Linda Hill: How to manage for collective creativity

316,690 views ใƒป 2015-03-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: YERI OH ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I have a confession to make.
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๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
I'm a business professor
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ณ ,
00:15
whose ambition has been to help people learn to lead.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
But recently, I've discovered
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
that what many of us think of as great leadership
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
00:22
does not work when it comes to leading innovation.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:25
I'm an ethnographer.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฏผ์กฑํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
I use the methods of anthropology
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค
00:28
to understand the questions in which I'm interested.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So along with three co-conspirators,
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์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:33
I spent nearly a decade observing up close and personal
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์„
00:37
exceptional leaders of innovation.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
We studied 16 men and women,
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์ด 16๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€
00:41
located in seven countries across the globe,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 7๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:44
working in 12 different industries.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 12๊ฐœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
In total, we spent hundreds of hours on the ground,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ง€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
00:49
on-site, watching these leaders in action.
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
We ended up with pages and pages and pages of field notes
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์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„
00:56
that we analyzed and looked for patterns in what our leaders did.
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๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:59
The bottom line?
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
If we want to build organizations that can innovate time and again,
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:05
we must unlearn our conventional notions of leadership.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žŠ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Leading innovation is not about creating a vision,
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:11
and inspiring others to execute it.
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๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
But what do we mean by innovation?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
An innovation is anything that is both new and useful.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋ž€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
It can be a product or service.
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์ œํ’ˆ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:21
It can be a process or a way of organizing.
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์ ˆ์ฐจ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
It can be incremental, or it can be breakthrough.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:27
We have a pretty inclusive definition.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:29
How many of you recognize this man?
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
01:31
Put your hands up.
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์† ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:34
Keep your hands up, if you know who this is.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
01:42
How about these familiar faces?
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์ด ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด๋“ค์€์š”?
01:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:46
From your show of hands,
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์†๋“œ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณด์•„
01:47
it looks like many of you have seen a Pixar movie,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
01:50
but very few of you recognized Ed Catmull,
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์—๋“œ ์บํŠธ๋ฉ€์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
01:53
the founder and CEO of Pixar --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์ด์ž CEO์ด๊ณ 
01:55
one of the companies I had the privilege of studying.
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
My first visit to Pixar was in 2005,
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2005๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ
02:01
when they were working on "Ratatouille,"
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"๋ผ๋”ฐ๋šœ์ด"๋ฅผ ์ž‘์—…์ค‘์ด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:03
that provocative movie about a rat becoming a master chef.
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์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฅ˜์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์˜ํ™”์˜€์ฃ .
02:06
Computer-generated movies are really mainstream today,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:10
but it took Ed and his colleagues nearly 20 years
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Ed์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋…„ ์ „์—
02:13
to create the first full-length C.G. movie.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์žฅํŽธ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:16
In the 20 years hence, they've produced 14 movies.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, 14ํŽธ์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
I was recently at Pixar, and I'm here to tell you
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋„ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‹ด์ปจ๋ฐ
02:23
that number 15 is sure to be a winner.
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15๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ํ™”๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํฅํ–‰ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
When many of us think about innovation, though,
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๋ณดํ†ต ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:28
we think about an Einstein having an 'Aha!' moment.
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
But we all know that's a myth.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Innovation is not about solo genius,
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
it's about collective genius.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
02:40
Let's think for a minute about what it takes to make a Pixar movie:
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์ž ๊น ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?:
02:44
No solo genius, no flash of inspiration produces one of those movies.
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ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฒˆ๋œฉ์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
On the contrary, it takes about 250 people four to five years,
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250๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 4-5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
์ด ํ•œ ํŽธ์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:54
to make one of those movies.
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02:55
To help us understand the process,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:58
an individual in the studio drew a version of this picture.
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์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์˜ ํ•œ ์ง์›์ด ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
He did so reluctantly,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด ํ•ด์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:03
because it suggested that the process was a neat series of steps
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์„
03:07
done by discrete groups.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Even with all those arrows, he thought it failed to really tell you
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋†”๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
03:13
just how iterative, interrelated and, frankly, messy their process was.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:18
Throughout the making of a movie at Pixar, the story evolves.
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
So think about it.
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์ž, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:26
Some shots go through quickly.
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:29
They don't all go through in order.
