How do you save a shark you know nothing about? | Simon Berrow

48,373 views ใƒป 2012-02-16

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongyob Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Young-ho Park
00:15
Basking sharks are awesome creatures.
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
They are just magnificent.
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 10๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
They grow 10 meters long; some say bigger.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
00:22
They might weigh up to two tons.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2ํ†ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Some say up to five tons.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 5ํ†ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:26
They're the second-largest fish in the world.
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์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ์–ด๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:28
They're also harmless plankton-feeding animals.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
00:31
And they are thought to be able to filter a cubic kilometer of water every hour
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์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
1 ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:36
and can feed on 30 kilos of zoo plankton a day to survive.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 30ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
They're fantastic creatures.
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
00:42
We're very lucky in Ireland,
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00:44
we have plenty of basking sharks and plenty of opportunities to study them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์•„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹คํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:47
They were very important to coastal communities,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์˜€์ฃ .
00:50
going back hundreds of years,
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ํŠนํžˆ ํด๋ผ๋ฐํ”„, ๋”ํ”„, ์ฝ”๋„ค๋งˆ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
especially around the Claddaghduff, Connemara region
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด
00:54
where subsistence farmers used to sail out on their hookers and open boats,
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๋›๋‹จ ๊ณ ๊นƒ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
00:57
sometimes way offshore to a place called the Sunfish Bank,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ, ์•„ํ‚ฌ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 48 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ
์ •๋„๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„œ,
01:00
about 30 miles west of Achill Island,
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:02
to kill the basking sharks.
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01:03
This is a woodcut from about the 1800s.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ 17๋ฐฑ๋…„, 18๋ฐฑ๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชฉํŒํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
They were very important, for the oil out of their liver.
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01:08
A third of the basking shark's size is their liver,
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด ๋ชธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์€ ๊ฐ„์ธ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ .
01:11
and it's full of oil, gallons of oil.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ถˆ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:13
That oil was used especially for lighting,
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์ƒ์ฒ˜์— ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
but also for dressing wounds and other things.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 1742๋…„์—
01:17
In fact, the streetlights in 1742,
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๊ณจ์›จ์ด, ๋”๋ธ”๋ฆฐ, ์›Œํ„ฐํฌ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ์—๋Š”
01:19
of Galway, Dublin and Waterford,
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01:20
were lit with sunfish oil.
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์„ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:22
"Sunfish" is one of the words for basking sharks.
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์„ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
So they were incredibly important animals.
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
They've been around a long time, very important to coastal communities.
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์˜€์ฃ .
์•„๋งˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€
01:30
Probably the best-documented basking shark fishery in the world
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์•„ํ‚ฌ์„ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฑธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
is that from Achill Island.
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01:34
This is Keem Bay up in Achill Island.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„ํ‚ฌ์„ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‚ด๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์™”์ง€์š”.
01:37
Sharks used to come into the bay,
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01:39
and the fishermen would tie a net off the headland,
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์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๊ณถ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๋‘๊ณ 
01:42
string it out, an old Manila net,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
and as the shark came round, it would hit the net,
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์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
01:46
the net would collapse on it.
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์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์งˆ์‹ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:48
It would often drown and suffocate.
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01:49
Or at times, they would row out in their small curraghs
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฝ”๋Ÿฌํด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
01:52
and kill it with a lance through the back of the neck.
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์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๋ชฉ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์žก๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์žก์€ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ‘ธํ‹ดํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ
01:55
And then they'd tow the sharks back to Purteen Harbour,
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01:57
boil them up, use the oil.
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์‚ถ์•„์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
They also used the flesh as well, for fertilizer
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
์ƒ์–ด ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋„ ์ž˜๋ผ์ผ์ฃ .
02:03
and also would fin the sharks.
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02:06
This is probably the biggest threat to sharks worldwide --
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„๋งˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ์ƒ์–ด ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
the finning of sharks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃ ์Šค ์˜ํ™”๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ฃ .
