Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare

62,380 views

2013-07-02 惻 TED


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Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare

62,380 views 惻 2013-07-02

TED


ģ•„ėž˜ ģ˜ė¬øģžė§‰ģ„ ė”ėø”ķ“ė¦­ķ•˜ģ‹œė©“ ģ˜ģƒģ“ ģž¬ģƒė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.

ė²ˆģ—­: Sieun Lee ź²€ķ† : Tae Young Choi
ģ˜¤ėž˜ėœ ė†ė‹“ ķ•˜ė‚˜ź°€ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. ķ•œ ź²½ģ°°ģ“ ķ•œė°¤ģ¤‘ģ—
00:13
There's an old joke about a cop
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00:14
who's walking his beat in the middle of the night,
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ģˆœģ°°ģ„ ėŒė‹¤ź°€
00:16
and he comes across a guy under a street lamp
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ķ•œ ė‚Øģžź°€ ź°€ė”œė“± ģ•„ėž˜ģ„œ
ė•…ģ„ ė³“ė©° ģ™”ė‹¤ ź°”ė‹¤ ķ•˜ėŠ” ź±ø ė“¤ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:19
who's looking at the ground and moving from side to side,
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00:21
and the cop asks him what he's doing.
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ź²½ģ°°ģ“ ź·øģ—ź²Œ ė­˜ ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ¤‘ģ“ėƒź³  ė¬»ģž
00:23
The guys says he's looking for his keys.
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ź·øėŠ” ģžźø° ģ—“ģ‡ ė„¼ ģ°¾ėŠ” ģ¤‘ģ“ė¼ź³  ė‹µķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:25
So the cop takes his time
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ź²½ģ°°ģ“ ź°€ė˜ źøøģ„ ė©ˆģ¶”ź³ 
00:27
and looks over and kind of makes a little matrix
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ź·ø ź·¼ģ²˜ ė°”ė‹„ģ„ ģž‘ģ€ źµ¬ģ—­ė“¤ė”œ ė‚˜ėˆ 
00:29
and looks for about two, three minutes.
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2-3ė¶„ź°„ ģ°¾ģ•„ė³“ėŠ”ė°, ģ—“ģ‡ ź°€ ģ—†ėŠ”ź±°ģ—ģš”.
00:31
No keys.
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00:32
The cop says, "Are you sure?
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ź²½ģ°°ģ“ ė¬»ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. "ķ™•ģ‹¤ķ•©ė‹ˆź¹Œ? ģ“ė³“ģ„øģš”,
00:35
Hey buddy, are you sure you lost your keys here?"
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ģ—¬źø°ģ„œ ģ—“ģ‡ ė„¼ ģžƒģ–“ė²„ė¦°ź²Œ ķ™•ģ‹¤ķ•©ė‹ˆź¹Œ?"
00:37
And the guy says, "No, actually I lost them
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ź·øėž¬ė”ė‹ˆ ė‚Øģžź°€ ė‹µķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. "ģ•„ė‡Ø, ģ•„ė‹ˆģ—ģš”. ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ģ€
źøø ģ €ģŖ½ ėģ—ģ„œ ģžƒģ–“ė²„ė øėŠ”ė°
00:39
down at the other end of the street,
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ģ—¬źø°ź°€ ė” ė°ģž–ģ•„ģš”."
00:41
but the light is better here."
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00:42
(Laughter)
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00:46
There's a concept that people talk about nowadays called "big data."
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ģš”ģ¦˜ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ģ–˜źø°ķ•˜ėŠ”
ė¹… ė°ģ“ķ„°ė¼ėŠ” ź°œė…ģ€
00:49
And what they're talking about is all of the information
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ģøķ„°ė„·ģ„ ķ†µķ•œ ģƒķ˜ø ģž‘ģš©ģœ¼ė”œ
00:52
that we're generating through our interaction
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė§Œė“¤ģ–“ė‚“ėŠ” ėŖØė“  ģ •ė³“ė„¼ ģ¼ģ»«ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
00:54
with and over the Internet,
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00:55
everything from Facebook and Twitter
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ķŽ˜ģ“ģŠ¤ė¶ź³¼ ķŠøģœ„ķ„°,
ģŒģ•… ė‚“ė ¤ ė°›źø°, ģ˜ķ™”, ģŠ¤ķŠøė¦¬ė°, ė‹¤ė„ø ģ˜Øź°– ź²ƒė“¤,
00:57
to music downloads, movies, streaming, all this kind of stuff,
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01:01
the live streaming of TED.
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TEDģ˜ ģ‹¤ģ‹œź°„ ģŠ¤ķŠøė¦¬ė°ė„ ė§ˆģ°¬ź°€ģ§€ģ£ .
01:02
And the folks who work with big data, for them,
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ė¹… ė°ģ“ķ„°ė„¼ ė‹¤ė£ØėŠ” ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ€
01:05
they talk about that their biggest problem
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ź·øė“¤ģ˜ ź°€ģž„ ķ° ė¬øģ œź°€
01:07
is we have so much information.
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ģ •ė³“ź°€ ė„ˆė¬“ ė§Žģ€ ź²ƒģ“ė¼ź³  ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:09
The biggest problem is: how do we organize all that information?
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ģ“ ėŖØė“  ģ •ė³“ė„¼ ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ģ •ė¦¬ķ•  ź²ƒģøģ§€ź°€ ź°€ģž„ ė¬øģ œė¼ėŠ” ź±°ģ£ .
ģ œź°€ ė§ģ”€ ė“œė¦“ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”ź±“, źµ­ģ œ ė³“ź±“ģ—ģ„œ ė§Œķ¼ģ€
01:13
I can tell you that, working in global health,
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01:15
that is not our biggest problem.
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ź·øź²Œ ģ œģ¼ ķ° ė¬øģ œź°€ ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:18
Because for us, even though the light is better on the Internet,
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ģ™œėƒķ•˜ė©“ ģøķ„°ė„·ģ˜ ė¶ˆģ“
ė°ź²Œ ė¹›ė‚œė‹¤ķ•“ė„
01:22
the data that would help us solve the problems we're trying to solve
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źµ­ģ œ ė³“ź±“ģ—ģ„œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•“ź²°ķ•˜ė ¤ėŠ” ė¬øģ œė“¤ģ—
ė„ģ›€ģ“ ė  ģ •ė³“ėŠ” ģøķ„°ė„·ģ— ģ”“ģž¬ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•Šźø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:26
is not actually present on the Internet.
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01:28
So we don't know, for example,
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ģ˜ˆė„¼ ė“¤ė©“ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ķ˜„ģž¬
01:30
how many people right now are being affected by disasters
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ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ė§Žģ€ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“
ģžģ—° ģž¬ķ•“ė‚˜ ė¶„ģŸ ģƒķ™©ģœ¼ė”œ ģ˜ķ–„ģ„ ė°›ź³  ģžˆėŠ”ģ§€ ėŖØė¦…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:33
or by conflict situations.
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01:35
We don't know for, really, basically, any of the clinics
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ź°œė°œė„ģƒźµ­ė“¤ģ˜ ė³‘ģ› ģ¤‘
01:39
in the developing world,
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ģ–“ėŠ ė³‘ģ›ģ— ģ•½ģ“ ģžˆź³ 
01:40
which ones have medicines and which ones don't.
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ģ–“ėŠ ė³‘ģ›ģ— ģ•½ģ“ ģ—†ėŠ”ģ§€ė„ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
01:42
We have no idea of what the supply chain is for those clinics.
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ģ“ ė³‘ģ›ė“¤ģ— ģ–“ė–¤ ģ‹ģœ¼ė”œ ģ•½ģ“ ź³µźø‰ė˜ėŠ”ģ§€ė„ ģ „ķ˜€ ėŖØė„“ģ£ .
ģ œź°€ ė” ė†€ėžź²Œ ģƒź°ķ•˜ėŠ” ź±“
01:46
We don't know -- and this is really amazing to me -- we don't know
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ķ˜„ģž¬ ė³¼ė¦¬ė¹„ģ•„ė‚˜
01:49
how many children were born -- or how many children there are --
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ė³“ģø ģ™€ė‚˜ė‚˜ ė¶€ķƒ„ź°™ģ€ ź³³ģ—
01:53
in Bolivia or Botswana or Bhutan.
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ėŖ‡ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģžˆź³  ėŖ‡ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ķƒœģ–“ė‚˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ėŖØė„øė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ėŸ° ė‚˜ė¼ė“¤ģ—ģ„œėŠ”
01:58
We don't know how many kids died last week
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ģ§€ė‚œ ģ£¼ ėŖ‡ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ‚¬ė§ķ–ˆėŠ”ģ§€ė„ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:00
in any of those countries.
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02:01
We don't know the needs of the elderly, the mentally ill.
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ė…øė ¹ ģøźµ¬ė‚˜ ģ •ģ‹  ģ§ˆķ™˜ ģøźµ¬ģ— ķ•„ģš”ķ•œ ģš”źµ¬ź°€ ė¬“ģ—‡ģøģ§€ė„ ėŖØė¦…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:04
For all of these different critically important problems
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ź²°ģ •ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ¤‘ģš”ķ•œ ģ“ ėŖØė“  ė¬øģ œė“¤
02:07
or critically important areas that we want to solve problems in,
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ķ˜¹ģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ķ•“ź²°ķ•˜ėŠ”ė° ģžˆģ–“ ź²°ģ •ģ ģø ģ§€ģ—­ė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“
ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” źø°ė³øģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ•„ė¬“ź²ƒė„ ėŖØė¦…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:11
we basically know nothing at all.
