Dan Berkenstock: The world is one big dataset. Now, how to photograph it ...

61,716 views ・ 2014-02-04

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Myung Soo Kim κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
Five years ago, I was a Ph.D. student
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5λ…„μ „ μ €λŠ” 박사과정에 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
00:15
living two lives.
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두 개의 삢을 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
In one, I used NASA supercomputers
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚˜μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μŠˆνΌμ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ
00:19
to design next-generation spacecraft,
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μ‹ μ„ΈλŒ€ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” μ‚Άμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
00:21
and in the other I was a data scientist
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚Άμ—μ„œλŠ”
00:24
looking for potential smugglers
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λ―Όκ°ν•œ ν•΅ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ νƒˆμ·¨ν•˜λ €λŠ” 잠재적인
00:26
of sensitive nuclear technologies.
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도둑듀을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆλŠ” 데이터 κ³Όν•™μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
As a data scientist, I did a lot of analyses,
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데이터 κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” μ„€λΉ„, 즉
00:32
mostly of facilities,
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세계 곳곳의 산업섀비듀을
00:34
industrial facilities around the world.
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많이 λΆ„μ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
And I was always looking for a better canvas
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 항상 이것듀을 μ—°κ²°ν• 
00:39
to tie these all together.
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μ–΄λ–€ νŒμ„ μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
And one day, I was thinking about how
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ν•˜λ£¨λŠ” μ™œ λͺ¨λ“  데이터듀이 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό
00:43
all data has a location,
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κ°€μ§€λŠ”μ§€ 생각을 ν•΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
and I realized that the answer
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κ·Έλ•Œμ„œμ•Ό 해닡이
00:47
had been staring me in the face.
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μ•„μ£Ό λͺ…λ°±ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Although I was a satellite engineer,
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μ œκ°€ μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„± κΈ°μˆ μžμ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
00:51
I hadn't thought about using satellite imagery
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μœ„μ„±μ‚¬μ§„λ“€μ„ 제 일에 μ΄μš©ν• 
00:54
in my work.
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생각을 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜κ±°μ£ .
00:56
Now, like most of us, I'd been online,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ 저도
00:58
I'd see my house, so I thought,
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인터넷 μœ„μ„±μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ 제 집을 λ΄€μ£ .
01:00
I'll hop in there and I'll start looking up
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 산업섀비듀을
01:02
some of these facilities.
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보렀고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
And what I found really surprised me.
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그리고 κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ†€λžλ˜ 것은
01:05
The pictures that I was finding
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μ œκ°€ 보고 있던 κ·Έ 사진듀이
01:07
were years out of date,
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λͺ‡ λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ 였래된 κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
and because of that,
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κ·Έλ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έ 사진듀은
01:10
it had relatively little relevance
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  있던 일과
01:12
to the work that I was doing today.
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 거의 관련이 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:14
But I was intrigued.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› μ–΄μš”.
01:16
I mean, satellite imagery is pretty amazing stuff.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κ·Έ μœ„μ„±μ‚¬μ§„λ“€μ€ μ°Έ λ†€λΌμš΄ κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
There are millions and millions of sensors
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 감지기가
01:21
surrounding us today,
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우리λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:22
but there's still so much we don't know on a daily basis.
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아직도 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것듀이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
How much oil is stored in all of China?
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ–Όλ§ŒνΌμ˜ μ„μœ κ°€ μ €μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:29
How much corn is being produced?
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μ˜₯μˆ˜μˆ˜λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 많이 재배되고 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
01:32
How many ships are in all of our world's ports?
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 항ꡬ에 선박이 총 λͺ‡ λŒ€λ‚˜ λ κΉŒμš”?
01:36
Now, in theory, all of these questions
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ΄λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄
01:39
could be answered by imagery,
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μœ„μ„±μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ 닡을 얻을 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:41
but not if it's old.
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였래된 사진이라면 닡을 λͺ» κ΅¬ν•˜μ£ .
01:43
And if this data was so valuable,
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그리고 이 데이터가 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:45
then how come I couldn't get my hands
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μ™œ μ €λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 졜근의 사진듀을
01:47
on more recent pictures?