02:11
We're often frightened of sharks, thanks to "Jaws."
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์•„๋งˆ ๋งค๋…„ 5๋ช… ๋‚ด์ง€ 6๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
02:13
Maybe five or six people get killed by sharks every year.
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์ƒ์–ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋ฌผ๋ ค ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์ฃ ? ๋ฐ”๋กœ 2์ฃผ ์ •๋„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
There was someone recently, wasn't there? Just a couple weeks ago.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์— ์•ฝ 1์–ต๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
We kill about 100 million sharks a year.
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02:22
So I don't know what the balance is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
02:24
but I think sharks have more right to be fearful of us than we have of them.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋” ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ƒ์–ด์žก์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:28
It was a well-documented fishery.
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02:29
As you can see here, it peaked in the '50s,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ 50๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ •์ ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์— 1์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:32
where they were killing 1,500 sharks a year.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ
02:34
And it declined very fast -- a classic boom-and-bust fishery,
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๋ถ๊ณผ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜์ง€
02:37
which suggests that a stock has been depleted
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02:39
or there's low reproductive rates.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒ์‹๋ฅ ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
They killed about 12,000 sharks within this period,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— 1๋งŒ 2์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋งˆ๋‹๋ผ ๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ
02:44
literally just by stringing a Manila rope
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์•„ํ‚ฌ์„ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‚ด๋งŒ์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์—
02:47
off the tip of Keem Bay up in Achill Island.
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๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์žก์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
02:50
Sharks were still killed up into the mid-80s,
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์ƒ์–ด์žก์ด๋Š” 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:52
especially out of places like Dunmore East in County Waterford.
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์›Œํ„ฐํฌ๋“œ์ฃผ์˜ ๋˜๋ชจ์–ด ์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ง€์š”.
02:55
About two and a half, 3,000 sharks were killed up till '85,
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85๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 2์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ์ด๋‚˜ 3์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:58
mainly by Norwegian vessels.
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
You can't really see,
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์ €๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์ด์š”, ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์žก์ด ์–ด์„ ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
03:01
but these are Norwegian basking shark hunting vessels.
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๋›๋Œ€์œ„์— ๋ง๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์„ ์ด
03:04
The black line in the crow's nest signifies this is a shark vessel,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜์žก์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
03:07
rather than a whaling vessel.
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์ƒ์–ด์žก์ด ๋ฐฐ๋ž€๊ฑธ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:09
The importance of basking sharks to the coast communities
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ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€
03:12
is recognized through the language.
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์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
I don't pretend to [know many Irish words],
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:16
but in Kerry they were often known as "ainmhide Na seolta,"
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์ผ€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ "Ainmhide na seolta"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๋›๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
03:20
"the monster with the sails."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ๋Š” "Liop an da lapa"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:22
Another title would be "liop an dรก lapa,"
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•œ ์•ผ์ˆ˜๋ž€ ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
03:25
"the unwieldy beast with two fins."
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"Liabhan mor"๋Š” ํฐ ์ง์Šน์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
03:28
"Liabhรกn mรณr," suggesting a big animal.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ "Liabhan chor greine"์€
03:31
Or my favorite, "liabhรกn chor grรฉine," "the great fish of the sun."
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ฃ .
03:34
That's a lovely, evocative name.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
On Tory Island -- a strange place anyway -- they were known as "muldoons."
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ํ† ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” muldoons์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
03:39
(Laughter)
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:40
No one seems to know why.
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ํ† ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„์€ ์—†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
Hope there's no one from Tory here. Lovely place.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:44
But more commonly all around the island, they were known as the sunfish.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์„ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
And this represents their habit of basking on the surface
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์„๋•Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ–‡๋ณ•์„ ์ชผ์ด๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:51
when the sun is out.
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:52
There's great concern that basking sharks are depleted
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03:54
all throughout the world.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Some say it's not population decline,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
it might be a change in the distribution of plankton.