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์ „๋ถ€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
It depends on how vexing the challenges are
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:34
that they come up with when they are working on a particular scene.
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์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So if you think about that scene in "Up"
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์˜ํ™” '์—…'์˜ ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
03:40
where the boy hands the piece of chocolate to the bird,
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์€
03:44
that 10 seconds took one animator almost six months to perfect.
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10์ดˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
The other thing about a Pixar movie
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์€
03:52
is that no part of the movie is considered finished
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์–ด๋Š ์žฅ๋ฉด๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
until the entire movie wraps.
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์ตœ์ข… ํŽธ์ง‘์ด ๋๋‚ ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง„์š”.
03:56
Partway through one production, an animator drew a character
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ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ, ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด๋•Œ
04:00
with an arched eyebrow that suggested a mischievous side.
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฉด์„ ์‚ด๋ ค์„œ ๋ˆˆ์น์„ ํœ˜์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
When the director saw that drawing, he thought it was great.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋…์ด ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
It was beautiful, but he said,
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์•„์ฃผ ์˜ˆ์˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ ,
04:09
"You've got to lose it; it doesn't fit the character."
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"๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ชป์“ฐ๊ฒ ์–ด; ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์— ์•ˆ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„."
04:12
Two weeks later, the director came back and said,
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2์ฃผ ๋’ค์—, ๊ฐ๋…์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ ,
04:14
"Let's put in those few seconds of film."
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"์˜ํ™”์— ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ์ฏค ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ณด์ž."
04:16
Because that animator was allowed to share
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
04:19
what we referred to as his slice of genius,
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๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:22
he was able to help that director reconceive the character
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๊ฐ๋…์ด ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:26
in a subtle but important way that really improved the story.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
What we know is, at the heart of innovation is a paradox.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์—ญ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
You have to unleash the talents and passions of many people
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:39
and you have to harness them into a work that is actually useful.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Innovation is a journey.
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ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
It's a type of collaborative problem solving,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์  ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ๋ฐ
04:48
usually among people who have different expertise
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๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
04:51
and different points of view.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด์ฃ .
04:53
Innovations rarely get created full-blown.
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ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง„ ์ฑ„ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
As many of you know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด,
04:58
they're the result, usually, of trial and error.
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ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฃ .
05:01
Lots of false starts, missteps and mistakes.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ์ž‘, ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Innovative work can be very exhilarating,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:08
but it also can be really downright scary.
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์ •๋ง ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋”์ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:13
So when we look at why it is that Pixar is able to do what it does,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
05:19
we have to ask ourselves, what's going on here?
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:23
For sure, history and certainly Hollywood,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ—๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ
05:26
is full of star-studded teams that have failed.
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Most of those failures are attributed
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํŒจ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์ธ์€
05:31
to too many stars or too many cooks, if you will, in the kitchen.
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ, ์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๊ณต์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:36
So why is it that Pixar, with all of its cooks,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ณต๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ ๋„
05:40
is able to be so successful time and time again?
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๋ฒˆ๋ฒˆ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:45
When we studied an Islamic Bank in Dubai,
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๋‘๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์€ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜,
05:48
or a luxury brand in Korea, or a social enterprise in Africa,
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ํ˜น์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:53
we found that innovative organizations
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์€
05:55
are communities that have three capabilities:
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๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
05:57
creative abrasion, creative agility and creative resolution.
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฒฉ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Creative abrasion is about being able to create a marketplace of ideas
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด๋ž€ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:07
through debate and discourse.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์žฅํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
In innovative organizations, they amplify differences,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
they don't minimize them.
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์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Creative abrasion is not about brainstorming,
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์œ ์˜ˆํ•˜๋Š”
06:17
where people suspend their judgment.
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๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
No, they know how to have very heated but constructive arguments
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ,
06:23
to create a portfolio of alternatives.
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๊ณผ์—ด๋์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋ฒ•์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Individuals in innovative organizations
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์€
06:28
learn how to inquire, they learn how to actively listen, but guess what?
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์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
06:33
They also learn how to advocate for their point of view.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ”ผ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
They understand that innovation rarely happens
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ, ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ–์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
06:39
unless you have both diversity and conflict.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Creative agility is about being able to test and refine that portfolio of ideas
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฒฉ์„ฑ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
through quick pursuit, reflection and adjustment.