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κ΅¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:50
So the story begins over 50 years ago
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자, 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 50λ…„ μ „
01:53
with the launch of the first generation
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 1μ„ΈλŒ€ μ •μ°°μœ„μ„±μ˜
01:55
of U.S. government photo reconnaissance satellites.
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μš΄μ˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And today, there's a handful
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ”
02:00
of the great, great grandchildren
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μ˜› λƒ‰μ „μ‹œλŒ€ κΈ°κ³„μ˜
02:02
of these early Cold War machines
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λ¨Ό 후손인 μœ„μ„±λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
which are now operated by private companies
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적은 μˆ˜μ΄μ§€λ§Œ λ―Όκ°„ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μš΄μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
and from which the vast majority of satellite imagery
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ œκ°€ λ‚ λ§ˆλ‹€ λ³΄λŠ” μœ„μ„± μ‚¬μ§„μ˜
02:09
that you and I see on a daily basis comes.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λ―Όκ°„ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
During this period, launching things into space,
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μš”μ¦˜ μ‹œκΈ°μ— 우주둜 μœ„μ„±μ„ μ˜¬λ €λ†“μœΌλ €κ³ 
02:14
just the rocket to get the satellite up there,
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λ‘œμΌ“μ„ λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은
02:17
has cost hundreds of millions of dollars each,
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각각의 λ‘œμΌ“λ§Œ 따져도 μˆ˜μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
and that's created tremendous pressure
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λΆ€λ‹΄ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:23
to launch things infrequently
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κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό 자주 λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ 
02:26
and to make sure that when you do,
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ν•œλ²ˆ λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜λ©΄
02:27
you cram as much functionality in there as possible.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ κΈ°λŠ₯듀을 λ„£μœΌλ €κ³  μ• λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ”κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
All of this has only made satellites
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이런 행동듀은 μœ„μ„±λ“€μ„
02:32
bigger and bigger and bigger
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더 크고, 크게 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„ 뿐이며
02:35
and more expensive,
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λΉ„μš©λ„ 더 λ“€μ–΄κ°”κ³ 
02:36
now nearly a billion, with a b, dollars per copy.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜λ‹Ή 거의 μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ 듀어가기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Because they are so expensive,
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κ·Έ μœ„μ„±λ“€μ€ μ•„μ£Ό λΉ„μ‹ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:43
there aren't very many of them.
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κ·Έ μˆ˜λŠ” λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Because there aren't very many of them,
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μˆ«μžκ°€ λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°μ—
02:46
the pictures that we see on a daily basis
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚ λ§ˆλ‹€ λ³΄λŠ” κ·Έ μœ„μ„± 사진듀은
02:48
tend to be old.
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였래된 κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
I think a lot of people actually understand this anecdotally,
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 이것을 μ΄μ•ΌκΉƒκ±°λ¦¬λ‘œ 이해할 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
but in order to visualize just how sparsely
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ“œλ¬Έλ“œλ¬Έ 찍은 μ§€κ΅¬μ˜
02:56
our planet is collected,
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μœ„μ„± 사진듀을 μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜λ €κ³ 
02:57
some friends and I put together a dataset
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό μ €λŠ” 2000λ…„κ³Ό 2010년사이에
03:00
of the 30 million pictures that have been gathered
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찍은 3천만 μž₯의 μœ„μ„±μ‚¬μ§„λ“€μ„
03:02
by these satellites between 2000 and 2010.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일을 ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:06
As you can see in blue, huge areas of our world
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μ—¬κΈ° ν‘Έλ₯Έ 색 ν‘œμ‹œλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ역을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:08
are barely seen, less than once a year,
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일년에 ν•œλ²ˆ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ λ³΄λŠ” 거의 보지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
and even the areas that are seen most frequently,
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그리고 정말 '자주' λ³΄λŠ” 지역듀인
03:13
those in red, are seen at best once a quarter.
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뢉은색 뢀뢄듀도 ν•œ 뢄기에 ν•œ λ²ˆμ”© λ³΄λŠ”λ° κ·ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Now as aerospace engineering grad students,
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자, 항곡 우주 곡학 μ „κ³΅μ˜ λŒ€ν•™μ›μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
03:20
this chart cried out to us as a challenge.