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02:15
And part of the reason why we don't know anything at all
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ•„ė¬“ź²ƒė„ ėŖØė„“ėŠ” ģ“ģœ  ģ¤‘ ķ•˜ė‚˜ėŠ”
02:18
is that the information technology systems that we use in global health
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źµ­ģ œ ė³“ź±“ź³„ź°€ ė¬øģ œ ķ•“ź²°ģ„ ģœ„ķ•“
ģžė£Œė„¼ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•  ė•Œ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ •ė³“ źø°ģˆ  ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ“
02:22
to find the data to solve these problems is what you see here.
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ģ—¬źø° ė³“ģ‹œėŠ” ė°”ė”œ ģ“ź²ƒģ“źø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:27
This is about a 5,000-year-old technology.
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ģ•½ 5,000ė…„ ģ „ģ— ź³ ģ•ˆėœ źø°ģˆ ģ“ģ£ .
02:29
Some of you may have used it before.
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ģ—¬ėŸ¬ė¶„ ģ¤‘ ėŖ‡ė¶„ė„ ģ „ģ— ģØ ė³“ģ…Øģ„ģ§€ ėŖØė„“ź² ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ģ œėŠ” źµ¬ģ‹ģ“ ė˜ź°€ėŠ” ė°©ė²•ģ“ģ§€ė§Œ
02:31
It's kind of on its way out now,
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02:32
but we still use it for 99 percent of our stuff.
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ģ €ķ¬ź°€ ź°€ģ§„ ģ •ė³“ėŠ” 99 ķ¼ģ„¼ķŠøź°€ ģ—¬ģ „ķžˆ ģ“ėŸ° ķ˜•ķƒœģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ė°”ė”œ ģ¢…ģ“ ė¬øģ„œģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ķ™”ė©“ģ— ė³“ģ‹œėŠ” ģ“ź²ƒģ€
02:35
This is a paper form.
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02:38
And what you're looking at is a paper form
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ģøė„ė„¤ģ‹œģ•„ģ˜ ģ‹œź³Øģ„ ėŒģ•„ė‹¤ė‹ˆėŠ”
02:40
in the hand of a Ministry of Health nurse in Indonesia,
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ģøė„ė„¤ģ‹œģ•„ ė³“ź±“ė¶€ ź°„ķ˜øģ‚¬ģ˜ ģ†ģ— ė“¤ė¦° ģ¢…ģ“ ė¬øģ„œ ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
02:43
who is tramping out across the countryside
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02:45
in Indonesia on, I'm sure, a very hot and humid day,
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ė¶„ėŖ… ģ•„ģ£¼ ė„ź³  ģŠµķ•œ ė‚ ģ“ź² ģ£ .
02:49
and she is going to be knocking on thousands of doors
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ģ“ ź°„ķ˜øģ‚¬ėŠ” ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ģˆ˜ģ£¼ ķ˜¹ģ€ ģˆ˜ź°œģ›”ź°„
02:51
over a period of weeks or months,
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ģˆ˜ģ²œź°œģ˜ ė¬øģ„ ė‘ė“œė¦“ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ė§ķ•˜ė©“ģ„œģš”. "ģ£„ģ†”ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤ė§Œ,
02:54
knocking on the doors and saying,
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02:55
"Excuse me, we'd like to ask you some questions.
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ėŖ‡ź°€ģ§€ ģ§ˆė¬øģ„ ė“œė¦¬ź³  ģ‹¶ģ€ė°ģš”.
02:58
Do you have any children? Were your children vaccinated?"
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ģ•„ģ“ź°€ ģžˆģœ¼ģ‹ ź°€ģš”? ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢…ģ„ ķ–ˆė‚˜ģš”?"
03:02
Because the only way we can actually find out
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ģ™œėƒķ•˜ė©“ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ
ėŖ‡ėŖ…ģ˜ ģøė„ė„¤ģ‹œģ•„ ģ‹œź³Ø ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢…ģ„ ė°›ģ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€
03:04
how many children were vaccinated in the country of Indonesia,
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ėŖ‡ ķ¼ģ„¼ķŠøź°€ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢…ģ„ ė°›ģ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ģ•Œ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ė°©ė²•ģ€
03:07
what percentage were vaccinated,
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03:08
is actually not on the Internet, but by going out and knocking on doors,
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ģøķ„°ė„·ģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼ ģ§‘ģ§‘ė§ˆė‹¤ ģ°¾ģ•„ė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“źø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ–“ė–¤ ė•ŒėŠ” ģˆ˜ė§Œ ź°€źµ¬ė„¼ ė°©ė¬øķ•˜ź³ 
03:13
sometimes tens of thousands of doors.
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03:15
Sometimes it takes months to even years to do something like this.
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ģ–“ė–¤ ė•ŒėŠ” ģˆ˜ź°œģ›” ģ‹¬ģ§€ģ–“ ģˆ˜ė…„ģ“ ź±øė¦½ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ģ •ė³“ė„¼ ėŖØģœ¼źø° ģœ„ķ•“ģ„œėŠ”ģš”.
03:19
You know, a census of Indonesia
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ģøė„ė„¤ģ‹œģ•„ģ—ģ„œ ģøźµ¬ ģ”°ģ‚¬ė„¼ ķ•˜ė ¤ė©“
03:21
would probably take two years to accomplish.
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ģ•„ė§ˆ ģ•½ 2ė…„ģ“ ź±øė¦“ź±°ģ—ģš”.
03:23
And the problem, of course, with all of this
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ģ“ ėŖØė“  ź²ƒģ—ģ„œ ė¬øģ œėŠ” ė‹¹ģ—°ķžˆ ė­˜ź¹Œģš”.
03:25
is that, with all those paper forms --
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ģ¢…ģ“ ė¬øģ„œģ˜ ė¬øģ œģš”.
03:27
and I'm telling you, we have paper forms for every possible thing:
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź² ģ˜Øź°– ģ¢…ģ“ ė¬øģ„œź°€ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢… ģ”°ģ‚¬ģ§€
03:30
We have paper forms for vaccination surveys.
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03:32
We have paper forms to track people who come into clinics.
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ė³‘ģ›ģ— ģ˜¤ėŠ” ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ„ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•œ ģ”°ģ‚¬ ģš©ģ§€
03:36
We have paper forms to track drug supplies, blood supplies --
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ģ•½ģ“ė‚˜ ķ˜ˆģ•” ź³µźø‰ ģ²“ź³„ė„¼ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•œ ģ„œė„˜,
ģ˜Øź°– ģ¢…ģ“ ģ„œė„˜ź°€
03:40
all these different paper forms for many different topics,
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ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ģ£¼ģ œ ģ•„ėž˜ ģ”“ģž¬ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:43
they all have a single, common endpoint,
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ģ“ ėŖØė“  ģ„œė„˜ėŠ” ź²°źµ­ ķ•œ ģ¢…ģ ģ— ėŖØģ“ź²Œ ė˜ėŠ”ė°
03:45
and the common endpoint looks something like this.
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ź·ø ģ¢…ģ ģ€ ķ”ķžˆ ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ģƒź²¼ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
03:48
And what we're looking at here is a truckful of data.
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ģ—¬źø° ė³“ģ‹œėŠ” ź²ƒģ€ ķŠøėŸ­ ķ•˜ė‚˜ė„¼ ź°€ė“ ģ±„ģš“ ģžė£Œģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ ģžė£ŒėŠ” ģ œź°€ ėŖ‡ ė…„ģ „ ģ°øź°€ķ•œ
03:53
This is the data from a single vaccination coverage survey
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03:57
in a single district in the country of Zambia
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ģž ė¹„ģ•„ģ˜ ķ•œ źµ¬ģ—­ģ—ģ„œ ķ–‰ķ–ˆė˜
03:59
from a few years ago, that I participated in.
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ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢… ķ˜„ķ™© ģ”°ģ‚¬ ė‚“ģš©ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:01
The only thing anyone was trying to find out
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ•Œź³  ģ‹¶ģ—ˆė˜ ź±“ ė‹Øģ§€
04:04
is what percentage of Zambian children are vaccinated,
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ģž ė¹„ģ•„ ģ•„ė™ģ˜ ėŖ‡ ķ¼ģ„¼ķŠøź°€ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢…ģ„ ė°›ģ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ģ˜€ģ„ ėæģ“ģ—ˆėŠ”ė°ģš”.
04:07
and this is the data, collected on paper over weeks,
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ģ“ź²Œ ė°”ė”œ ź·ø ģžė£Œė„¼ ģˆ˜ģ£¼ė™ģ•ˆ ģ¢…ģ“ ģ„œģ‹ģ„ ģ“ģš©ķ•“
04:10
from a single district,
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ķ•œ źµ¬ģ—­ģ—ģ„œ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•œ ź²°ź³¼ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:11
which is something like a county in the United States.
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ģ—¬źø°ģ„œ źµ¬ģ—­ģ€ ėÆøźµ­ģ˜ ģ¹“ģš“ķ‹° ź°™ģ€ ź°œė…ģøė°ģš”.
04:14
You can imagine that, for the entire country of Zambia,
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ź·øė ‡ė‹¤ė©“ ģž ė¹„ģ•„ ģ „ģ—­ģ—ģ„œ
ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢… ķ˜„ķ™© ķ•˜ė‚˜ė§Œ ģ”°ģ‚¬ķ•˜ė ¤ź³  ķ•“ė„
04:17
answering just that single question ...
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04:20
looks something like this.
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ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ė  ź±°ė¼ėŠ” ź±“ ģƒģƒģ“ ź°€ģ‹œź² ģ£ .