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์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ, ๋ฐ˜์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ฃผ๋„ํ˜• ๋ฐฐ์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
06:52
It's about discovery-driven learning
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06:53
where you act, as opposed to plan, your way to the future.
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๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
It's about design thinking where you have that interesting combination
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
07:00
of the scientific method and the artistic process.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
It's about running a series of experiments, and not a series of pilots.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Experiments are usually about learning.
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์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
When you get a negative outcome,
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ๋„
07:12
you're still really learning something that you need to know.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:15
Pilots are often about being right.
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์˜ˆ๋น„์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋งž๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
When they don't work, someone or something is to blame.
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์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์„ ํƒ“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
The final capability is creative resolution.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
This is about doing decision making
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์ด๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
07:26
in a way that you can actually combine even opposing ideas
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์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
07:30
to reconfigure them in new combinations
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ 
07:33
to produce a solution that is new and useful.
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
When you look at innovative organizations, they never go along to get along.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
They don't compromise.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
They don't let one group or one individual dominate,
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ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
even if it's the boss, even if it's the expert.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฑด, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:50
Instead, they have developed
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋” ์ธ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
a rather patient and more inclusive decision making process
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07:55
that allows for both/and solutions to arise
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'๋‘˜ ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:59
and not simply either/or solutions.
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'๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ง๊ตฌ์š”.
08:01
These three capabilities are why we see
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
08:05
that Pixar is able to do what it does.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Let me give you another example,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
08:12
and that example is the infrastructure group of Google.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:14
The infrastructure group of Google is the group
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€
08:17
that has to keep the website up and running 24/7.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So when Google was about to introduce Gmail and YouTube,
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์ง€๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ์œ ํˆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ,
08:25
they knew that their data storage system wasn't adequate.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
08:28
The head of the engineering group and the infrastructure group at that time
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ์€
08:32
was a man named Bill Coughran.
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๋นŒ ์ปค๋žœ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:35
Bill and his leadership team, who he referred to as his brain trust,
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๋นŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ํŒ€์€, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํŒ€์ธ๋ฐ,
08:39
had to figure out what to do about this situation.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํƒ€๊ฐœํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:43
They thought about it for a while.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
Instead of creating a group to tackle this task,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
08:48
they decided to allow groups to emerge spontaneously
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๊ฐ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„
08:52
around different alternatives.
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๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Two groups coalesced.
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๋‘ ํŒ€์ด ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๋ค˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:57
One became known as Big Table,
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ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋น… ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”(BT)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:00
the other became known as Build It From Scratch.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ '์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ'(BFS)๋ž€ ํŒ€์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:03
Big Table proposed that they build on the current system.
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BT๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:06
Build It From Scratch proposed that it was time for a whole new system.
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BFS๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Separately, these two teams were allowed to work full-time
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์ด ๋‘ ํŒ€์€ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์—
09:14
on their particular approach.
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์ „๋…ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
In engineering reviews, Bill described his role as,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ›„๊ธฐ์—, ๋นŒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:19
"Injecting honesty into the process by driving debate."
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"ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์— ์†”์งํ•จ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ."
09:24
Early on, the teams were encouraged to build prototypes so that they could
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์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
09:28
"bump them up against reality and discover for themselves
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"์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
09:32
the strengths and weaknesses of their particular approach."
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ" ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:35
When Build It From Scratch shared their prototype with the group
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BSF์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:38
whose beepers would have to go off in the middle of the night
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด
09:41
if something went wrong with the website,
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ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์Œ์ด ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—,
09:43
they heard loud and clear about the limitations of their particular design.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
As the need for a solution became more urgent
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ 
09:51
and as the data, or the evidence, began to come in,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜น์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ,
09:54
it became pretty clear that the Big Table solution
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BT์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
was the right one for the moment.
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10:00
So they selected that one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ BT์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:02
But to make sure that they did not lose the learning
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ BFS๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ์ ๋“ค๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:04
of the Build it From Scratch team,
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10:06
Bill asked two members of that team to join a new team that was emerging
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๋นŒ์€ BFS ํŒ€์› ๋‘˜์„ ์ƒˆ ํŒ€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ
10:10
to work on the next-generation system.
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์ฐจ๊ธฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
This whole process took nearly two years,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์€ 2๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ
10:17
but I was told that they were all working at breakneck speed.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์ •์‹ ์—†์ด ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:21
Early in that process, one of the engineers had gone to Bill and said,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋นŒ์—๊ฒŒ
10:24
"We're all too busy for this inefficient system
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"ํŒ€์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์š”."
