You don't have to be an expert to solve big problems | Tapiwa Chiwewe

162,602 views ใƒป 2018-03-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sulim Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
One winter morning, a couple of years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „, ๊ฒจ์šธ
00:16
I was driving to work in Johannesburg, South Africa,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ์ผํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
and noticed a haze hanging over the city.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ์€ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
00:22
I make that drive on most days,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:25
so it was unusual that I hadn't noticed this before.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Johannesburg is known for its distinctive skyline,
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์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
which I could barely see that morning.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋‚  ์•„์นจ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์ฃ .
00:34
It didn't take long for me to realize that I was looking at an enormous cloud
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์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ž„์„
00:38
of air pollution.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
The contrast between the scenic environment I knew
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ
00:44
and this smog-covered skyline
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์Šค๋ชจ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ
00:46
stirred up something within me.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
I was appalled by the possibility of this city of bright and vivid sunsets
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐ์€ ํ•ด์งˆ๋…˜์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด
00:54
being overrun by a dull haze.
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ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋”๋Ÿฝํ˜€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
At that moment, I felt an urge to do something about it,
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:01
but I didn't know what.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
All I knew was I couldn't just stand idly by.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
The main challenge was,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ ์€
01:09
I didn't know much about environmental science
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
01:13
air-quality management
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๋Œ€๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:15
or atmospheric chemistry.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I am a computer engineer,
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
and I was pretty sure I couldn't code my way out of this air pollution problem.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:24
Who was I to do anything about this issue?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:27
I was but a citizen.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
In the following years, I learned a very important lesson,
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๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์—, ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
a lesson we all need to take to heart if we are to work towards a better future.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง„์‹ค๋œ ๋งˆ์Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
01:40
Even if you're not an expert in a particular domain,
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๋น„๋ก ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ผ๋„
01:44
your outside expertise may hold the key
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:47
to solving big problems within that domain.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
Sometimes the unique perspective you have
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์ด
01:53
can result in unconventional thinking that can move the needle,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
but you need to be bold enough to try.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
That's the only way you'll ever know.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”,
02:04
What I knew back then
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š”
02:06
was that if I was even going to try to make a difference,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
02:10
I had to get smart about air pollution first,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
and so I became a student again.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
I did a bit of basic research
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:19
and soon learned that air pollution
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๊ณง ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด
02:21
is the world's biggest environmental health risk.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Data from the World Health Organization
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:28
shows that almost 14 percent of all deaths worldwide in 2012
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2012๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์˜ 14%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€
02:33
were attributable to household and ambient air pollution,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
with most occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
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์ด๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
02:41
Ambient air pollution alone causes more deaths each year
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02:45
than malaria and HIV/AIDS.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
In Africa, premature deaths from unsafe sanitation
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐ
02:52
or childhood malnutrition
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์˜์–‘๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์•„๋™ ์‚ฌ๋ง์€
02:53
pale in comparison to deaths due to air pollution,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
and it comes at a huge economic cost:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
over 400 billion US dollars as of 2013,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2013๋…„
03:04
according to a study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
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์ด๋Š” 4์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Now, in my work,
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
03:12
I explore new frontiers for artificial intelligence,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
where the symbiotic relationship between man and machine
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด
03:20
can find a beneficial footing and help us to make better decisions.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
As I thought about the air pollution problem,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก
03:28
it became clear that we needed to find a way to make better decisions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:32
about how we manage air pollution,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•จ์ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
and given the scale of the problem,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
03:36
it was necessary to do it in a collaborative way.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:40
So I decided I'd better get to know some people working within the field.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
I started to speak to officials from the City of Johannesburg
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์ €๋Š” ์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค
03:48
and other surrounding cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:50
and I engaged the local scientific community,
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
and I also made a few cold calls.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์˜ ๋ง๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:57
The process of engagement I embarked upon
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋“ค์‘ค์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
03:59
helped me to develop a deeper understanding of the problem.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:03
It also helped me to avoid the trap
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์ด๋Š” ์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
04:05
people in my profession sometimes fall into when trying to innovate,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ•จ์ •, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:09
where we are quick to apply a technology
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๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ์—†์ด
04:11
before we've firmly grasped the problem at hand.