ķŠøėŸ­, ķŠøėŸ­, ė˜ ķŠøėŸ­ģ“
04:23
Truck after truck after truck,
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ė¬“ė”źø°, ė¬“ė”źø°, ė˜ ė¬“ė”źø°ģ˜ ģžė£Œė”œ ź½‰ ģ°Øģžˆģ„ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:25
filled with stack after stack after stack of data.
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04:28
And what makes it even worse is that's just the beginning.
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ź·øėŸ°ė° ģ“ź²Œ ėģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ—ģš”.
ģ“ź±“ ė‹Øģ§€ ģ‹œģž‘ģ¼ ėæģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:31
Because once you've collected all that data,
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ģ™œėƒķ•˜ė©“ ģ“ ėŖØė“  ė°ģ“ķ„°ė„¼ ėŖØģœ¼ź³  ė‚œ ķ›„ģ—ėŠ”
04:33
of course, someone -- some unfortunate person --
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ģ–“ė–¤ ģš“ ė‚˜ģœ ģ‚¬ėžŒģ“
ģ“ ģžė£Œė„¼ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ģ‹œģ¼œģ•¼ ķ• ķ…Œė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
04:36
is going to have to type that into a computer.
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04:38
When I was a graduate student,
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ģ‹¤ģ€ ģ œź°€ ėŒ€ķ•™ģ›ģƒģ“ģ—ˆģ„ ė•Œ
04:40
I actually was that unfortunate person sometimes.
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ģ¢…ģ¢… ź·ø ģš“ ė‚˜ģœ ģ‚¬ėžŒģ“ ė˜ź³¤ ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
04:42
I can tell you, I often wasn't really paying attention.
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ €ėŠ” ģžģ£¼ ė”“ģ²­ģ„ ķ”¼ģ› ģ–“ģš”.
04:45
I probably made a lot of mistakes when I did it
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ģ•„ė§ˆ ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ģž…ė „ ģ˜¤ė„˜ź°€ ģžˆģ—ˆģ„ķ…Œź³ 
04:47
that no one ever discovered, so data quality goes down.
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ģ•„ė¬“ė„ ė°œź²¬ķ•˜ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ–ˆģ„ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤. ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ģžė£Œģ˜ ģ§ˆģ“ ė–Øģ–“ģ§€ź²Œ ė˜ģ£ .
04:50
But eventually that data, hopefully, gets typed into a computer,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ź²°źµ­ ģ–“ė–»ź²Œģ„œė“  ģžė£Œź°€ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ė˜ė©“
04:53
and someone can begin to analyze it,
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ėˆ„źµ°ź°€ź°€ ź·ø ģžė£Œė„¼ ė¶„ģ„ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆź³ 
04:55
and once they have an analysis and a report,
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ė¶„ģ„ ź²°ź³¼ģ™€ ė³“ź³ ģ„œź°€ ė‚˜ģ˜¤ė©“
ģžė£Œ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ģ˜ ź²°ź³¼ė”œ
04:58
hopefully, then you can take the results of that data collection
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05:01
and use it to vaccinate children better.
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ģž˜ķ•˜ė©“ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ˜ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢…ģ„ ź°œģ„ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ„ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:03
Because if there's anything worse in the field of global public health --
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ģ„øź³„ ė³“ź±“ģ˜ ź“€ģ ģ—ģ„œ ė“¤ģ„ ė•Œ
ģ“ ģ§€źµ¬ģƒģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“
05:08
I don't know what's worse than allowing children on this planet
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ė°±ģ‹ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ˜ˆė°© ź°€ėŠ„ķ•œ ģ§ˆė³‘ģœ¼ė”œ ģ£½ģ–“ź°€ėŠ” ź²ƒė³“ė‹¤
05:11
to die of vaccine-preventable diseases --
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ė” ė‚˜ģœ ģ¼ģ“ ģ–“ė”Øģ„ź¹Œģš”.
05:14
diseases for which the vaccine costs a dollar.
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ź³ ģž‘ 1ė‹¬ėŸ¬ė°–ģ— ģ•ˆķ•˜ėŠ” ė°±ģ‹ ģøė° ė§ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:17
And millions of children die of these diseases every year.
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ė§¤ė…„ ģˆ˜ė°±ė§ŒėŖ…ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ“ėŸ° ģ§ˆė³‘ģœ¼ė”œ ģ‚¬ė§ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ‚¬ģ‹¤ 'ģˆ˜ė°±ė§ŒėŖ…' ģ€ ģ–“ė¦¼ģ§ģž‘ģ¼ ėæ
05:21
And the fact is, millions is a gross estimate,
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05:24
because we don't really know how many kids die each year of this.
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ģ‹¤ģ œė”œėŠ” ė§¤ė…„ ėŖ‡ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ“ėŸ° ģ§ˆė³‘ģœ¼ė”œ ģ‚¬ė§ķ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ėŖØė„øė‹¤ėŠ” ź²Œ ķ˜„ģ‹¤ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:27
What makes it even more frustrating is that the data-entry part,
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ź·øė³“ė‹¤ ė” ė‹µė‹µķ•œ ź±“
ģ œź°€ ėŒ€ķ•™ģ›ģƒė•Œ ķ–ˆė‹¤ź³  ķ•œ ź·ø ģžė£Œ ģž…ė „ė§Œ ķ•“ė„
05:31
the part that I used to do as a grad student,
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ģ–“ė–¤ ė•ŒėŠ” 6ź°œģ›”ģ“ ź±øė¦°ė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:33
can take sometimes six months.
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05:34
Sometimes it can take two years to type that information into a computer,
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ģ–“ė–¤ ė•ŒėŠ” ģ •ė³“ė„¼ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ģ‹œķ‚¤ėŠ”ė°ė§Œ
2ė…„ģ“ ź±øė¦¬ź³ , ź·øė¦¬ź³  ģ–“ė–¤ ė•ŒėŠ”, ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ė“œė¬¼ģ§€ ģ•Šź²Œ
05:38
And sometimes, actually not infrequently,
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05:40
it actually never happens.
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ģˆ˜ģ§‘ėœ ģžė£Œź°€ ģ•„ģ˜ˆ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ė˜ģ§€ ģ•Šźø°ė„ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
05:42
Now try and wrap your head around that for a second.
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ģž ź¹ ģ—¬źø°ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ķ•œė²ˆ ģƒź°ķ•“ė³“ģ„øģš”.
05:44
You just had teams of hundreds of people.
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ģ—¬ėŸ¬ė¶„ģ“ ģˆ˜ė°±ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ„ ėŖØģ§‘ķ•“
05:47
They went out into the field to answer a particular question.
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ķ˜„ģž„ģ— ė³“ė‚“ģ„œ ģ–“ė–¤ ķŠ¹ģ • ģ§ˆė¬øģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģ”°ģ‚¬ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ•„ė§ˆ ģˆ˜ģ‹­ė§Œ ė‹¬ėŸ¬ė„¼ ė“¤ģ—¬
05:50
You probably spent hundreds of thousands of dollars
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źø°ė¦„ź°’, ė³µģ‚¬ė¹„, ģ¼ė‹¹ģ„ ģ¶©ė‹¹ķ•˜ź² ģ£ .
05:52
on fuel and photocopying and per diem.
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ź·øėŸ¬ė‹¤ ģ–“ė–¤ ģ“ģœ ė”œ ģ¼ ģ§„ķ–‰ģ˜ ķƒ„ė „ģ“ ė–Øģ–“ģ§€ź±°ė‚˜
05:56
And then for some reason, momentum is lost
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05:58
or there's no money left,
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ģžźøˆģ“ ė™ė‚˜ģ„œ
05:59
and all of that comes to nothing,
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ź·ø ėŖØė“  ė…øė „ģ“ ė¬¼ź±°ķ’ˆģ“ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:01
because no one actually types it into the computer at all.
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ģžė£Œź°€ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ė˜ģ§€ ģ•Šźø° ė•Œė¬øģ—ģš”.
06:04
The process just stops.
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ź±°źø°ģ„œ ėė‚˜ėŠ” ź±°ģ—ģš”. ėŠ˜ģƒ ģžˆėŠ” ģ¼ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:05
Happens all the time.
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06:07
This is what we base our decisions on in global health:
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ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ„øź³„ ė³“ź±“ģ— ź“€ķ•“ ź²°ģ •ģ„ ė‚“ė¦“ ė•Œ
06:10
little data, old data, no data.
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ģ ģ€ģžė£Œ, ģ˜¤ėž˜ėœ ģžė£Œ, ķ˜¹ģ€ ģžė£Œ ģ—†ģ“ ź²°ģ •ķ•˜ź²Œ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:15
So back in 1995,
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ģ €ėŠ” 1995ė…„ė¶€ķ„° ģ“ ź³¼ģ •ģ„ ź°œģ„ ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•œ
06:17
I began to think about ways in which we could improve this process.
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ė°©ė²•ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģƒź°ķ•˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:20
Now 1995 -- obviously, that was quite a long time ago.
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1995ė…„, ķ™•ģ‹¤ķžˆ ģ§€źøˆģœ¼ė”œė¶€ķ„° ģƒė‹¹ķžˆ ģ˜¤ėž˜ ģ „ģ“ģ£ .
06:23
It kind of frightens me to think of how long ago that was.
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ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ģ˜¤ėž˜ģ „ģøģ§€ ģƒź°ķ•˜ė‹ˆ ģ™ ģ§€ ė¬“ģ„­ė„¤ģš”.