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ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
04:00
It's been suggested
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
04:02
that these sharks would make fantastic indicators of climate change,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ž…์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:05
as they're basically continuous plankton recorders,
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ํ—ค์—„์„ ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:07
swimming around with their mouth open.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” IUCN (์„ธ๊ณ„์ž์—ฐ๋ณด์ „์—ฐ๋งน)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:09
They're now listed as vulnerable under the IUCN.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด์žก์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
There's movements in Europe to try and stop catching them.
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์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ์–‘๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:15
There's now a ban on catching and even landing them,
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04:17
even landing ones caught accidentally.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์žกํžŒ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–‘๋ฅ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€์š”.
04:19
They're not protected in Ireland;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
in fact, they have no legislative status in Ireland whatsoever,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:24
despite our importance for the species
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:26
and also the historical context within which basking sharks reside.
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04:29
We know very little about them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:31
And most of what we do know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
04:33
is based on their habit of coming to the surface --
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์˜ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:36
we try and guess what they're doing from their behavior on the surface.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
I only found out last year, at a conference on the Isle of Man,
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์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์•„์ผ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋งจ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
04:42
just how unusual it is to live somewhere
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ
04:45
where basking sharks regularly, frequently and predictably
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์„ ์ชผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ”ํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•˜์ง€์š”.
04:49
come to the surface to "bask."
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
04:51
It's a fantastic opportunity for a scientist
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ง
04:54
to see and experience basking sharks.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
They are awesome creatures.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃ .
04:57
It gives us a fantastic opportunity to study them, to get access to them.
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์–ด์˜
05:00
What we've been doing for a couple years -- last year was a big year --
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์„œ์‹์ง€ ์ถฉ์„ฑ๋„์™€ ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
05:04
is we started tagging sharks,
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์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:06
so we could try to get some idea of sight fidelity and movement
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์ž‘๋…„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ด ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
and things like that.
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ณณ์€
05:10
So we concentrated mainly in North Donegal and West Kerry
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ๋”๋‹ˆ๊ณจ๊ณผ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ผ€๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:13
as the two areas where I was mainly active.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์˜€์ฃ .
05:16
And we tagged them very simply, not very high-tech,
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์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ธด ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ผฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:20
with a big, long pole.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ณดํ†ต ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€๋‚š์‹œ๋Œ€์ธ๋ฐ
05:21
This is a beachcaster rod with a tag on the end.
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๋์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
You go up in your boat and tag the shark.
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๋ณดํŠธ์—์„œ ์„œ์„œ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์ฃ .
05:27
And we were very effective.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
We tagged 105 sharks last summer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— 105๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
์ด๋‹ˆ์ˆ€ ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋Š”
05:32
We got 50 in three days off Inishowen Peninsula.
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3์ผ๊ฐ„์— 50๊ฐœ๋„ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
05:35
Half the challenge to get access
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
is to be in the right place at the right time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
05:39
But it's a very simple, easy technique; I'll show you what it looks like.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณดํŠธ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:43
We use a pole camera on the boat to actually film the shark.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€์— ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:46
One, it's to try and work out the gender of the shark.
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์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:48
We also deployed some satellite tags, so we did use high-tech stuff as well.
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์œ„์„ฑ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋„ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ ์ผ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๋ก์šฉ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ์ธ๋ฐ
05:52
These are archival tags.
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05:53
What they do is store the data.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์ฃ .
05:55
A satellite tag only works when the air is clear of the water
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์œ„์„ฑ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์œ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:58
and can send a signal to the satellite.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด์ฃ .
06:00
And sharks and fish are underwater most of the time,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ชฐ,
06:03
so this tag actually works out the locations of shark,
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06:05
depending on the timing and the setting of the sun,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜จ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
plus water temperature and depth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์ฃ .
06:11
And you have to kind of reconstruct the path.