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이 ν‘œλŠ” μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ λ„μ „μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ˜€μ£ .
03:23
Why do these things have to be so expensive?
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μ™œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 κΌ­ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λΉ„μ‹Έμ•Όλ§Œ ν• κΉŒμš”?
03:27
Does a single satellite really have to cost
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ν•œ 개의 μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ΄ μ •λ§λ‘œ
03:30
the equivalent of three 747 jumbo jets?
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μ„Έ λŒ€μ˜ 747 점보 μ œνŠΈκΈ°μ™€ 같은 값을 ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
03:34
Wasn't there a way to build a smaller,
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더 μž‘κ³ , 더 κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ³ , μƒˆλ‘œμš΄
03:37
simpler, new satellite design that could enable
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μœ„μ„±μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 법은 μ—†μ„κΉŒ? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
03:40
more timely imaging?
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λ•Œλ§žκ²Œ 사진을 찍을 수 μ—†μ„κΉŒ?
03:42
I realize that it does sound a little bit crazy
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κ°‘μžκΈ° μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ² λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
03:45
that we were going to go out and just
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미친 μ†Œλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ 듀릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŒμ„
03:47
begin designing satellites,
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저도 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ
03:49
but fortunately we had help.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 도움을 μ–»μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:51
In the late 1990s, a couple of professors
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1990λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜ λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜λ“€μ€
03:53
proposed a concept for radically reducing the price
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우주 κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 가격을 근본적으둜 쀄일 λ§Œν•œ
03:57
of putting things in space.
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κ°œλ…μ„ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
This was hitchhiking small satellites
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그건 λ°”λ‘œ μž‘μ€ μœ„μ„±μ„ νŽΈμŠΉν•˜λ“―
04:01
alongside much larger satellites.
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큰 μœ„μ„±μ— λΆ™μ—¬ 같이 λ‚ λ €λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
04:04
This dropped the cost of putting objects up there
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이 방법은 μš°μ£Όμ— μ˜μ•„μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” 가격을
04:07
by over a factor of 100,
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1/100 μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ 쀄일 수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
04:09
and suddenly we could afford to experiment,
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그둜 인해 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈˆμ „μ  여건이 λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:12
to take a little bit of risk,
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ³ 
04:13
and to realize a lot of innovation.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ ν˜μ‹ λ“€μ„ ν˜„μ‹€ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:16
And a new generation of engineers and scientists,
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그리고 μƒˆ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 곡학도와 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€,
04:19
mostly out of universities,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨λŠ”λ°
04:20
began launching these very small,
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그듀은 νλΈŒμ…‹μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” λΉ΅μƒμžν¬κΈ°μ˜
04:23
breadbox-sized satellites called CubeSats.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μœ„μ„±μ„ μ˜μ•„μ˜¬λ¦¬κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
And these were built with electronics obtained
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그리고 이것듀은 λ‘νžˆλ“œλ§ˆν‹΄μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:28
from RadioShack instead of Lockheed Martin.
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λΌλ””μ˜€μƒ‰μ—μ„œ κ΅¬ν•œ μ „μžμ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
04:32
Now it was using the lessons learned from these early missions
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그것은 제 μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ μ œκ°€ μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„± 섀계λ₯Ό
04:34
that my friends and I began a series of sketches
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μ‹œμž‘ν•œ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— 얻은 κ²½ν—˜μ„
04:37
of our own satellite design.
