 billion because remittance channels
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์†ก๊ธˆ์ด
11:50
are also used for aid, trade and investment purposes.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์›์กฐ, ๋ฌด์—ญ, ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Another major impediment to the
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์†ก๊ธˆ์˜ ํ๋ฅด์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฟ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:58
flow of remittances reaching the family
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฌผ์€
12:00
is the large and exorbitant
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ฑ„์šฉ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
and illegal cost of recruitment,
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12:06
fees that migrants pay, migrant workers
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์ด์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ,
12:09
pay to laborers who found them the job.
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์ด์ฃผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
I was in Dubai a few years ago.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „ ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด์—์„œ
12:16
I visited a camp for workers.
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์บ ํ”„์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
It was 8 in the evening, dark, hot, humid.
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๋ฐค 8์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋”์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์Šตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Workers were coming back from
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํž˜๋“  ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:25
their grueling day of work,
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12:27
and I struck a conversation
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
with a Bangladeshi construction worker.
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12:32
He was preoccupied that he is sending
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
money home, he has been
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12:36
sending money home for a few months now,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์›”์ •๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and the money is mostly going
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ค€ ์ฑ„์šฉ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์ฃ .
12:41
to the recruitment agent, to the labor agent
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12:44
who found him that job.
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12:45
And in my mind, I could picture
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์†ก๊ธˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
the wife waiting for
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12:50
the monthly remittance.
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12:52
The remittance arrives.
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์†ก๊ธˆ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ์ฑ„์šฉ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
She takes the money and hands
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12:55
it over to the recruitment agent,
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12:59
while the children are looking on.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:02
This has to stop.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
It is not only construction workers from Bangladesh,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:10
it is all the workers. There are millions of migrant
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์ฃผ์ž ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด
13:12
workers who suffer from this problem.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
A construction worker from Bangladesh,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋Š”
13:16
on an average, pays about 4,000 dollars in recruitment fees
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 4์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ 
13:20
for a job that gives him only 2,000 dollars per year in income.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋‹จ 2์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ์ด ํ•œ ํ•ด ์†Œ๋“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
That means that for the two years or three years
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์ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ํ˜น์€ 3๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
13:28
of his life, he is basically sending money
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉ ์ค‘๊ฐœ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
to pay for the recruitment fees.
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13:33
The family doesn't get to see any of it.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
It is not only Dubai, it is the dark
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
underbelly of every major city in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
It is not only Bangladeshi construction workers,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
it is workers from all over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
It is not only men.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
13:49
Women are especially vulnerable to
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํ–‰์œ„์— ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
recruitment malpractices.
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13:55
One of the most exciting and newest
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์†ก๊ธˆ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
14:00
thing happening in the area of remittances
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14:02
is how to mobilize, through innovation,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ €์ถ•๊ณผ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์„ ๋™์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
diaspora saving and diaspora giving.
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14:08
Migrants send money home,
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์ด์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
but they also save a large amount of
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
money where they live.
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14:14
Annually, migrant savings are estimated
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋žต 5์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
to be 500 billion dollars.
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14:21
Most of that money is parked in
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์ด ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š”
14:23
bank deposits that give you zero percent interest rate.
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0% ์˜ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์— ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
If a country were to come and offer a three percent
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์™€์„œ 3~4%์˜ ์ด์ž์œจ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
14:30
or four percent interest rate, and then say
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14:32
that the money would be used for building schools,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ ,
14:35
roads, airports, train systems
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๋„๋กœ, ๊ณตํ•ญ, ์ „์ฒ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:38
in the country of origin, a lot
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14:40
of migrants would be interested in
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด์–ด๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
parting with their money because
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14:44
it's not only financial gains that
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ด์ต๋งŒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:46
give them an opportunity
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ฝ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:48
to stay engaged with their country's development.
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14:53
Remittance channels can be used
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์†ก๊ธˆ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๋„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
to sell these bonds to migrants
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15:00
because when they come
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›”๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ ์†ก๊ธˆํ•  ๋•Œ
15:01
on a monthly basis to send remittances,
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15:02
that's when you can actually sell it to them.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:05
You can also do the same
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
15:06
for mobilizing diaspora giving.
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15:09
I would love to invest in a
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์† ์—ด์ฐจ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—
15:12
bullet train system in India
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
and I would love to contribute to efforts
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€
15:17
to fight malaria in my village.
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋„ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
Remittances are a great way of
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์†ก๊ธˆ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
sharing prosperity between places
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15:29
in a targeted way that benefits
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๊ทธ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
15:31
those who need them most.
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15:34
Remittances empower people.
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์†ก๊ธˆ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
We must do all we can to make remittances
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
์†ก๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ฑ„์šฉ์„
15:40
and recruitment
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15:41
safer and cheaper.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
And it can be done.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
As for myself, I have been
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2100
์ œ ์ž์‹ ์€ ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์˜จ์ง€ ์ด์ œ 20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
away from India for two decades now.
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15:52
My wife is a Venezuelan.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
My children are Americans.
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์ œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
15:58
Increasingly, I feel like a global citizen.
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
And yet, I am growing nostalgic
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ปค์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
about my country of birth.
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16:08
I want to be in India and in the U.S. at the same time.
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
My parents are not there anymore.
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
16:15
My brothers and sisters have moved on.
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์ œ ํ˜•์ œ ์ž๋งค๋“ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
There is no real urgency for me to send money home.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
And yet, from time to time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
16:24
I send money home to friends,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
to relatives, to the village,
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16:29
to be there, to stay engaged โ€”
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:32
that's part of my identity.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And, I'm still striving to be a poet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
16:37
for the hardworking migrants
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์ด์ฃผ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์—์„œ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
16:39
and their struggle to break free
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
of the cycle of poverty.
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16:42
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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