Why I still have hope for coral reefs | Kristen Marhaver

84,486 views ใƒป 2017-08-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: eunseo cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
The first time I cried underwater
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด
00:15
was in 2008,
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2008๋…„์—
00:16
the island of Curaรงao,
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ํ•ด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ ์„ฌ์—์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
way down in the southern Caribbean.
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00:20
It's beautiful there.
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์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์› ์–ด์š”.
00:22
I was studying these corals for my PhD,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:25
and after days and days of diving on the same reef,
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๊ทธ ์•”์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
00:27
I had gotten to know them as individuals.
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์ ์  ๊ทธ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
I had made friends with coral colonies --
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‘˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:32
totally a normal thing to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Then, Hurricane Omar smashed them apart and ripped off their skin,
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์˜ค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ณ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ๊ณ 
00:39
leaving little bits of wounded tissue that would have a hard time healing,
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ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋งŒํผ ์†์ƒ๋œ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ
00:44
and big patches of dead skeleton that would get overgrown by algae.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋“ค๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
When I saw this damage for the first time,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์นญ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•”์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:50
stretching all the way down the reef,
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์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜์ž…์€ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:52
I sunk onto the sand in my scuba gear
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์ „ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
and I cried.
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00:55
If a coral could die that fast,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:57
how could a reef ever survive?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:00
And why was I making it my job to try to fight for them?
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์ €๋Š” ์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ œ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:03
I never heard another scientist tell that kind of story
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
until last year.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
01:08
A scientist in Guam wrote,
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๊ดŒ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:10
"I cried right into my mask,"
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"์ƒ์ฒ˜์ž…์€ ์•”์ดˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:12
seeing the damage on the reefs.
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01:15
Then a scientist in Australia wrote,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:17
"I showed my students the results of our coral surveys,
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"์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:20
and we wept."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:22
Crying about corals is having a moment, guys.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
01:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:26
And that's because reefs in the Pacific
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋“ค์ด
01:28
are losing corals faster than we've ever seen before.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Because of climate change,
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:32
the water is so hot for so long in the summers,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
01:35
that these animals can't function normally.
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
They're spitting out the colored algae that lives in their skin,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฑ‰์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
01:41
and the clear bleached tissue that's left usually starves to death
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฑํ™”๋œ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์€
๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์ฉ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
and then rots away.
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01:48
Then the skeletons are overgrown by algae.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์€ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•ด์ดˆ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ด๊ณ  ๋ง์ฃ .
01:51
This is happening over an unbelievable scale.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
The Northern Great Barrier Reef lost two-thirds of its corals last year
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋ฆฌํ”„๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•œํ•ด
์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
over a distance of hundreds of miles,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋งˆ์ผ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ฃ .
02:00
then bleached again this year,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฑํ™”ํ•ด
02:02
and the bleaching stretched further south.
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๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Reefs in the Pacific are in a nosedive right now,
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ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
and no one knows how bad it's going to get,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
except ...
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์˜ค์ง...
02:12
over in the Caribbean where I work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
02:14
we've already been through the nosedive.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธ‰๊ฐ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Reefs there have suffered through centuries of intense human abuse.
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์— ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
We kind of already know how the story goes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ์ง€ ์ง์ž‘ํ•ด์š”.
02:23
And we might be able to help predict what happens next.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:27
Let's consult a graph.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:32
Since the invention of scuba,
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ์ดํ›„
02:33
scientists have measured the amount of coral on the seafloor,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ด์ € ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ
02:36
and how it's changed through time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
And after centuries of ratcheting human pressure,
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์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์••๋ฐ• ์†์—์„œ
02:41
Caribbean reefs met one of three fates.
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Some reefs lost their corals very quickly.
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์–ด๋–ค ์•”์ดˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:49
Some reefs lost their corals more slowly,
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๋ช‡์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹จ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์žƒ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:52
but kind of ended up in the same place.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
OK, so far this is not going very well.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง„ ์•Š๊ตฐ์š”.
02:58
But some reefs in the Caribbean --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋“ค์€
03:00
the ones best protected
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
03:02
and the ones a little further from humans --
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์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
03:05
they managed to hold onto their corals.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Give us a challenge.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:11
And, we almost never saw a reef hit zero.
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 0์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ ์•”์ดˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
The second time I cried underwater
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ์šธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:18
was on the north shore of Curaรงao, 2011.
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2011๋…„, ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ ์„ฌ์˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
It was the calmest day of the year,
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ํ•œ ํ•ด์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž”์ž”ํ•œ ๋‚ ์ด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
03:23
but it's always pretty sketchy diving there.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:26
My boyfriend and I swam against the waves.