ź·ø ķ•“ ģµœź³ ģ˜ ģ˜ķ™”ėŠ”
06:26
The top movie of the year was "Die Hard with a Vengeance."
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"ė‹¤ģ“ ķ•˜ė“œ 3" ģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ė³“ģ‹œė‹¤ģ‹œķ”¼ ė‹¹ģ‹œģ˜ ėøŒė£ØģŠ¤ ģœŒė¦¬ģŠ¤ėŠ” ķ›Øģ”¬ ķ’ģ„±ķ•œ ėŖØė°œģ„ ź°–ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆģ£ .
06:29
As you can see, Bruce Willis had a lot more hair back then.
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06:31
I was working in the Centers for Disease Control
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ģ €ėŠ” ė‹¹ģ‹œ ģ§ˆė³‘ ź“€ė¦¬ ģ„¼ķ„°ģ—ģ„œ ģ¼ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆėŠ”ė°
06:34
and I had a lot more hair back then as well.
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ģ €ė„ ź·øė•ŒėŠ” ėØøė¦¬ģ¹“ė½ģ“ ķ›Øģ”¬ ė§Žģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:37
But to me, the most significant thing that I saw in 1995
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ œź°€ 1995ė…„ģ— ė³ø ź²ƒ ģ¤‘ ź°€ģž„ ģ¤‘ģš”ķ–ˆė˜ ź±“
06:40
was this.
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ė°”ė”œ ģ“ź²ƒģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ§€źøˆģ˜ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģƒģƒķ•˜źø° ķž˜ė“¤ģ§€ė§Œ, 1995ė…„ģ—ėŠ”
06:42
Hard for us to imagine, but in 1995,
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06:44
this was the ultimate elite mobile device.
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ģ“ź²Œ ź¶ź·¹ģ˜ ģµœź³ źø‰ ė¬“ģ„  źø°źø°ģ˜€ģ–“ģš”.
06:48
It wasn't an iPhone. It wasn't a Galaxy phone.
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ė§žģ£ ? ģ•„ģ“ķ°ė„ ģ•„ė‹ˆź³  ź°¤ėŸ­ģ‹œė„ ģ•„ė‹Œ
06:50
It was a PalmPilot.
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ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
06:52
And when I saw the PalmPilot for the first time, I thought,
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ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģ„ ģ²˜ģŒ ė³ø ģˆœź°„, ģ €ėŠ”
06:55
"Why can't we put the forms on these PalmPilots?
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'ģ“ ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģ— ģ„œģ‹ģ„ ģ €ģž„ķ•˜ė©“ ģ–“ė–Øź¹Œ?
06:58
And go out into the field just carrying one PalmPilot,
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ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæ ķ•˜ė‚˜ė§Œ ė“¤ź³  ķ˜„ģž„ģ— ė‚˜ź°€ė©“
ģˆ˜ė§Œģž„ģ˜ ė¬øģ„œė„¼ ģ—¬źø°ģ— ģ €ģž„ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”ė°,
07:01
which can hold the capacity of tens of thousands of paper forms?
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ģ“ź±ø ģ‹œė„ķ•“ė³“ė©“ ģ–“ė–Øź¹Œ?' ķ•˜ź³  ģƒź°ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:05
Why don't we try to do that?
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07:06
Because if we can do that,
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ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆė‹¤ė©“
07:07
if we can actually just collect the data electronically, digitally,
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ģ •ė§ ģ•„ģ˜ˆ ģ²˜ģŒė¶€ķ„° ė°ģ“ķ„°ė„¼
07:11
from the very beginning,
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ė””ģ§€ķ„ø ķ˜•ģ‹ģœ¼ė”œ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆė‹¤ė©“
07:13
we can just put a shortcut right through that whole process
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ėˆ„źµ°ź°€ź°€ ė¬øģ„œ ė‚“ģš©ģ„
07:16
of typing, of having somebody type that stuff into the computer.
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ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģž…ė „ķ•“ ģ˜®ź²Øģ•¼ ķ•˜ėŠ”
ź³¼ģ • ģžģ²“ė„¼ ģ—†ģ• ź³ 
07:21
We can skip straight to the analysis
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ė°”ė”œ ė¶„ģ„ģœ¼ė”œ ė“¤ģ–“ź°€ģ„œ
07:23
and then straight to the use of the data to actually save lives."
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ė°ģ“ķ„°ė„¼ ź·øėŒ€ė”œ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•“ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ˜ ģƒėŖ…ģ„ źµ¬ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ„ķ…Œė‹ˆź¹Œģš”.
07:26
So that's what I began to do.
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ģ „ ź·ø ģ¼ģ„ ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:29
Working at CDC, I began to travel to different programs around the world
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ģ§ˆė³‘ ź“€ė¦¬ ė³øė¶€ģ—ģ„œ ģ¼ķ•˜ė©“ģ„œ ģ„øź³„ ź³³ź³³ģ˜ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ė°©ė¬øķ•“
ģ¢…ģ“ ėŒ€ģ‹  ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģœ¼ė”œ
07:33
and to train them in using PalmPilots to do data collection,
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ė°ģ“ķ„°ė„¼ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•˜ėŠ” ė²•ģ„ ź°€ė„“ģ¹˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģ–“ģš”.
07:37
instead of using paper.
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07:39
And it actually worked great.
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ģ‹¤ģ œė”œ ģ¢‹ģ€ ź²°ź³¼ź°€ ė‚˜ģ™”ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:41
It worked exactly as well as anybody would have predicted.
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ėˆ„źµ¬ė“  ģ˜ˆģø”ķ• ė§Œķ•œ ė°©ģ‹ģœ¼ė”œ ģž˜ ė˜ģ—ˆģ–“ģš”.
ģ„øģƒģ—, ė””ģ§€ķ„ø ė°ģ“ķ„° ģˆ˜ģ§‘ģ“
07:44
What do you know?
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07:45
Digital data collection is actually more efficient than collecting on paper.
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ģ¢…ģ“ė„¼ ģ“°ėŠ” ź²ƒė³“ė‹¤ ė” ķšØź³¼ģ ģ“ģž–ģ•„ģš”?
ģ§€źøˆ ģ“ ź°•ģ—°ģ— ė‚ØķŽø ė§¤ķŠœģ™€ ķ•Øź»˜ ģ™€ ģžˆėŠ”
07:49
While I was doing it, my business partner,
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ģ €ģ˜ ģ‚¬ģ—… ė™ģ—…ģž ė”œģ¦ˆėŠ”
07:51
Rose, who's here with her husband, Matthew, here in the audience,
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ģ œź°€ ź·ø ģ¼ģ„ ķ•˜ėŠ” ė™ģ•ˆ ėÆøźµ­ ģ ģ‹­ģžģ‚¬ģ—ģ„œ ė¹„ģŠ·ķ•œ ģ¼ģ„ ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆģ£ .
07:54
Rose was out doing similar stuff for the American Red Cross.
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ź·øėŸ°ė° ģ €ėŠ” ģ“ ģ¼ģ„ ģˆ˜ė…„ź°„ ķ•˜ė‹¤ź°€
07:57
The problem was, after a few years of doing that,
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ė¬øģ œź°€ ģžˆģŒģ„ ź¹Øė‹¬ģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
07:59
I realized -- I had been to maybe six or seven programs --
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ź·ø ģˆ˜ė…„ź°„ ģ €ėŠ” ģ•„ė§ˆ ģ—¬ė‹ź³± ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ė°©ė¬øķ–ˆėŠ”ė°
08:03
and I thought, you know, if I keep this up at this pace,
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ģ“ ģ†ė„ė¼ė©“ ģ œ ķ‰ģƒ ģ¼ķ•˜ė©“ģ„œ
08:06
over my whole career,
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ģ•„ė§ˆ 20ź°œģ—ģ„œ 30ź°œ ģ •ė„ģ˜
08:07
maybe I'm going to go to maybe 20 or 30 programs.
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ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ė°©ė¬øķ•  ģƒķ™©ģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:10
But the problem is, 20 or 30 programs,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ė¬øģ œėŠ”, 20ģ—ģ„œ 30ź°œģ˜ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØ,
08:13
like, training 20 or 30 programs to use this technology,
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ė‹Ø 20ģ—ģ„œ 30ź°œģ˜ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ—ģ„œ ģ“ėŸ° źø°ģˆ ģ„ ķ›ˆė Øģ‹œķ‚¤ėŠ” ź±“
08:16
that is a tiny drop in the bucket.
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ģ •ė§ ģƒˆė°œģ˜ ķ”¼ģ¼ ėæģ“ģ—ˆģ–“ģš”.
ź°œė°œė„ģƒźµ­ģ—ģ„œ ģ“ėŸ° źø°ģˆ ģ— ėŒ€ķ•œ ģš”źµ¬,
08:19
The demand for this, the need for data to run better programs
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08:22
just within health -- not to mention all of the other fields
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ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ķ–„ģƒģ‹œķ‚¤źø° ģœ„ķ•œ ė°ģ“ķ„°ģ˜ ķ•„ģš”ģ„±ģ€
08:25
in developing countries -- is enormous.
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ė‹¤ė„ø ė¶„ģ•¼ėŠ” ź³ ģ‚¬ķ•˜ź³  ė³“ź±“ ė¶„ģ•¼ė§Œ ķ•“ė„ ģ—„ģ²­ė‚¬ģ–“ģš”.
08:27
There are millions and millions and millions of programs,
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ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØė“¤ģ“ ģ§„ķ–‰ģ¤‘ģ“ź³ 
08:31
millions of clinics that need to track drugs,
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ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ė³‘ģ›ė“¤ģ“ ģ•½ģ˜ ģ‚¬ģš©ź³¼
08:34
millions of vaccine programs.