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๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํ•จ์ •์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
I began to develop an idea
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04:17
about what I could do to improve the situation.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€
04:20
I started by simply asking myself
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
how I could bring together in some meaningful way
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
04:25
my skills in software engineering and artificial intelligence
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ค„์„ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„
04:29
and the expertise of the people I'd reached out to.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
I wanted to create an online air-quality management platform
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:37
that would uncover trends in pollution
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04:39
and project into the future
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
04:41
to determine what outcomes can be expected.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:44
I was determined to see my idea translate into a practical solution,
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์ €๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
04:49
but I faced uncertainty
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๊ณ 
04:52
and had no guarantee of success.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
What I had was a very particular set of engineering skills,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:00
skills I'd acquired over my career
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๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ๋œ ํŠน์ • ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:04
that were new to people who had been working on the air pollution problem
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ
05:08
for so many years.
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์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ด์˜จ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
What I have come to realize is that sometimes just one fresh perspective,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ํŠน์ • ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:14
one new skill set,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:15
can make the conditions right for something remarkable to happen.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:20
Our willpower and imagination are a guiding light,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
05:23
enabling us to chart new paths and navigate through obstacles.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Armed with a firmer understanding of the air pollution problem,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€
05:31
and having managed to source over a decade's worth of data
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๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ
05:35
on air pollutant levels
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”ํ•˜๋„ค์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜
05:36
and the meteorological conditions for in and around Johannesburg,
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๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์  ์ปจ๋””์…˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด
05:41
my colleagues from South Africa and China and myself
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์ €์™€ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
05:45
created an air-quality decision support system
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์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์†์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”
05:48
that lives in the cloud.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
This software system analyzes historical and real-time data
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์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:54
to uncover the spatial-temporal trends in pollution.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
We then used new machine learning technology
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:00
to predict future levels of pollution
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ
06:03
for several different pollutants days in advance.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
This means that citizens can make better decisions
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
06:10
about their daily movements
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๋งค์ผ ๋งค์ผ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:12
and about where to settle their families.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
We can predict adverse pollution events ahead of time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค์—ผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:18
identify heavy polluters,
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๊ณตํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์ƒ‰์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ
06:19
and they can be ordered by the relevant authorities
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด
06:22
to scale back their operations.
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ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Through assisted scenario planning,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
06:27
city planners can also make better decisions
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ
06:30
about how to extend infrastructure,
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์‚ฐ์—…์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„
06:32
such as human settlements or industrial zones.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
We completed a pilot of our technology
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ 120์ผ ๋™์•ˆ
06:38
that was run over a period of 120 days,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
06:42
covering all of South Africa.
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์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Our results were confirmed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€
06:47
when we demonstrated a tight correlation
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์‹ค์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€์˜
06:49
between the forecasting data
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์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
and the data we were getting on the ground.
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06:55
Through our leadership,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
06:57
we have brought cutting-edge, world-leading assets
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:01
that can perform air-quality forecasting
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์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
07:03
at an unprecedented resolution and accuracy,
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์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ก€์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
benefiting the city that I drove into one winter morning not very long ago,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ์•„์นจ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ
07:14
and thought to myself,
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๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
"Something is wrong here. I wonder what can be done?"
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ.'
07:20
So here is the point:
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์š”์ ์€
07:23
What if I'd not investigated the problem of air pollution further?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:28
What if I'd not shown some concern for the state of the environment
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์ €์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋น„์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:32
and just hoped that someone, somewhere, was taking care of the matter?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:37
What I have learned is that,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
when embarking on a challenging endeavor
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๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ
07:41
that advances a cause that we firmly believe in,
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋Œ€์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
07:44
it is important to focus on the possibility of success
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์˜
07:47
and consider the consequence of not acting.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
We should not get distracted by resistance and opposition,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๊ตดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
but this should motivate us further.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋•๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
So wherever you are in the world,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
08:02
the next time you find
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“ 
08:04
that there's some natural curiosity you have
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์ž๊พธ๋งŒ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
08:06
that is being piqued,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:08
and it's about something you care about,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:10
and you have some crazy or bold ideas,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋”๋ผ๋„
08:13
and perhaps it's outside the realm of your expertise,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
08:16
ask yourself this:
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:19
Why not?
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž!
08:22
Why not just go ahead and tackle the problem
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
08:24
as best as you can, in your own way?
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:27
You may be pleasantly surprised.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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