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살리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
And I can't remember a specific day
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μœ„μ„±μ„
04:42
where we made a conscious decision
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λ§Œλ“€κ² λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ„μ μΈ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦°
04:43
that we were actually going to go out and build these things,
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μ •ν™•ν•œ 날은 κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
04:46
but once we got that idea in our minds
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일단 우리 마음 속에
04:48
of the world as a dataset,
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세계λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 데이터 μ„ΈνŠΈλ‘œ 보고
04:51
of being able to capture millions of data points
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κ·Έλ‚  κ·Έλ‚ μ˜ μ„Έκ³„κ²½μ œλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
04:53
on a daily basis describing the global economy,
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수백만개의 데이터 포인트λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„λ‚Ό 수 있으며
04:56
of being able to unearth billions of connections
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μ—¬νƒœκ» 보지 λͺ»ν•œ
04:59
between them that had never before been found,
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅κ°œμ˜ 연결고리듀을 κ°€μ‹œν™”ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:02
it just seemed boring
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 일을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이
05:03
to go work on anything else.
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μ§€λ£¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
And so we moved into a cramped,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우린 νŒ”λ‘œ μ•Œν† μ˜
05:09
windowless office in Palo Alto,
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비쒁고 창문도 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λ¬΄μ‹€λ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬
05:12
and began working to take our design
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κ΅¬μƒλ§Œν•˜λ˜ λ””μžμΈμ„
05:14
from the drawing board into the lab.
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μ‹€μ œ 결과물둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
05:17
The first major question we had to tackle
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆλ˜ 첫 번째 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
05:20
was just how big to build this thing.
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"이것을 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 크게 지어야 ν•˜λŠ”κ°€" μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
In space, size drives cost,
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μš°μ£Όκ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” 크기가 곧 λˆμ΄μ–΄μ„œ
05:25
and we had worked with these very small,
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우린 이걸 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
05:27
breadbox-sized satellites in school,
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ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ λΉ΅μƒμž 크기의 μœ„μ„±μ„ μ œμž‘ν•˜λ“―μ΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
but as we began to better understand the laws of physics,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 물리학 법칙을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄ ν• μˆ˜λ‘
05:32
we found that the quality of pictures
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μž‘μ€ μœ„μ„±μ΄ 찍을 수 μžˆλŠ” 사진은
05:34
those satellites could take was very limited,
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질이 μ œν•œλ  수 밖에 μ—†μŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ£ .
05:37
because the laws of physics dictate
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 물리학 법칙에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
05:39
that the best picture you can take through a telescope
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λ§μ›κ²½μœΌλ‘œ 찍을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 사진은
05:42
is a function of the diameter of that telescope,
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λ§μ›κ²½μ˜ 직경 배율의 κΈ°λŠ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 것이고
05:44
and these satellites had a very small,
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이듀 μœ„μ„±μ€ 정말 μž‘κ³ 
05:46
very constrained volume.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ œν•œλœ λΆ€ν”Όμ˜€κ±°λ“ μš”.
05:48
And we found that the best picture we would
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 졜고의 사진은
05:50
have been able to get looked something like this.
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이 μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
Although this was the low-cost option,
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λΆ„λͺ… μ €μ˜ˆμ‚°μ„ μ„ νƒν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:54
quite frankly it was just too blurry
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μ†”μ§νžˆ 말해 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ νλ¦Ών•΄μ„œ
05:56
to see the things that make satellite imagery valuable.
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μœ„μ„± μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κΈ°μ—λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆμ£ .
05:59
So about three or four weeks later,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 3-4μ£Ό 정도 후에
06:02
we met a group of engineers randomly
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우린 λͺ‡μ‹­λͺ…μ˜ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ„ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
who had worked on the first
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그듀은 졜초둜 사섀 μ˜μƒνƒμ‚¬μœ„μ„±μ„
06:06
private imaging satellite ever developed,
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λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ°μ— κ³΅ν—Œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
06:09
and they told us that back in the 1970s,
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μ €ν¬μ—κ²Œ 70λ…„λŒ€ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ“€λ €μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
the U.S. government had found a powerful
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κ·Έ λ•Œ λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 졜적의 κ΅ν™˜μ‘°κ±΄μ„
06:13
optimal tradeoff --
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μ„±λ¦½μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
06:14
that in taking pictures at right about one meter resolution,
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ 1 λ―Έν„° 해상도,
06:18
being able to see objects one meter in size,
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1λ―Έν„° 크기의 물체λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ§Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
06:20
they had found that they could not just get very high-quality images,
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κ³ ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 이미지λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” 것은 νž˜λ“€μ§€λ§Œ
06:23
but get a lot of them at an affordable price.