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ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ģ˜ˆė°© ģ ‘ģ¢… ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ģ¶”ģ ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:35
There are schools that need to track attendance.
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ģ¶œģ„ė„ ģ„ ģ”°ģ‚¬ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•˜ėŠ” ķ•™źµė“¤ģ€ ģ–“ė–»ģŠµė‹ˆź¹Œ.
ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•“ģ•¼ ķ•˜ėŠ” ģˆ˜ė§Žģ€ ģ¼ė“¤ ģ¤‘
08:38
There are all these different things for us to get the data that we need to do.
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ģžė£Œ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ģ“ ķ•„ģš”ķ•œ ģ¼ė“¤ģ“ ģ“ė ‡ź²Œ ė§Žģ€ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ €ėŠ” ģ œź°€ ģ“ ģ†ė„ė”œ ģ¼ķ•˜ė©“
08:42
And I realized if I kept up the way that I was doing,
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08:46
I was basically hardly going to make any impact
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ģ œź°€ ģ€ķ‡“ķ•  ė•Œ ģƤ ė‚Øģ„ ģ˜ķ–„ģ€
ģ•„ģ£¼ ėÆøėÆøķ•  ź²ƒģ“ė¼ėŠ” ź±ø ź¹Øė‹¬ģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
08:50
by the end of my career.
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08:51
And so I began to rack my brain,
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ģ €ėŠ” ģƒź°ķ•˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģ–“ģš”.
08:53
trying to think about, what was the process that I was doing?
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ģ œź°€ ģ§€źøˆ ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ” ģ¼ģ“ ė¬“ģ—‡ģ“ź³ 
ģ œź°€ ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ„ ķ›ˆė Øģ‹œķ‚¤ź³ 
08:56
How was I training folks,
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ė¬øģ œģ ė“¤ģ€ ė¬“ģ—‡ģ“ė©°
08:57
and what were the bottlenecks and what were the obstacles
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ģ†ė„ź°€ ė” ė¹Øė¼ģ§€ģ§€ ģ•ŠėŠ” ģ“ģœ ėŠ” ė¬“ģ—‡ģøģ§€
09:01
to doing it faster and to doing it more efficiently?
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ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ķ•˜ė©“ ė” ķšØģœØģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ¼ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”ģ§€ė„¼ģš”.
09:03
And, unfortunately, after thinking about this for some time,
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ģ“ź²ƒė“¤ģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ķ•œė™ģ•ˆ ģƒź°ķ•œ ė’¤ ģ €ėŠ” ė¶ˆķ–‰ķžˆė„
09:06
I identified the main obstacle.
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ź°€ģž„ ģ¤‘ėŒ€ķ•œ ģž„ģ• ė¬¼ģ„ ķŒŒģ•…ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:10
And the main obstacle, it turned out --
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ź·ø ģž„ģ• ė¬¼ģ€
09:12
and this is a sad realization --
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ģŠ¬ķ”ˆ ź¹Øė‹¬ģŒģ“ģ—ˆģ§€ė§Œ
ė°”ė”œ ģ œ ģžģ‹ ģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:14
the main obstacle was me.
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09:16
So what do I mean by that?
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ģ“ź²Œ ė¬“ģŠØ ė§ģ¼ź¹Œģš”?
09:18
I had developed a process
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ģ œź°€ ź³ ģ•ˆķ•œ źø°ģˆ  ė°°ķ¬ ź³¼ģ •ģ—ģ„œ
09:20
whereby I was the center of the universe of this technology.
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ģ“ źø°ģˆ ģ˜ ģ¤‘ģ‹¬ģ€ ė°”ė”œ ģ œ ģžģ‹ ģ“ģ—ˆė‹¤ėŠ” ė§ģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ źø°ģˆ ģ„ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•˜ė ¤ė©“ ģ¼ė‹Ø ģ €ģ™€ ģ—°ė½ģ“ ė˜ģ–“ģ•¼ ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:26
If you wanted to use this technology, you had to get in touch with me.
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ź·ø ģ „ģ— ģ €ėž€ ģ‚¬ėžŒģ“ ģ”“ģž¬ķ•œė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ƒė¶€ķ„° ģ•Œģ•„ģ•¼ ķ–ˆģ£ .
09:29
That means you had to know I existed.
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ź·ø ė‹¤ģŒģ—” ģ œź°€ ź·øź³³ģ— ģ°¾ģ•„ź°ˆ ģˆ˜ ģžˆė„ė”
09:31
Then you had to find the money to pay for me to fly out to your country
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ģ œź²Œ ė¹„ķ–‰źø° ģ‚Æź³¼
ķ˜øķ…”ė¹„ģ™€
09:34
and the money to pay for my hotel and my per diem and my daily rate.
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ģ‹ė¹„ģ™€ ģ¼ė‹¹ģ„ ģ§€ė¶ˆķ•  ģžźøˆė„ ģžˆģ–“ģ•¼ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:38
So you could be talking about 10- or 20- or 30,000 dollars,
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ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ė§Œ, ģ“ė§Œ, ģ‚¼ė§Œ ė‹¬ėŸ¬ź°€ ķ•„ģš”ķ•œė°
09:41
if I actually had the time or it fit my schedule
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ź·øź²ƒė„ ģ œź°€ ģ‹œź°„ģ“ ģžˆź±°ė‚˜
09:43
and I wasn't on vacation.
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ķœ“ź°€ ģ¤‘ģ“ ģ•„ė‹ ė•Œ ź°€ėŠ„ķ•˜ģ£ .
09:45
The point is that anything,
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ģ¦‰ ģš”ģ ģ€ ķ•œėŖ…ģ˜ ź°œģø,
09:47
any system that depends on a single human being
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ķ˜¹ģ€ ė‘ėŖ… ģ„øėŖ… ģ•„ė‹ˆė©“ ė‹¤ģ„ÆėŖ…ģ— ģ˜ģ”“ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ€
09:49
or two or three or five human beings --
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09:51
it just doesn't scale.
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ź·œėŖØė„¼ ėŠ˜ė¦“ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:53
And this is a problem for which we need to scale this technology,
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ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė¬øģ œėŠ” ģ“ źø°ģˆ ģ€
ź·œėŖØź°€ ė” ėŠ˜ģ–“ė‚˜ģ•¼ė§Œ ķ–ˆź³  ģ§€źøˆ ė‹¹ģž„ ėŠ˜ģ–“ė‚˜ģ•¼ ķ–ˆė‹¤ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
09:56
and we need to scale it now.
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09:58
And so I began to think of ways in which I could basically
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ź·øėž˜ģ„œ ģ €ėŠ” źø°ė³øģ ģœ¼ė”œ
ģ œ ģžģ‹ ģ„ ź³¼ģ •ģ—ģ„œ ėŗ„ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ė°©ė²•ģ„ ģ°¾źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģ–“ģš”.
10:01
take myself out of the picture.
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ģ €ė„¼ ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ķ•˜ė©“ ź³¼ģ •ģ—ģ„œ ģ œģ™øķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģ„ģ§€
10:06
And, you know, I was thinking,
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10:07
"How could I take myself out of the picture?"
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ź½¤ ģ˜¤ėžœ ģ‹œź°„ė™ģ•ˆ
10:09
for quite some time.
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ģƒź°ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:11
I'd been trained that the way you distribute technology
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ģ œź°€ ė°›ģ€ źµģœ”ģ— ģ˜ķ•˜ė©“
źµ­ģ œ ź°œė°œģ—ģ„œ źø°ģˆ ģ„ ė°°ķ¬ķ•˜ėŠ” ė°©ė²•ģ€
10:15
within international development
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10:16
is always consultant-based.
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ėŠ˜ ģ»Øģ„¤ķ„“ķŠøė„¼ ķ†µķ•œ ė°©ė²•ģ“ģ—ˆģ–“ģš”.
10:18
It's always guys that look pretty much like me,
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ģ–øģ œė‚˜ ģ €ź°™ģ€ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“
10:21
flying from countries that look pretty much like this
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ģ“ź³³ ź°™ģ€ ė‚˜ė¼ģ—ģ„œ
10:23
to other countries with people with darker skin.
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ķ”¼ė¶€ģƒ‰ģ“ ģ¢€ ė” ģ–“ė‘ģš“ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ģ‚¬ėŠ” ė‹¤ė„ø ė‚˜ė¼ė”œ ė‚ ģ•„ź°€ėŠ” ė°©ģ‹ģø ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:26
And you go out there, and you spend money on airfare
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ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ė˜ė©“ ė¹„ķ–‰źø° ķ‘œź°’ģ“ ė“¤ź³ 
10:29
and you spend time and you spend per diem
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ģ—¬ķ–‰ ģ‹œź°„ģ„ ģ“°ė©° ģ‹ė¹„ź°€ ė“¤ź³ 
10:32
and you spend for a hotel and all that stuff.
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ķ˜øķ…”ė¹„ė„¼ ė‚“ģ•¼ ė˜ź³  ģ˜Øź°– ģ¢…ė„˜ģ˜ ģ§€ģ¶œģ“ ģƒź¹ė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:34
As far as I knew, that was the only way you could distribute technology,
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ģ œź°€ ģ•„ėŠ” ķ•œ źø°ģˆ ģ„ ė°°ķ¬ģ‹œķ‚¤ėŠ”ė°ėŠ”
ź·ø ģ™ø ė‹¤ė„ø ė°©ė²•ģ“ ģ—†ģ—ˆź³ , ģ“ ė¬øģ œė„¼ ėŒģ•„ź°ˆ ė°©ė²•ģ“ ģƒź°ė‚˜ģ§€ ģ•Šģ•˜ģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:38
and I couldn't figure out a way around it.