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06:13
What happens is,
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์— ์ƒ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:14
you set the tag to detach from the shark after a fixed period --
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 8๊ฐœ์›”์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:17
in this case, eight months --
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ 8๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋‚  ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์œ„์„ฑ์—
06:19
and literally to the day, the tag popped off,
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06:21
drifted up, said hello to the satellite
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:23
and sent, not all the data, but enough data for us to use.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜
06:26
This is the only way to really work out their behavior and movements
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ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
when they're underwater.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And here's a couple of maps that we've done.
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06:33
In that one, you can see that we tagged both off Kerry.
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์ €๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ€๋ฆฌ ๊ทผํ•ด์—์„œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:36
Basically, it spent all its time, the last eight months, in Irish waters.
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์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 8๊ฐœ์›” ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ํ•ด์—ญ์—์„œ
์ง€๋‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋‚  ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ• ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
06:40
On Christmas, it was out on the shelf edge.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ง ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ๋Š”
06:42
Here's one we haven't ground-truthed yet
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์•„์ง ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
06:44
with sea-surface temperature and water depth,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ์–ด๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
06:46
but again, the second shark spent most of its time
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œํ•ด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
06:48
in and around the Irish Sea.
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์ž‘๋…„์— ์•„์ผ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋งจ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
06:50
Colleagues from the Isle of Man last year actually tagged one shark
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์ƒ์–ด ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:53
that went from the Isle of Man to Nova Scotia in about 90 days.
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๊ทธ๋†ˆ์€ ์•ฝ 90์ผ๋™์•ˆ์— ์•„์ผ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋งจ์„ฌ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ฐ”์Šค์ฝ”์‹œ์•„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:56
Nine and a half thousand kilometers -- we never thought that happened.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 9์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š”
07:00
Another colleague in the States tagged about 20 sharks off Massachusetts.
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๋ฉ”์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 20๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:03
His tags didn't really work.
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ณณ๊ณผ
07:05
All he knows is where he tagged them,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฐ–์— ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:07
and where they popped off.
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07:08
His tags popped off in the Caribbean,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ธ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์—์„œ๋„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
07:11
and even in Brazil.
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07:12
We thought basking sharks were temperate animals
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ›„ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
07:14
and lived in our latitudes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„๋„์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:16
but in actual fact, they're obviously crossing the equator as well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:19
So very simple things like that,
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:21
we're trying to learn about basking sharks.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:24
One thing that I think is a very surprising and strange thing
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์…๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:28
is just how low the genetic diversity of sharks is.
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์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
I'm not a geneticist, so I won't pretend to understand the genetics.
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์•„๋Š”์ฒ™ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:35
And that's why it's great to have collaboration.
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07:37
Whereas I'm a field person,
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ์„œ
07:39
I get panic attacks
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ํ•˜์–€ ๊ฐ€์šด์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
07:40
if I have to spend too many hours in a lab with a white coat on.
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๊ณตํ™ฉ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ฃ .
07:43
Take me away.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์„ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:45
So we can work with geneticists who understand that.
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07:47
So when they looked at the genetics of basking sharks,
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์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:50
they found that the diversity was incredibly low.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ค„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
07:53
If you look at the first line, really,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
you can see that all these different shark species are all quite similar.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
07:58
I think this means they're all sharks
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๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and they've come from a common ancestry.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ
08:02
But if you look at nucleotide diversity,
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08:04
which is more genetics that are passed on through the parents,
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์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด์ธ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:07
you see that basking sharks, if you look at the first study,
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š”, ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
08:10
was order of magnitude less diverse even than other shark species.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์–ด ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด
์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
You can see this work was only done in 2006.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2006๋…„์— ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:16
Before 2006, we had no idea of the genetic variability of basking sharks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2006๋…„ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ณ€์ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
์ €ํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋๋Š”์ง€,
08:20
We had no idea: Did they distinguish into different populations?