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๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ „ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ—ค์—„์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
I watched my compass so we could find our way back out,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
03:30
and he watched for sharks,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:32
and after 20 minutes of swimming that felt like an hour,
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ๋˜ 20๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
03:35
we finally dropped down to the reef,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์•”์ดˆ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
and I was so shocked,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ 
03:38
and I was so happy
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ
03:40
that my eyes filled with tears.
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๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
There were corals 1,000 years old lined up one after another.
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1000์‚ด์ด ๋„˜์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์ค„์ง€์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:48
They had survived the entire history of European colonialism in the Caribbean,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๊ณ 
03:53
and for centuries before that.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
I never knew what a coral could do when it was given a chance to thrive.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
The truth is that even as we lose so many corals,
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์ง„์‹ค์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ 
04:06
even as we go through this massive coral die-off,
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
04:09
some reefs will survive.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡์€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ณ 
04:11
Some will be ragged on the edge,
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๋ช‡์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
some will be beautiful.
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04:15
And by protecting shorelines and giving us food to eat
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ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
04:18
and supporting tourism,
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๊ด€๊ด‘์ž์›์ด ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:20
they will still be worth billions and billions of dollars a year.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ์–ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
The best time to protect a reef was 50 years ago,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” 50๋…„ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:26
but the second-best time is right now.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Even as we go through bleaching events,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฐฑํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„
04:33
more frequent and in more places,
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๋” ์ž์ฃผ, ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
04:35
some corals will be able to recover.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
We had a bleaching event in 2010 in the Caribbean
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์—์„œ
04:41
that took off big patches of skin on boulder corals like these.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”์œ„์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์‚ด์ ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฑํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
This coral lost half of its skin.
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์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:48
But if you look at the side of this coral a few years later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋’ค ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜†๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
04:53
this coral is actually healthy again.
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์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
It's doing what a healthy coral does.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:57
It's making copies of its polyps,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด ํ•ด์ดˆ์— ๋งž์จ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
it's fighting back the algae
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05:01
and it's reclaiming its territory.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
If a few polyps survive,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ํด๋ฆฝ์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:05
a coral can regrow;
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
05:06
it just needs time and protection and a reasonable temperature.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋ฟ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Some corals can regrow in 10 years --
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” 10๋…„๋งŒ์— ์ž๋ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:13
others take a lot longer.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
But the more stresses we take off them locally --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ์š”์ธ๋“ค
05:17
things like overfishing, sewage pollution, fertilizer pollution,
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๋‚จํš, ํ์ˆ˜์˜ค์—ผ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ์˜ค์—ผ
05:21
dredging, coastal construction --
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ํ•˜์ฒœ๊ณต์‚ฌ, ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
05:23
the better they can hang on as we stabilize the climate,
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๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ณ 
05:26
and the faster they can regrow.
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๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And as we go through the long, tough and necessary process
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ํ—˜๋‚œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
05:33
of stabilizing the climate of planet Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:36
some new corals will still be born.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
This is what I study in my research.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
We try to understand how corals make babies,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:44
and how those babies find their way to the reef,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์•”์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:46
and we invent new methods to help them survive
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋•๋Š”
05:49
those early, fragile life stages.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
One of my favorite coral babies of all time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:54
showed up right after Hurricane Omar.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์˜ค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
It's the same species I was studying before the storm,
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:59
but you almost never see babies of this species --
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์ข…์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชป๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
it's really rare.
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์ •๋ง ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:03
This is actually an endangered species.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉธ์ข…์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
In this photo, this little baby coral, this little circle of polyps,
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ์‚ฐํ˜ธ, ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์›ํ˜• ํด๋ฆฝ์€
06:09
is a few years old.
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๋ช‡ ์‚ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Like its cousins that bleach,
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๋ฐฑํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:13
it's fighting back the algae.
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ํ•ด์กฐ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And like its cousins on the north shore,
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๋ถ์ชฝ ํ•ด์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:16
it's aiming to live for 1,000 years.
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์ฒœ๋…„์„ ์‚ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
What's happening in the world and in the ocean
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€
06:23
has changed our time horizon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
We can be incredibly pessimistic on the short term,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด๊ฒŒ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ง ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์• ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
and mourn what we lost
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06:30
and what we really took for granted.
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06:34
But we can still be optimistic on the long term,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
and we can still be ambitious about what we fight for
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
06:39
and what we expect from our governments,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ถ€, ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:42
from our planet.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:44
Corals have been living on planet Earth for hundreds of millions of years.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
They survived the extinction of the dinosaurs.
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๊ณต๋ฃก์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข… ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์ฃ .
06:50
They're badasses.
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์™„์ „ ๋…์ข…๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
06:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:53
An individual coral can go through tremendous trauma and fully recover
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ๋’ค
๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:58
if it's given a chance and it's given protection.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Corals have always been playing the long game,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ „์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:05
and now so are we.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Thanks very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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