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ź·øėŸ°ė° źø°ģ ģ“ ģ¼ģ–“ė‚¬ģ–“ģš”.
10:40
But the miracle that happened --
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10:42
I'm going to call it Hotmail for short.
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ģ§§ź²Œ ģ¤„ģ—¬ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ģ“ė¼ź³  ķ•˜ģ£ .
10:45
You may not think of Hotmail as being miraculous,
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ģ•„ė§ˆ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ģ“ źø°ģ ź°™ė‹¤ź³  ģƒź°ķ•˜ģ§„ ģ•Šģœ¼ģ‹œź² ģ§€ė§Œ
10:47
but for me it was miraculous,
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ģ €ķ•œķ…ŒėŠ” źø°ģ ģ ģ“ģ—ˆģ–“ģš”.
10:49
because I noticed, just as I was wrestling with this problem --
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ģ œź°€ ģ“ ė¬øģ œė”œ ģ”Øė¦„ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆģ„ ė•Œ
10:52
I was working in sub-Saharan Africa, mostly, at the time --
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ģ €ėŠ” ģ£¼ė”œ ģ‚¬ķ•˜ė¼ ė‚Øė¶€ ģ•„ķ”„ė¦¬ģ¹“ģ—ģ„œ ģ¼ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
10:56
I noticed that every sub-Saharan African health worker
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ź·øėŸ¬ė‹¤ ģ €ėŠ” ź°™ģ“ ģ¼ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆė˜ ģ‚¬ķ•˜ė¼ ė‚Øė¶€ ģ•„ķ”„ė¦¬ģ¹“ģ˜
10:58
that I was working with had a Hotmail account.
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ė³“ź±“ ģš”ģ›ė“¤ģ“ ėŖØė‘ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ź³„ģ •ģ„ ź°€ģ§€ź³  ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ” ź±ø ė°œź²¬ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ź·øė¦¬ź³  ė¬øė“ ź·øėŸ° ģƒź°ģ“ ė“¤ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:03
And it struck me, "Wait a minute --
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'ģž ź¹ė§Œ, ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ģ§ģ›ė“¤ģ“
11:06
I know the Hotmail people surely didn't fly to the Ministry of Health in Kenya
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ė¹„ķ–‰źø°ė„¼ ķƒ€ź³  ģ¼€ėƒ ė³“ź±“ė¶€ė”œ ģ™€ģ„œ
11:10
to train people in how to use Hotmail.
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ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ—ź²Œ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ģ‚¬ģš©ė²•ģ„ ź°€ė„“ģ³ ģ£¼ģ§€ėŠ” ģ•Šģ•˜ģ„ķ…ė°.
11:13
So these guys are distributing technology, getting software capacity out there,
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ź·øėŸ°ė°ė„ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ģ€ źø°ģˆ ģ„ ķ¼ķŠøė¦¬ź³  ģžˆė‹¤.
ģ“ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ źø°ėŠ„ģ€ ė©€ė¦¬ ķƒ€źµ­ģ—ģ„œė„ ģ“°ģ“ėŠ”ė°
11:17
but they're not actually flying around the world.
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ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ģ§ģ›ģ“ ė¹„ķ–‰źø°ė„¼ ķƒ€ź³  ģ„øź³„ė„¼ ėŒģ•„ė‹¤ģ§€ėŠ” ģ•ˆģž–ģ•„.
ģƒź°ģ„ ģ¢€ ķ•“ė“ģ•¼ź² ė‹¤.'
11:20
I need to think about this more."
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11:21
While I was thinking about it,
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ģ œź°€ ź·øź²ƒģ— ėŒ€ķ•“ ģƒź°ķ•˜ėŠ”ė™ģ•ˆ
11:23
people started using even more things like this, just as we were.
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ģ•„ķ”„ė¦¬ģ¹“ģ˜ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ€ ģ ģ  ė” ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ź°™ģ€ ė„źµ¬ė“¤ģ„ ģ“°źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģ–“ģš”. ģš°ė¦¬ģ²˜ėŸ¼ģš”.
11:26
They started using LinkedIn and Flickr and Gmail and Google Maps --
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ė§ķ¬ė“œģøģ“ė‚˜ ķ”Œė¦­ģ»¤,
ģ§€ė©”ģ¼ź³¼ źµ¬źø€ė§µ, ģ“ėŸ° ź²ƒė“¤ģš”.
11:29
all these things.
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11:30
Of course, all of these things are cloud based
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ė¬¼ė”  ģ“ ėŖØė“  ź±“ ķ“ė¼ģš°ė“œ źø°ė°˜ģ“ź³ 
11:33
and don't require any training.
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ģ–“ė–¤ źµģœ”ė„ ķ•„ģš”ķ•˜ģ§€ ģ•Šģ£ .
11:35
They don't require any programmers.
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ķ”„ė”œź·øėž˜ėØøė„ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ź³ 
11:37
They don't require consultants.
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ģ»Øģ„¤ķ„“ķŠøė„ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ėŠ” ģ“ģœ ėŠ”
11:38
Because the business model for all these businesses
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ģ“ ėŖØė“  ģ‚¬ģ—…ģ˜ ėŖØėøģ€
11:41
requires that something be so simple we can use it ourselves,
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ķ›ˆė Øģ“ ź±°ģ˜ ķ•„ģš” ģ—†ģ„ ģ •ė„ė”œ
11:44
with little or no training.
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ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•˜źø° ģ•„ģ£¼ ź°„ė‹Øķ•œ ģ œķ’ˆģ„ ė§Œė“¤źø° ė•Œė¬øģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
11:45
You just have to hear about it and go to the website.
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ģ“ėŸ°ź²Œ ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ” ź±ø ė“£ź³  ķ•“ė‹¹ ģ›¹ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠøė”œ ź°€ė©“ ė˜ėŠ” ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ź·øė ‡ź²Œ ģ €ėŠ” ģƒź°ķ•˜ź²Œ ėģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ œź°€ ģžė¬øķ•˜ė˜ ģ¼ģ„
11:48
And so I thought, what would happen if we built software
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11:52
to do what I'd been consulting in?
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ėŒ€ģ‹ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ė©“ ģ–“ė–Øź¹Œ? ķ•˜ź³ ģš”.
11:54
Instead of training people how to put forms onto mobile devices,
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ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ—ź²Œ ė¬“ģ„  źø°źø°ģ—
ģ„œė„˜ė„¼ ģž…ė „ķ•˜ėŠ” ė°©ė²•ģ„ ź°€ė„“ģ³ ģ£¼ėŠ” ėŒ€ģ‹ 
11:58
let's create software that lets them do it themselves with no training
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ķ›ˆė Øģ“ė‚˜ ģ œź°€ ģ—†ģ“ ź·øė“¤ģ“ ģ§ģ ‘ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”
ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ģžź³ ģš”.
12:01
and without me being involved.
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•œ ģ¼ģ“ ė°”ė”œ ź·øź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:03
And that's exactly what we did.
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12:04
So we created software called Magpi, which has an online form creator.
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ģ €ķ¬ėŠ” ė§¤ź·øķŒŒģ“ė¼ėŠ” ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ė§Œė“¤ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ“ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ģ—ėŠ” ģ˜Øė¼ģø ģ„œė„˜ ģž‘ģ„± ė„źµ¬ź°€ ķ¬ķ•Øė˜ģ–“ģ„œ
12:10
No one has to speak to me,
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ģ €ģ™€ ģ—°ė½ķ•“ģ•¼ ė  ķ•„ģš”ź°€ ģ—†ź²Œ ėģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:11
you just have to hear about it and go to the website.
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ź·øėƒ„ ģ“ėŸ° ė„źµ¬ź°€ ģžˆė‹¤ėŠ” ź±ø ģ•Œź³  ģ›¹ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠøģ— ź°€ė©“ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:14
You can create forms, and once you've created the forms,
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ģ„œė„˜ė„¼ ģž‘ģ„±ķ•œ ė‹¤ģŒģ—ėŠ”
12:16
you push them to a variety of common mobile phones.
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ėŒ€ģ¤‘ģ ģø ģ—¬ėŸ¬ ė¬“ģ„  źø°źø°ė“¤ģ— ģ „ģ†”ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:19
Obviously, nowadays, we've moved past PalmPilots to mobile phones.
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ė¬¼ė”  ģš”ģ¦˜ģ—ėŠ” ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆė¼
ė¬“ģ„  ģ „ķ™”źø°ź°€ ė˜ź² ģ£ .
12:22
And it doesn't have to be a smartphone, it can be a basic phone,
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģŠ¤ė§ˆķŠøķ°ģ“ ģ•„ė‹ˆģ–“ė„ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ € ģ˜¤ė„øģŖ½ģ— ė³“ģ‹œėŠ” ź²ƒ ź°™ģ€ źø°ė³øģ ģø ķœ“ėŒ€ ģ „ķ™”ė„ ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:26
like the phone on the right, the basic Symbian phone
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ź°œė°œė„ģƒźµ­ģ— ģ•„ģ£¼ ķ”ķ•œ
12:28
that's very common in developing countries.
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źø°ė³øģ ģø ģ‹¬ė¹„ģ•ˆ ģ²“ź³„ ė‹Øė§źø°ģ£ .
12:30
And the great part about this is it's just like Hotmail.