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๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:23
Were there subpopulations?
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08:24
And that's very important if you want to know
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜
์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
what the population size is, and the status of the animals.
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08:29
So, Les Noble in Aberdeen kind of found this a bit unbelievable, really.
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์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋…ธ๋ธ”์€
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
So he did another study using microsatellites,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:40
which is much more expensive, much more time-consuming,
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08:42
and to his surprise, came up with almost identical results.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:45
So it does seem to be that basking sharks, for some reason,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋Š”
์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
08:48
have incredibly low diversity.
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08:50
And it's thought maybe it was a genetic bottleneck,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•ฝ 12,000 ๋…„์ „์—
์œ ์ „์  ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:53
thought to have been 12,000 years ago,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
and this has caused a very low diversity.
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08:57
And yet, if you look at the whale shark,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜
08:59
which is the other plankton-eating large shark,
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ํฐ ์ƒ์–ด์ธ ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:02
its diversity is much greater.
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๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
So it doesn't really make sense at all.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ .
09:06
They found that there was no genetic differentiation
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ
์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:09
between any of the world's oceans of basking sharks:
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09:11
even though they're found throughout the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:13
you couldn't tell the difference, genetically,
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒœํ‰์–‘, ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋ž˜๋“œ, ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ,
09:15
from one from the Pacific, Atlantic, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa.
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๋‚จ์•„๊ณต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
They all basically seem the same.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด์ฃ .
09:21
Which, again, is kind of surprising; you wouldn't expect that.
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09:23
I don't understand or pretend to understand this;
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„๋งˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:26
I suspect most geneticists don't either,
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์–ด์จŒ๋˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์š”.
09:28
but they produce the numbers.
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09:29
So you can actually estimate the population size
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
์ด ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:32
based on the diversity of the genetics.
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๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšŒ์ ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜
09:34
And Rus Hoelzel came up with an effective population size:
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์œ ํšจ์ง‘๋‹จ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 8์ฒœ2๋ฐฑ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
8,200 animals.
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๊ทธ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
That's it -- 8,000 animals in the world.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— 8์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:42
You're thinking, "That's ridiculous. No way."
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ , ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋ฆฌ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:44
So Les did a finer study,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:46
and he found out it came out about 9,000.
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์•ฝ 9์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ƒˆ์ง€์š”.
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Using different microsatellites gave the different results,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€
09:52
but the mean of all these studies is about 5,000,
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์•ฝ 5์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
09:57
which I personally don't believe.
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09:58
But then, I am a skeptic.
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๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
But even if you toss a few numbers around,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์œ ํšจ์ง‘๋‹จ
10:02
you're probably talking an effective population of about 20,000 animals.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 2๋งŒ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์žก๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„ํ‚ฌ์—์„œ 70๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 50๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ
10:06
Do you remember how many they killed off Achill in the 70s and the 50s?
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๋ช‡๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์žก์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
10:10
So what it tells us, actually,
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์ด๋“ค ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋“ค์˜
10:12
is that there's actually a risk of extinction of this species
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฉธ์ข…์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—
10:15
because its population is so small.
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์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
In fact, of those 20,000,
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ 2๋งŒ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ค‘์— 8์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”๋†ˆ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
8,000 were thought to be females.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด ์•”๋†ˆ์ด 8์ฒœ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”?
10:21
There's only 8,000 basking shark females in the world?
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์ „ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
I don't know. I don't believe it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
10:26
The problem with this is they were constrained with samples.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
10:30
They didn't get enough samples
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10:31
to really explore the genetics in enough detail.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€
๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:35
So, where do you get samples from for your genetic analysis?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ตฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:40
Well, one obvious source is dead sharks --
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์•„๋งˆ ์ œ์ผ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ฃฝ์€ ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ๋ ค์˜ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:43
dead sharks, washed up.