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μ μ ˆν•œ 가격에 λ§Žμ€ 사진을 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
From our own computer simulations,
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우리 λ‚˜λ¦„μ˜ 컴퓨터 λͺ¨μ˜μ‹€ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ
06:28
we quickly found that one meter really was
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1λ―Έν„°κ°€ 정말
06:30
the minimum viable product
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μ‹€ν–‰ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ΅œμ†Œμ˜ μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
06:32
to be able to see the drivers of our global economy,
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세계 경제λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄κ°€λŠ” 좕을 λ³Ό 수 있고
06:35
for the first time, being able to count
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처음으둜
06:36
the ships and cars and shipping containers and trucks
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λ°°, μ°¨, μ„ λ°•, 선적 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ, 트럭이
06:39
that move around our world on a daily basis,
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μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚ λ§ˆλ‹€ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 동ν–₯을 νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
06:42
while conveniently still not being able to see individuals.
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아직 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ…€ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
06:46
We had found our compromise.
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우린 νƒ€ν˜‘μ μ„ μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
We would have to build something larger
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μ›λž˜ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ 것 λΉ΅μƒμžλ³΄λ‹€
06:49
than the original breadbox,
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더 크게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
06:51
now more like a mini-fridge,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μž‘μ€ 냉μž₯κ³  ν¬κΈ°μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:52
but we still wouldn't have to build a pickup truck.
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ν”½μ—…νŠΈλŸ­ ν¬κΈ°λ§ŒνΌμ€ ν•„μš”μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
06:55
So now we had our constraint.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우린 μ œμ•½μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
The laws of physics dictated
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물리학 법칙듀이 μ’Œμš°ν•˜λŠ”
06:59
the absolute minimum-sized telescope that we could build.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§μ›κ²½μ˜ μ ˆλŒ€ μ΅œμ†Œ 크기가 있죠.
07:03
What came next was making the rest of the satellite
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ˜ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λ₯Ό κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
07:06
as small and as simple as possible,
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μž‘κ³  κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠.
07:07
basically a flying telescope with four walls
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기본적으둜 λ„€ 벽으둜 이루어진 λΉ„ν–‰ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 망원경이고
07:10
and a set of electronics smaller than a phone book
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μ „μž μž₯비듀은 μ „ν™”λ²ˆν˜ΈλΆ€ 책보닀 μž‘μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
07:13
that used less power than a 100 watt lightbulb.
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100W 전ꡬ보닀 적은 μ „λ ₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
The big challenge became actually taking
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사싀 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것은
07:18
the pictures through that telescope.
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λ§μ›κ²½μœΌλ‘œ 사진을 μ°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
Traditional imaging satellites use a line scanner,
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전톡적인 λ°©μ‹μ˜ μ˜μƒνƒμ‚¬μœ„μ„±μ€ 라인 μŠ€μΊλ„ˆλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°
07:24
similar to a Xerox machine,
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볡사기와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
and as they traverse the Earth, they take pictures,
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그것듀은 지ꡬλ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λ©° 사진을 찍고
07:28
scanning row by row by row
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μ™„μ „ν•œ 이미지λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:30
to build the complete image.
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열에 따라 μ°¨λ‘€μ°¨λ‘€ μŠ€μΊ”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
Now people use these because they get a lot of light,
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이제 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이것듀을 λ§Žμ€ 빛을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°
07:35
which means less of the noise you see
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μ €κ°€ νœ΄λŒ€ν° μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ
07:37
in a low-cost cell phone image.
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λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆκ°€ κ°μ†Œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
The problem with them is they require
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 이것듀이
07:42
very sophisticated pointing.
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정말 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμš΄ 쑰쀀을 μš”κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
07:44
You have to stay focused on a 50-centimeter target
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50cm의 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 960km λ°–μ—μ„œ
07:46
from over 600 miles away
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계속 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ°μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
while moving at more than seven kilometers a second,
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7km/s둜 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 와쀑에 말이죠.
07:50
which requires an awesome degree of complexity.