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ģ“ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ģ˜ ķ° ģž„ģ ģ€ ė§ˆģ¹˜ ķ•«ė©”ģ¼ ź°™ė‹¤ėŠ” ź±°ģ—ģš”.
12:34
It's cloud based,
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ķ“ė¼ģš°ė“œ źø°ė°˜ģ“ź³ , ķ›ˆė Øģ“ė‚˜ ķ”„ė”œź·øėž˜ė°,
12:35
and it doesn't require any training, programming, consultants.
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ģžė¬øģ—­ģ“ ė”°ė”œ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ģ“ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:38
But there are some additional benefits as well.
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ė‹¤ė„ø ė¶€ģˆ˜ģ ģø ģž„ģ ė„ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
ģ €ķ¬ź°€ ė§Ø ģ²˜ģŒ ģ“ ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ„ ė§Œė“¤ģ—ˆģ„ ė•Œ
12:41
Now we knew when we built this system,
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ź·ø ėŖ©ģ ģ€ ķŒœ ķŒŒģ¼ėŸæģ„ ģ“°ė˜ ė•Œģ™€ ė§ˆģ°¬ź°€ģ§€ė”œ,
12:43
the whole point of it, just like with the PalmPilots,
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12:45
was that you'd be able to collect the data
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ģžė£Œė„¼ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•˜ź³  ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ¦‰ģ‹œ
ģžė£Œė„¼ ģ—…ė”œė“œķ•“ ģ €ģž„ķ•˜ėŠ” ź²ƒģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:48
and immediately upload the data and get your data set.
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ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ģ“ėŸ° ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ—ģ„œėŠ” ģžė£Œź°€ ģ¦‰ģ„ģ—ģ„œ ģ»“ķ“Øķ„°ģ— ģ €ģž„ė˜źø° ė•Œė¬øģ—
12:51
But what we found, of course, since it's already on a computer,
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ź·ø ģžė¦¬ģ—ģ„œ ģ§€ė„ģ™€ ė¶„ģ„ź³¼ ė„ķ‘œė„¼ ź·øė ¤ ė³“ģ¼ ģˆ˜ ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
12:54
we can deliver instant maps and analysis and graphing.
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12:56
We can take a process that took two years
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2ė…„ģ“ ź±øė¦¬ė˜ ź³¼ģ •ģ„
12:58
and compress that down to the space of five minutes.
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5ė¶„ģœ¼ė”œ ė‹Øģ¶•ģ‹œķ‚¬ ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ” ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤.
ķšØģœØģ„±ģ“ ėÆæģ„ ģˆ˜ ģ—†ģ„ ė§Œķ¼ ķ–„ģƒėœ ź²ƒģ“ģ§€ģš”.
13:02
Unbelievable improvements in efficiency.
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13:04
Cloud based, no training, no consultants, no me.
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ķ“ė¼ģš°ė“œ źø°ė°˜ģ—, ķ›ˆė Øė„ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ź³ , ģžė¬øģ—­ė„ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ź³ , ģ €ė„ ķ•„ģš”ģ—†ź²Œ ėģ–“ģš”.
13:09
And I told you that in the first few years
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ģ“ģ „ģ˜ ė°©ė²•ėŒ€ė”œ
13:11
of trying to do this the old-fashioned way,
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ź°źµ­ģ„ ģ°¾ģ•„ė‹¤ė‹ˆė©° ģ¼ķ•˜ė˜
13:13
going out to each country,
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ź·ø ģ“ˆė°˜ģ˜ ėŖ‡ė…„ź°„
ķ›ˆė Øģ‹œķ‚Ø ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ€ ģ•„ė§ˆ
13:15
we probably trained about 1,000 people.
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1,000ėŖ… ģ •ė„ ė ź±°ģ—ģš”.
13:19
What happened after we did this?
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ź·øėŸ°ė° ģ“ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ź°€ ģƒźø°ź³  ė‚˜ģ„œėŠ” ģ–“ė–»ź²Œ ė˜ģ—ˆģ„ź¹Œģš”?
13:21
In the second three years,
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ė‘ė²ˆģ§ø 3ė…„ ė¶„źø°ģ—ģ„œ, 14,000ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ‚¬ģš©ģžź°€
13:23
we had 14,000 people find the website,
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ģ›¹ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠøė„¼ ģ°¾ģ•„ ź°€ģž…ķ–ˆź³  ė§¤ź·øķŒŒģ“ė„¼ ģ“ģš©ķ•“ ģžė£Œė„¼ ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•˜źø° ģ‹œģž‘ķ–ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:25
sign up and start using it to collect data:
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13:27
data for disaster response,
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ģž¬ķ•“ ėŒ€ģ‘ģ„ ģœ„ķ•œ ģžė£Œ,
ģŗė‚˜ė‹¤ģ˜ ģ–‘ėˆģ—…ģžė“¤ģ“ ė¼ģ§€ė–¼ģ™€ ģ§ˆė³‘ģ„ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•œ ģžė£Œ,
13:29
Canadian pig farmers tracking pig disease and pig herds,
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13:33
people tracking drug supplies.
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ģ•½ ź³µźø‰ ź³¼ģ •ģ„ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜źø° ģœ„ķ•œ ģžė£Œģ™€ ź°™ģ€ ź²ƒė“¤ģ“ģš”.
13:36
One of my favorite examples, the IRC, International Rescue Committee,
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ģ œź°€ ģ œģ¼ ģ¢‹ģ•„ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ˜ˆėŠ” IRC, ģ¦‰
źµ­ģ œ źµ¬ģ”° ģœ„ģ›ķšŒė”œ
13:39
they have a program where semi-literate midwives,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ė°˜ė¬øė§¹ģ˜ ģ‚°ķŒŒė“¤ģ“
13:42
using $10 mobile phones,
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10 ė‹¬ėŸ¬ģ§œė¦¬ ė¬“ģ„  ģ „ķ™”źø°ė”œ
13:45
send a text message using our software, once a week,
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ģš°ė¦¬ģ˜ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•“
ģ¶œģ‚°ź³¼ ģ‚¬ģ‚°ģ˜ ģˆ«ģžė„¼
13:48
with the number of births and the number of deaths,
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ė¬øģžė”œ ģ „ģ†”ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•˜ėŠ” ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ģ§„ķ–‰ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:51
which gives IRC something that no one in global health has ever had:
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ģ“ė”œģ„œ IRC ėŠ” ģ„øź³„ ė³“ź±“ģ—ģ„œ ź·ø ėˆ„źµ¬ė„ ģ–»ģ§€ ėŖ»ķ•œ ģžė£Œė„¼ ģ–»ź²Œ ė¬ģ£ .
13:54
a near-real-time system of counting babies,
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ģ‹¤ģ‚¬ź°„ģœ¼ė”œ ģ‹ ģƒģ•„ ģˆ«ģžė„¼ ź³„ģ‚°ķ•˜ź²Œ ėœ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
13:58
of knowing how many kids are born,
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ģ“ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ“ ģ§„ķ–‰ė˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ”
13:59
of knowing how many children there are in Sierra Leone,
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ģ‹œģ—ė¼ ė¦¬ģ˜Øģ— ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ė§Žģ€ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ķƒœģ–“ė‚˜ź³ 
ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ė§Žģ€ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ‚“ź³  ģžˆģœ¼ė©°
14:02
which is the country where this is happening,
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14:04
and knowing how many children die.
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ģ–¼ė§ˆė‚˜ ė§Žģ€ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ģ‚¬ė§ķ•˜ėŠ”ģ§€ ģ•Œź²Œ ėœ ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:07
Physicians for Human Rights --
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ģøź¶Œ ģ˜ģ‚¬ķšŒģ˜ ź²½ģš°ėŠ”
14:08
this is moving a little bit outside the health field --
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ė³“ź±“ģ—ģ„œ ģ”°źøˆ ė²—ģ–“ė‚˜ėŠ” ģ˜ˆģ§€ė§Œ
14:11
they're basically training people to do rape exams in Congo,
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ģ„±ķ­ķ–‰ģ“ė¼ėŠ” ģ•„ģ£¼ ė”ģ°ķ•œ ģœ ķ–‰ģ“ ėŒź³  ģžˆėŠ” ģ½©ź³ ģ—ģ„œ
ģ„±ķ­ķ–‰ ź²€ģ‚¬ ė°©ė²•ģ„ ķ›ˆė Øģ‹œķ‚¤ź³  ź·øģ— ź“€ė Øķ•œ ģžė£Œė„¼
14:16
where this is an epidemic,
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14:17
a horrible epidemic,
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ģˆ˜ģ§‘ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ”ė°ģš”.
14:19
and they're using our software to document the evidence they find,
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ź·øė“¤ģ€ ģš°ė¦¬ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•“
ģ‚¬ģ§„ģ„ ķ¬ķ•Øķ•œ ģ„±ķ­ķ–‰ ģ¦ź±°ė¬¼ģ„ ėŖØģœ¼ź³  źø°ė”ķ•“
14:22
including photographically,
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14:24
so that they can bring the perpetrators to justice.
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ź°€ķ•“ģžė“¤ģ“ ė²•ģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģ‹¬ķŒė°›ė„ė” ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:28
Camfed, another charity based out of the UK --
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ģ˜źµ­ģ— źø°ė°˜ģ„ ė‘” ė˜ ė‹¤ė„ø ģžģ„  ė‹Øģ²“ģø ģŗ„ķŽ˜ė“œėŠ”
14:32
Camfed pays girls' families to keep them in school.
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ģ—¬ģž ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ķ•™źµė„¼ ė‹¤ė‹ ģˆ˜ ģžˆė„ė” ź°€ģ •ė“¤ģ— ģž¬ģ • ģ§€ģ›ģ„ ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:36
They understand this is the most significant intervention they can make.