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ์ผ๋…„์— ๋‘์„ธ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ
10:45
We might get two or three dead sharks washed up in Ireland a year,
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์ •๋„์˜ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์“ธ๋ ค์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
if we're kind of lucky.
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10:49
Another source would be fisheries' bycatch.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๋‹ค ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป ์žก๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์œ ๋ง์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฝค ๋ผ์ฃ .
10:52
We were getting quite a few caught in surface drift nets.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์œ ๋ง์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
10:55
That's banned now, and that'll be good news for the sharks.
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ํŠธ๋กค ์–ด์„  ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์—๋„ ๋ช‡๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์”ฉ ์žกํžˆ์ง€์š”.
10:58
And some are caught in nets, in trawls.
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10:59
This is a shark that was actually landed in Howth just before Christmas --
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์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์— ํ˜ธ์“ฐํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ
๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์–‘๋ฅ™๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . EU๋ฒ•์€ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์–‘๋ฅ™์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
11:03
illegally, because you're not allowed to do that under EU law --
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์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋‹น 8์œ ๋กœ์— ํŒ”๋ ธ์ฃ .
11:06
and was actually sold for eight euros a kilo as shark steak.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
11:09
They even put a recipe up on the wall,
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11:11
until they were told it was illegal.
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๋ฒฝ์— ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ™์˜€์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€์š”.
11:13
They actually did get a fine for that.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:15
So if you look at all those studies I showed you,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ
11:17
the total number of samples worldwide
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์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์ด๊ณ„๋Š” 86๊ฐœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
is 86, at present.
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์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ
11:22
So it's very important work,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
11:24
and they can ask some really good questions,
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž์™€
11:26
and tell us about population size and subpopulations and structure,
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๋ถ€์ฐจ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:30
but they're constrained by lack of samples.
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์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ์–ด ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ๋•Œ๋Š”
11:34
When we were out tagging our sharks --
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11:35
this is how we tagged them on the front of a RIB, get in there fast --
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๊ณ ์†๋‹จ์ •์˜ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์„œ์„œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:39
occasionally, the sharks do react.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋”๋‹ˆ๊ณจ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ ํ—ค๋“œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ
11:41
On one occasion, when we were up in Malin Head in Donegal,
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์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ ๋ณดํŠธ์˜ ์˜†์„ ๋•Œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:44
the shark smacked the side of the boat with his tail,
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11:46
more, I think, in startle to the fact that a boat came near it,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ผฝํ˜€์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณดํŠธ๊ฐ€
11:49
rather than the tag going in.
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์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ์ –๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:52
And that was fine. We got wet. No problem.
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์ €์™€ ์—๋ฉง์ด
11:55
And then when myself and Emmett got back to Malin Head, to the pier,
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฐ ํ—ค๋“œ์˜ ์ž”๊ต์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์ €๋Š”
๋ณดํŠธ์•ž์— ๊ฒ€์€ ์ ์•ก์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:59
I noticed some black slime on the front of the boat.
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12:01
I used to spend a lot of time on commercial fishing boats,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์—… ์–ด์„ ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํƒ€๋˜
๋‹น์‹œ์— ์–ด๋ง์— ๊ฒ€์€ ์ ์•ก์ด ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
12:04
and I remember fishermen saying
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12:05
they can tell when a basking shark has been caught in a net,
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:08
because it leaves a black slime behind.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ญ์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:10
So that must have come from the shark.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:12
Now, we had an interest in getting tissue samples for genetics
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:15
because we knew they were very valuable.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
12:17
We would use conventional methods;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—
12:19
I have a crossbow -- you see it in my hand there,
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„
12:21
which we use to sample whales and dolphins for genetic studies as well.
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์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„๊ถ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์„๊ถ์„ ์จ๋ณด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:25
So I tried that, I tried many techniques.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ด
12:27
All it was doing was breaking my arrows,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํŠผํŠผํ•ด์„œ ํ™”์‚ด๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์ฃ .