10:27
of running parallel experiments."
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10:30
But as the process unfolded, he began to understand
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
10:33
the wisdom of allowing talented people to play out their passions.
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์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
10:37
He admitted, "If you had forced us to all be on one team,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:41
we might have focused on proving who was right, and winning,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ
10:44
and not on learning and discovering what was the best answer for Google."
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:50
Why is it that Pixar and Google are able to innovate time and again?
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
10:53
It's because they've mastered the capabilities required for that.
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ํ˜์‹ ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:57
They know how to do collaborative problem solving,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
10:59
they know how to do discovery-driven learning
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ๋„์  ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
11:01
and they know how to do integrated decision making.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:04
Some of you may be sitting there and saying to yourselves right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
11:07
"We don't know how to do those things in my organization.
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:10
So why do they know how to do those things at Pixar,
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์™œ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€,
11:13
and why do they know how to do those things at Google?"
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์™œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ?"
11:16
When many of the people that worked for Bill told us,
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๋นŒ๊ณผ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ,
11:19
in their opinion, that Bill was one of the finest leaders in Silicon Valley,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋นŒ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:25
we completely agreed; the man is a genius.
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์ €๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ฒœ์žฌ์—์š”.
11:29
Leadership is the secret sauce.
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์€ ์‹ ๋น„์˜ ๋น„๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
But it's a different kind of leadership,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
11:34
not the kind many of us think about when we think about great leadership.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
One of the leaders I met with early on said to me,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”,
11:42
"Linda, I don't read books on leadership.
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"๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์ „ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ์ฑ…์€ ์•ˆ ์ฝ์–ด์š”.
11:46
All they do is make me feel bad." (Laughter)
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์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”." (์›ƒ์Œ)
11:49
"In the first chapter they say I'm supposed to create a vision.
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"1์žฅ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:52
But if I'm trying to do something that's truly new, I have no answers.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑธ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:56
I don't know what direction we're going in
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
11:58
and I'm not even sure I know how to figure out how to get there."
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ์š”."
12:01
For sure, there are times when visionary leadership
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด
12:04
is exactly what is needed.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
12:06
But if we want to build organizations that can innovate time and again,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:09
we must recast our understanding of what leadership is about.
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Leading innovation is about creating the space
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ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:17
where people are willing and able to do the hard work
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํž˜๋“  ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
12:20
of innovative problem solving.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
At this point, some of you may be wondering,
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์ด ์ฏค์—์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
"What does that leadership really look like?"
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"๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ์•ผ?"
12:29
At Pixar, they understand that innovation takes a village.
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ˜์‹ ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
The leaders focus on building a sense of community
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:37
and building those three capabilities.
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12:40
How do they define leadership?
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:42
They say leadership is about creating a world
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
to which people want to belong.
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12:46
What kind of world do people want to belong in at Pixar?
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ์ƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
A world where you're living at the frontier.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
What do they focus their time on?
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์ž๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ด๋””์— ์Ÿ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
12:53
Not on creating a vision.
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๋น„์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Instead they spend their time thinking about,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ฐ์ฃ .
12:57
"How do we design a studio that has the sensibility of a public square
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ด‘์žฅ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„๋Š” ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ
13:02
so that people will interact?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
13:04
Let's put in a policy that anyone, no matter what their level or role,
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๊ทœ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด, ์ง๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด,
13:08
is allowed to give notes to the director
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๊ฐ๋…์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž.
13:09
about how they feel about a particular film.
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€.
13:12
What can we do to make sure
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์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
13:14
that all the disruptors, all the minority voices in this organization,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
13:18
speak up and are heard?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
13:20
And, finally, let's bestow credit in a very generous way."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—”๋”ฉ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ž."
13:24
I don't know if you've ever looked at the credits of a Pixar movie,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์—”๋”ฉ ํฌ๋ž˜๋”ง์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:27
but the babies born during a production are listed there.
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ค‘์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„๊ธฐ ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์—์š”.
13:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:31
How did Bill think about what his role was?
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๋นŒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:34
Bill said, "I lead a volunteer organization.
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๋นŒ์€, "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ด๋ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Talented people don't want to follow me anywhere.
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์ธ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚  ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
13:42
They want to cocreate with me the future.