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ģ“ź²ƒģ“ ź·øė“¤ģ“ ķ•  ģˆ˜ ģžˆėŠ”
ź°€ģž„ ģ¤‘ģš”ķ•œ ģ¤‘ģž¬ ė°©ė²•ģ“ė¼ėŠ” ź±ø ģ“ķ•“ķ•˜źø° ė•Œė¬øģ“ģ£ .
14:39
They used to track the disbursements, the attendance, the grades, on paper.
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ģŗ„ķŽ˜ė“œėŠ” ģžźøˆ ė¶„ė°°ģ™€ ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ˜ ģ¶œģ„ė„ , ģ„±ģ ģ„ ģ¢…ģ“ģ— źø°ė”ķ•˜ź³¤ ķ–ˆėŠ”ė°
14:43
The turnaround time between a teacher writing down grades or attendance
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ė‹¹ģ‹œ ģ„ ģƒė‹˜ģ“ ģ„±ģ ģ“ė‚˜ ģ¶œģ„ģ„
ģ¢…ģ“ģ— ģ“°ėŠ” ģˆœź°„ė¶€ķ„°
14:46
and getting that into a report was about two to three years.
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źø°ź“€ģ˜ ė³“ź³ ģ„œź°€ ģž‘ģ„±ė˜źø°ź¹Œģ§€ ź±øė¦¬ėŠ” ģ‹œź°„ģ€ ģ•½ 2ė…„ģ—ģ„œ 3ė…„ģ“ģ—ˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
14:49
Now it's real time.
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ģ“ģ œ ź·øź²Œ ģ‹¤ģ‹œź°„ģœ¼ė”œ ė˜ź³  ģžˆģ–“ģš”.
14:50
And because this is such a low-cost system and based in the cloud,
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ģ“ ģ‹œģŠ¤ķ…œģ€ ķ“ė¼ģš°ė“œ źø°ė°˜ģ— ė¹„ģš©ģ“ ė§¤ģš° ģ €ė “ķ•˜źø° ė•Œė¬øģ—
14:54
it costs, for the entire five countries that Camfed runs this in,
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ģŗ„ķŽ˜ė“œź°€ ģ“ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØģ„ ģ§„ķ–‰ģ¤‘ģø 5ź°œźµ­ ģ „ģ²“
ģˆ˜ė§ŒėŖ…ģ˜ ģ—¬ķ•™ģƒė“¤ģ„ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜ėŠ”ė°
14:58
with tens of thousands of girls,
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ģ“ ė¹„ģš©ģ“ ģ¼ė…„ģ— ė§Œė¶ˆ ė°–ģ— ė“¤ģ§€ ģ•ŠģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:00
the whole cost combined is 10,000 dollars a year.
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15:03
That's less than I used to get
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ģ“ź±“ ģ œź°€ ģ»Øģ„¤ķŒ…ģ„ ģœ„ķ•“
2ģ£¼ź°„ ģ—¬ķ–‰ķ•˜ėŠ”ė° ė“¤ė˜ ė¹„ģš©ė³“ė‹¤ė„ ė” ģž‘ģ€ ģˆ«ģžģ—ģš”.
15:05
just traveling out for two weeks to do a consultation.
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15:10
So I told you before that when we were doing it the old-fashioned way,
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ģ•„ź¹Œ ė§ģ”€ ė“œė øė“Æģ“
ģ˜ˆģ „ģ˜ ė°©ģ‹ģœ¼ė”œ ģ¼ķ•˜ź³  ģžˆģ—ˆģ„ ė•Œ
15:13
I realized all of our work was really adding up to just a drop in the bucket --
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ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ėÆøģ¹˜ėŠ” ź²°ź³¼ėŠ” ģƒˆė°œģ˜ ķ”¼ź°™ė‹¤ėŠ” ź±ø ź¹Øė‹¬ģ•˜ģ–“ģš”.
15:17
10, 20, 30 different programs.
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10ź°œ, 20ź°œ, 30ź°œģ˜ ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØ ģ •ė„ģ˜€ģ£ .
ź·ø ķ›„ė”œ ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ė§Žģ“ ė°œģ „ķ•“ģ™”ģ§€ė§Œ
15:20
We've made a lot of progress,
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15:21
but I recognize that right now,
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ķ˜„ģž¬ 14,000 ėŖ…ģ˜ ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“
15:23
even the work that we've done with 14,000 people using this
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ģ“ ģ†Œķ”„ķŠøģ›Øģ–“ė„¼ ģ“°ėŠ” ģ§€źøˆė„ ģš°ė¦¬ź°€ ķ•˜ėŠ” ģ¼ģ€ ģ—¬ģ „ķžˆ
15:26
is still a drop in the bucket.
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ģƒˆė°œģ˜ ķ”¼ė¼ėŠ” ź±ø ģøģ •ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ķ•˜ģ§€ė§Œ ė­”ź°€ź°€ ė‹¬ė¼ģ”ŒģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:27
But something's changed, and I think it should be obvious.
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ė¶„ėŖ…ķžˆ ė³“ģ¼ ź±°ė¼ź³  ģƒź°ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:30
What's changed now is,
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ģ§€źøˆģ“ ģ“ģ „ź³¼ ė‹¤ė„ø ź²ƒģ€
15:32
instead of having a program in which we're scaling at such a slow rate
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ķŒŒźø‰ ģ†ė„ź°€ ģ •ė§ ėŠė ¤ģ„œ
15:36
that we can never reach all the people who need us,
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ģš°ė¦¬ė„¼ ķ•„ģš”ė”œ ķ•˜ėŠ” ėŖØė“  ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ—ź²Œ ė‹æģ„ ķ¬ė§ģ“ ģ „ķ˜€ ģ—†ėŠ” ķ”„ė”œź·øėžØ ėŒ€ģ‹ 
15:39
we've made it unnecessary for people to get reached by us.
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ģ‚¬ėžŒė“¤ģ“ ģš°ė¦¬ģ—ź²Œ ė‹æģ„ ķ•„ģš”ģ”°ģ°Ø ģ—†ź²Œ ė§Œė“  ź²ė‹ˆė‹¤.
15:43
We've created a tool that lets programs keep kids in school,
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ģš°ė¦¬ėŠ” ģ•„ģ“ė“¤ģ“ ķ•™źµģ— ģ¶œģ„ķ•˜ź²Œ ķ•˜ź³ 
ģ‹ ģƒģ•„ė“¤ģ˜ ģˆ«ģžģ™€
15:48
track the number of babies that are born and the number of babies that die,
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ģ•„ė™ ģ‚¬ė§ ģˆ˜ģ¹˜ė„¼ ģ¶”ģ ķ•˜ė©°
15:52
catch criminals and successfully prosecute them --
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ė²”ģ£„ģžė“¤ģ„ ģž”ģ•„ ģ„±ź³µģ ģœ¼ė”œ ģœ ģ£„ ķŒź²°ģ„ ė°›ź²Œ ķ•˜ź³ 
15:55
to do all these different things to learn more about what's going on,
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ģ“ ėŖØė“  ź²ƒģ„ ķ†µķ•“ģ„œ
ģ •ė§ė”œ ė¬“ģŠØ ģ¼ģ“ ģ¼ģ–“ė‚˜ź³  ģžˆėŠ”ģ§€ ė” ė§Žģ“ ģ“ķ•“ķ•˜ź³  ė” ė§Žģ“ ė³“ź³ 
16:00
to understand more,
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16:01
to see more ...
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16:03
and to save lives and improve lives.
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ģƒėŖ…ģ„ ģ‚“ė¦¬ź³  ģ‚¶ģ˜ ģ§ˆģ„ ķ–„ģƒģ‹œķ‚¤ėŠ” ė„źµ¬ė„¼ ģ°½ģ”°ķ•“ėƒˆģŠµė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:07
Thank you.
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ź°ģ‚¬ķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤.
16:09
(Applause)
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(ė°•ģˆ˜)
ģ“ ģ›¹ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠø ģ •ė³“

ģ“ ģ‚¬ģ“ķŠøėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ķ•™ģŠµģ— ģœ ģš©ķ•œ YouTube ė™ģ˜ģƒģ„ ģ†Œź°œķ•©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ „ ģ„øź³„ ģµœź³ ģ˜ ģ„ ģƒė‹˜ė“¤ģ“ ź°€ė„“ģ¹˜ėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ģˆ˜ģ—…ģ„ ė³“ź²Œ ė  ź²ƒģž…ė‹ˆė‹¤. ź° ė™ģ˜ģƒ ķŽ˜ģ“ģ§€ģ— ķ‘œģ‹œė˜ėŠ” ģ˜ģ–“ ģžė§‰ģ„ ė”ėø” ķ“ė¦­ķ•˜ė©“ ź·øź³³ģ—ģ„œ ė™ģ˜ģƒģ“ ģž¬ģƒė©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ė¹„ė””ģ˜¤ ģž¬ģƒģ— ė§žģ¶° ģžė§‰ģ“ ģŠ¤ķ¬ė”¤ė©ė‹ˆė‹¤. ģ˜ź²¬ģ“ė‚˜ ģš”ģ²­ģ“ ģžˆėŠ” ź²½ģš° ģ“ ė¬øģ˜ ģ–‘ģ‹ģ„ ģ‚¬ģš©ķ•˜ģ—¬ ė¬øģ˜ķ•˜ģ‹­ģ‹œģ˜¤.

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