12:29
because the shark's skin is just so strong.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:31
There was no way we were going to get a sample from that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
12:34
That wasn't going to work.
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12:35
So when I saw the black slime on the bow of the boat,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฑƒ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€์€ ์ ์•ก์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
12:38
I thought, "If you take what you're given in this world ..."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด..." ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
12:41
So I scraped it off.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
12:42
I had a little tube with alcohol in it to send to the geneticists.
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์ž‘์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์— ๊ทธ ์ ์•ก์„ ๊ธ์–ด ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
12:47
So I scraped the slime off and sent it to Aberdeen,
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"์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:50
and said, "You might try that."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ์†๋„ ๋Œ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:51
And they sat on it for months.
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์•„์ผ์˜ค๋ธŒ๋งจ์—์„œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:53
It was only because we had a conference on the Isle of Man.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
12:56
But I kept emailing Les, saying,
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"์ ์•ก์„ ์•„์ง ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ดค๋ƒ?"๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
12:57
"Have you had a chance to look at my slime?"
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "๋„ค,๋„ค,๋„ค, ๋‚˜์ค‘์—,๋‚˜์ค‘์—์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:59
And he was like, "Yeah, yeah. Later."
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์–ด์จŒ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:01
He thought he'd better do it because I never met him before;
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚œ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
13:04
he might lose face if he hadn't done the thing I sent him.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•œ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ฒด๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์•ก์—์„œ DNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์ง€์š”.
13:07
And he was amazed that they actually got DNA from the slime.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฆํญ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•œ ํ›„
13:10
They amplified it and they tested it,
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๊ทธ ์ ์•ก์—์„œ ์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์˜ DNA๋ฅผ
13:12
and they found, yes, this was actually basking shark DNA,
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์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
13:14
which was got from the slime.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:17
So he was very excited.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ Simon์˜ ์ƒ์–ด ์ ์•ก์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
13:19
It became known as "Simon's shark slime."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์•„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ 
13:22
And I thought, "Hey, you know, I can build on this."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
13:25
So we thought, OK, we're going to try to get out and get some slime.
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์ ์•ก์„ ๋” ์–ป์–ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ„์„ฑ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 3500 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ
13:29
So having spent three-and-a-half thousand on satellite tags ...
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์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ‚ฌ๋ฃจ์‰ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋ฌผ์ ์—์„œ 7 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ 95ํŽœ์Šค๋ฅผ
13:35
I then thought I'd invest 7.95 -- the price is still on it --
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์„œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฑธ๋ ˆ ์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ 
13:38
in my local hardware store in Kilrush
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13:40
for a mop handle,
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- ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ ,
13:42
and even less money on some oven cleaners.
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์˜ค๋ธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ€์ฃ .
13:45
And I wrapped the oven cleaner around the edge of the mop handle
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋ ˆ ์ž๋ฃจ๋์— ์˜ค๋ธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ๊ณ 
์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ ์•ก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ• 
13:49
and ...
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13:50
(Laughter)
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
13:52
I was desperate to have an opportunity to get some sharks.
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ํ•™์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:55
And this was into August now, and normally sharks peak in June, July,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” 8์›”์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ 6์›”, 7์›”์ด ํ•œ์ฐฝ์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
14:00
and you rarely see them, or rarely can be in the right place
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8์›”๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:03
to find sharks into August.
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14:04
We were desperate, so we rushed out to the Blaskets
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์šฐ ์ดˆ์กฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๋ธ”๋ผ์Šค์ผ“์— ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ
14:07
as soon as we heard there were sharks there,
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14:09
and managed to find some sharks.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์ฃ .
14:10
So by just rubbing the mop handle down the shark
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ
๊ฑธ๋ ˆ ์†์žก์ด๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์„œ --
14:14
as it swam under the boat --
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14:15
you see a shark running under the boat here --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์ณ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ,
์ ์•ก์งˆ์„ ๋ญ์–ด๋ƒˆ์ง€์š”.