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정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ •λ„μ˜ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
So instead, we turned to a new generation of video sensors,
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μ„Όμ„œλ₯Ό λ΄€κ³ 
07:57
originally created for use in night vision goggles.
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이것은 본래 μ•Όκ°„μš© κ³ κΈ€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
08:00
Instead of taking a single, high quality image,
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ν•œμž₯의 κ³ ν’ˆμ§ˆ 이미지λ₯Ό μ°λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—
08:03
we could take a videostream
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μ˜μƒμ„ 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
of individually noisier frames,
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각각은 흐린 ν”„λ ˆμž„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
08:07
but then we could recombine
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이 λͺ¨λ“  ν”„λ ˆμž„μ„
08:09
all of those frames together
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λ‹€μ‹œ 합쳐
08:10
into very high-quality images
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κ³ ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 이미지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
using sophisticated pixel processing techniques
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μ •κ΅ν•œ ν”½μ…€ 처리 κΈ°μˆ μ„
08:15
here on the ground,
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μ§€μƒμ—μ„œ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
08:16
at a cost of one one hundredth a traditional system.
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전톡적인 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ„ 1/100 둜 μ€„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
And we applied this technique
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„
08:20
to many of the other systems on the satellite as well,
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μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„±μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ“€μ— μ μš©ν•΄λ³Ό 수 있고
08:23
and day by day, our design evolved
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ 우리의 λ””μžμΈλ„
08:26
from CAD to prototypes
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CADμ—μ„œ μ›ν˜•,
08:30
to production units.
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μƒμ‚°μ‹œμ„€λ‘œ μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
A few short weeks ago,
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뢈과 λͺ‡μ£Ό μ „,
08:34
we packed up SkySat 1,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄μƒ› 1 을 μ‹Έμ„œ
08:36
put our signatures on it,
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우리의 μ„œλͺ…을 λΆ™μ—¬
08:38
and waved goodbye for the last time on Earth.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 인사λ₯Ό κ±΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
Today, it's sitting in its final launch configuration
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였늘 λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ΅œμ’… λ°œμ‚¬λ°°μ—΄λ‘œ μžλ¦¬μž‘μ•„
08:44
ready to blast off in a few short weeks.
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λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ‚΄λ‘œ λ°œμ‚¬λ˜κΈΈ 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
And soon, we'll turn our attention to launching
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곧 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
08:49
a constellation of 24 or more of these satellites
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24개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μœ„μ„±μ„ 더 λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬
08:52
and beginning to build the scalable analytics
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 뢄석을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  것이며
08:55
that will allow us to unearth the insights
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•  νŽ˜νƒ€λ°”μ΄νŠΈμ˜ 데이터에 λ‹΄κΈ΄
08:57
in the petabytes of data we will collect.
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μˆ¨μ€ μ˜λ―Έλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
So why do all of this? Why build these satellites?
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이것을 μ™œ ν•˜κ³  μ™œ μœ„μ„±μ„ λ§Œλ“œλƒκ΅¬μš”?
09:04
Well, it turns out imaging satellites
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음, μœ„μ„± μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
09:07
have a unique ability to provide global transparency,
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ꡭ제적 투λͺ…성을 얻을 수 있으며
09:10
and providing that transparency on a timely basis
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 투λͺ…성을 λ•Œλ§žκ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것은
09:13
is simply an idea whose time has come.
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κ·Έμ € 그런 λ•Œκ°€ μ™”λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
09:16
We see ourselves as pioneers of a new frontier,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리λ₯Ό μƒˆ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ„ κ΅¬μžλ‘œ 보고 있으며
09:20
and beyond economic data,
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경제적 데이터λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄
09:22
unlocking the human story, moment by moment.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μˆœκ°„μˆœκ°„ ν’€μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λ¦¬λΌ κΈ°λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
For a data scientist
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어릴 λ•Œ μš°μ£Όκ³Όν•™ μΊ ν”„λ₯Ό
09:27
that just happened to go to space camp as a kid,
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μ°Έμ„ν–ˆλ˜ 데이터 κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
09:30
it just doesn't get much better than that.
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이것보닀 더 쒋을 것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”.
09:32
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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