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๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
13:45
My job is to nurture the bottom-up
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๋‚ด ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‹ฆ์•„ ๋†“๊ณ 
13:48
and not let it degenerate into chaos."
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
13:51
How did he see his role?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ดค์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:52
"I'm a role model, I'm a human glue,
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"์ „ ๋กค๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๊ณ ,
13:55
I'm a connector, I'm an aggregator of viewpoints.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:58
I'm never a dictator of viewpoints."
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋…์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:00
Advice about how you exercise the role?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
14:02
Hire people who argue with you.
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฝ‘์œผ์„ธ์š”.
14:05
And, guess what?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:06
Sometimes it's best to be deliberately fuzzy and vague.
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๊ณ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์• ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Some of you may be wondering now,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋“œ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:12
what are these people thinking?
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
14:14
They're thinking,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:15
"I'm not the visionary, I'm the social architect.
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"๋‚œ ์„ ์ง€์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋‹ค.
14:18
I'm creating the space where people are willing and able
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ด์ •์„
14:22
to share and combine their talents and passions."
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๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
14:25
If some of you are worrying now that you don't work at a Pixar,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ ,
ํ˜น์€ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:28
or you don't work at a Google,
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14:30
I want to tell you there's still hope.
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์•„์ง ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
14:33
We've studied many organizations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์—๋Š”
14:35
that were really not organizations you'd think of
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
as ones where a lot of innovation happens.
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14:40
We studied a general counsel in a pharmaceutical company
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ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
14:43
who had to figure out how to get the outside lawyers,
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์˜์ž…ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
19 competitors, to collaborate and innovate.
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19๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:48
We studied the head of marketing at a German automaker
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ํ•œ ๋…์ผ ์ž๋™์ฐจํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ž„์›๋“ค์€
14:52
where, fundamentally, they believed that it was the design engineers,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:55
not the marketeers, who were allowed to be innovative.
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๋””์ž์ธ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
14:59
We also studied Vineet Nayar at HCL Technologies,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  HCL ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์•„์›ƒ์†Œ์‹ฑํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ์ธ
15:03
an Indian outsourcing company.
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๋น„๋‹ˆํŠธ ๋‚˜์•ผ๋ฅด๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:05
When we met Vineet,
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๋น„๋‹ˆํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ,
15:06
his company was about, in his words, to become irrelevant.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ง‰ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋˜ ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
We watched as he turned that company into a global dynamo of I.T. innovation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ IT ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
15:16
At HCL technologies, like at many companies,
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HCL ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
15:19
the leaders had learned to see their role as setting direction
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ญํ• ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
and making sure that no one deviated from it.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:27
What he did is tell them it was time for them
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15:31
to think about rethinking what they were supposed to do.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
15:34
Because what was happening is that everybody was looking up
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋“ค ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:37
and you weren't seeing the kind of bottom-up innovation
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์•„๋ž˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:40
we saw at Pixar or Google.
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
15:43
So they began to work on that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
They stopped giving answers, they stopped trying to provide solutions.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
Instead, what they did is they began to see
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
the people at the bottom of the pyramid, the young sparks,
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์žฌ๊ธฐ๋ฐœ๋ž„ํ•œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
15:55
the people who were closest to the customers,
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๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:58
as the source of innovation.
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ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
16:00
They began to transfer the organization's growth
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
to that level.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ์š”.
16:07
In Vineet's language, this was about inverting the pyramid
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๋น„๋‹ˆํŠธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์„œ
16:10
so that you could unleash the power of the many
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์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฅ์–ด์งœ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
16:13
by loosening the stranglehold of the few,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
16:16
and increase the quality and the speed of innovation
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ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
16:19
that was happening every day.
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
For sure, Vineet and all the other leaders that we studied
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋น„๋‹ˆํŠธ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€
16:27
were in fact visionaries.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
For sure, they understood that that was not their role.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
16:35
So I don't think it is accidental that many of you did not recognize Ed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
Because Ed, like Vineet, understands that our role as leaders
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋‹ˆํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
16:44
is to set the stage, not perform on it.
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ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:49
If we want to invent a better future,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:51
and I suspect that's why many of us are here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์™€ ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
16:55
then we need to reimagine our task.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
Our task is to create the space
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
where everybody's slices of genius
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
17:04
can be unleashed and harnessed,
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17:08
and turned into works of collective genius.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
17:11
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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