14:18
we managed to collect slime.
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14:19
And here it is.
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Look at that lovely black shark slime.
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์ € ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์ƒ์–ด ์ ์•ก์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:24
And in about half an hour, we got five samples.
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 30๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ์—
5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„, 5๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:29
Five individual sharks were sampled
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Simon์˜ ์ƒ์–ด ์ ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:31
using Simon's Shark Slime Sampling System.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:34
(Laughter)
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14:35
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ €๋Š” 20๋…„๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
14:41
I've been working on whales and dolphins in Ireland for 20 years now,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:44
and they're a bit more dramatic.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‘๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์›ฉ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์ฃผ์—์„œ
14:46
You probably saw the humpback whale footage
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์ฐ์€ ํ˜น๋“ฑ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
we got a month or two ago off County Wexford.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ›„์†์— ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:50
And you always think you might have some legacy
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14:52
you can leave the world behind,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ์œ„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”
14:54
and I was thinking of humpback whales breaching and dolphins.
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ํ˜น๋“ฑ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„์„œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
14:57
But hey -- sometimes these things are sent to you
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์ฃ .
14:59
and you just have to take them when they come.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€
15:01
So this is possibly going to be my legacy --
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Simon์˜ ์ƒ์–ด ์ ์•ก์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Simon's Shark Slime.
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„
15:05
We got more money this year
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์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋” ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
15:07
to carry on collecting more and more samples.
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15:09
One thing that is very useful is that we use a pole camera --
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ
์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ธ๋ฐ -- ์ด๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์กฐ์•ˆ์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  --
15:12
this is my colleague, Joanne, with a pole camera --
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐ‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:15
where you can look underneath the shark.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ธ๋ฐ ์ƒ์–ด์˜
15:17
What you're trying to look at is, the males have claspers,
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๋’ท์ชฝ ๋ฐ‘์— ๊ธฐ๊ฐ(์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ)์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด์ฃ .
15:20
which kind of dangle out behind the back of the shark.
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15:22
So you can quite easily tell the gender of the shark.
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์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
15:25
If we can tell the gender of the shark before we sample it,
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋จผ์ € ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ
๊ทธ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
we can tell the geneticist this was taken from a male or a female.
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์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
15:32
Because in the moment, they have no way, genetically,
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
15:34
of telling the difference between a male and a female,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
15:37
which I find staggering,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:38
because they don't know what primers to look for.
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์ƒ์–ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:41
Being able to tell the gender of a shark
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
15:43
is very important for things like policing the trade
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์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:47
in basking shark and other species through the sightings,
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:52
because it is illegal to trade in these sharks.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์žกํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
15:54
And they are caught and are on the market.
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ํ˜„์žฅ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
15:56
So as a field biologist,
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15:57
you just want to get encounters with these animals,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์–ด์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์„œ
๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
and learn as much as you can.
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16:01
They're often quite brief, they're often very seasonally constrained.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์งง๊ณ  ๊ณ„์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ, ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
You just want to learn as much as you can as soon as you can.
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์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
16:08
But isn't it fantastic
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16:09
that you can then offer these samples and opportunities
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:13
to other disciplines, such as the geneticists,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณด๋žŒ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
who can gain so much more from that.
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16:18
So as I said, these things are sent to you in strange ways.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
16:22
Grab them while you can.
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16:23
I'll take that as my scientific legacy.
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์ €๋Š” ์ ์•ก์„ ์ œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์œ ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:25
Hopefully, I might get something a bit more dramatic and romantic
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ์ „์— ์ข€ ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
16:28
before I die.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„์€ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:30
But for the time being, thank you for that.
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๊ณ„์† ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:32
And keep an eye out for sharks.
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16:33
If you're more interested, we have a basking shark website now set up.
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๋Œ๋ฌต์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
So thank you and thank you for listening.
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16:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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