Jonathan Foley: The other inconvenient truth

30,582 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jun Sik Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Surie Lee
00:13
Tonight, I want to have a conversation about
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค, ์ €๋Š”
00:14
this incredible global issue
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:16
that's at the intersection of land use, food and environment,
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๋•…์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์Œ์‹, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:21
something we can all relate to,
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and what I've been calling the other inconvenient truth.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ '๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
But first, I want to take you on a little journey.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋จผ์ €, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งง์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Let's first visit our planet, but at night,
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์šฐ์„  ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐค์„
00:31
and from space.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:33
This is what our planet looks like from outer space
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉด
00:36
at nighttime, if you were to take a satellite and travel
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๋ฐค์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
around the planet. And the thing you would notice first,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:41
of course, is how dominant the human presence
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€
00:44
on our planet is.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋…๋ณด์ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
We see cities, we see oil fields,
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๋„์‹œ, ์œ ์ „๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
you can even make out fishing fleets in the sea,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์–ด์„ ๋‹จ๋„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์š”.
00:52
that we are dominating much of our planet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค์— ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
00:54
and mostly through the use of energy
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์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:56
that we see here at night.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
But let's go back and drop it a little deeper
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ
01:00
and look during the daytime.
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๋‚ฎ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:02
What we see during the day is our landscapes.
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๋‚ฎ์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
This is part of the Amazon Basin, a place called Rondรดnia
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ,
01:09
in the south-center part of the Brazilian Amazon.
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'๋ก ๋„๋‹ˆ์•„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์กด ๋ถ„์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
If you look really carefully in the upper right-hand corner,
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์šฐ์ธก ์ƒ๋‹จ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
01:16
you're going to see a thin white line,
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๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ํฐ ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
which is a road that was built in the 1970s.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
If we come back to the same place in 2001,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ 2001๋…„์— ๋ณด๋ฉด,
01:25
what we're going to find is that these roads
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๋„๋กœ๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๋” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
spurt off more roads, and more roads after that,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋„๋กœ ๋์—๋Š”
01:31
at the end of which is a small clearing in the rainforest
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์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ์ค‘์•™์— ํ…… ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:34
where there are going to be a few cows.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
These cows are used for beef. We're going to eat these cows.
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์ด ์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์‹์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
And these cows are eaten basically in South America,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์— ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
in Brazil and Argentina. They're not being shipped up here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„์ชฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
But this kind of fishbone pattern of deforestation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š”
01:48
is something we notice a lot of around the tropics,
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ด๋Œ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
01:51
especially in this part of the world.
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
If we go a little bit further south in our little tour of the world,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:56
we can go to the Bolivian edge of the Amazon,
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์•„๋งˆ์กด์˜ ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„์ชฝ ๋์ž๋ฝ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
here also in 1975, and if you look really carefully,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ 1975๋…„๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:03
there's a thin white line through that kind of seam,
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๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ํฐ ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
and there's a lone farmer out there
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์›์‹œ๋ฆผ์—๋Š”
02:08
in the middle of the primeval jungle.
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์™ธ๋กœ์šด ๋†๋ถ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:10
Let's come back again a few years later, here in 2003,
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๋ช‡๋…„ ๋’ค์ธ 2003๋…„์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:15
and we'll see that that landscape actually looks
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
02:17
a lot more like Iowa than it does like a rainforest.
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์•„์ด์˜ค์™€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ‰์ง€๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
In fact, what you're seeing here are soybean fields.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ฝฉ ๋†์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
These soybeans are being shipped to Europe and to China
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๋œ ์ฝฉ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
as animal feed, especially after the mad cow disease scare
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ํŠนํžˆ 10๋…„ ์ „ ๊ด‘์šฐ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ ์ดํ›„์—
02:30
about a decade ago, where we don't want to feed animals
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:33
animal protein anymore, because that can transmit disease.
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๊ฐ€์ถ•์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋จน์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Instead, we want to feed them more vegetable proteins.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋จน์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:39
So soybeans have really exploded,
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์ฝฉ์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์  ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:41
showing how trade and globalization are
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๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€
02:44
really responsible for the connections to rainforests
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์•„๋งˆ์กด๊ณผ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ์›์ธ์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
and the Amazon -- an incredibly strange
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
02:49
and interconnected world that we have today.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Well, again and again, what we find as we look
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์งง์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:54
around the world in our little tour of the world
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๊ณ„์† ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:56
is that landscape after landscape after landscape
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋•…๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™๋˜์–ด
03:00
have been cleared and altered for growing food
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์ด
03:03
and other crops.
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์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So one of the questions we've been asking is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
03:08
how much of the world is used to grow food,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”์ง€,
03:10
and where is it exactly, and how can we change that
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
03:12
into the future, and what does it mean?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ง€, ๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Well, our team has been looking at this on a global scale,
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ
03:18
using satellite data and ground-based data kind of to track
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์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ง€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ…Œ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
03:21
farming on a global scale.
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์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:23
And this is what we found, and it's startling.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
03:27
This map shows the presence of agriculture
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜
03:29
on planet Earth.
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๋†์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The green areas are the areas we use to grow crops,
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฐ€, ์ฝฉ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜, ์Œ€ ๋“ฑ
03:35
like wheat or soybeans or corn or rice or whatever.
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๊ณก๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
That's 16 million square kilometers' worth of land.
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์ด 1,600 ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
If you put it all together in one place,
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ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:44
it'd be the size of South America.
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๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
The second area, in brown, is the world's pastures
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์€
03:49
and rangelands, where our animals live.
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๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
That area's about 30 million square kilometers,
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์ด 3์ฒœ ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„๋˜๊ณ 
03:54
or about an Africa's worth of land,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งž๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
a huge amount of land, and it's the best land, of course,
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์ •๋ง ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด์ฃ . ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ซ—์€ ๋•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
is what you see. And what's left is, like,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€๊ฑด
04:02
the middle of the Sahara Desert, or Siberia,
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰, ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋˜๋Š”
04:04
or the middle of a rain forest.
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์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
We're using a planet's worth of land already.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋•…์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
If we look at this carefully, we find it's about 40 percent
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
04:12
of the Earth's land surface is devoted to agriculture,
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์œก์ง€์˜ 40%๊ฐ€ ๋†์ง€์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and it's 60 times larger
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์ด ๋ฉด์ ์€
04:17
than all the areas we complain about,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ป—์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ„
04:20
our suburban sprawl and our cities where we mostly live.
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๋„์‹œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ๊ณผ ๋„์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ค 60๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Half of humanity lives in cities today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:26
but a 60-times-larger area is used to grow food.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ 60๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So this is an amazing kind of result,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and it really shocked us when we looked at that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
So we're using an enormous amount of land for agriculture,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์œก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋†์ง€๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:37
but also we're using a lot of water.
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
This is a photograph flying into Arizona,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
and when you look at it, you're like,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
04:43
"What are they growing here?" It turns out
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ญ˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?" ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
they're growing lettuce in the middle of the desert
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ
04:47
using water sprayed on top.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์„œ ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Now, the irony is, it's probably sold
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์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์–‘๋ฐฐ์ถ”๋“ค์ด ์•„๋งˆ
04:51
in our supermarket shelves in the Twin Cities.
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์•„ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ์„ธ์ธํŠธํด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
But what's really interesting is, this water's got to come
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋จผ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์™”์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
04:56
from some place, and it comes from here,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
04:58
the Colorado River in North America.
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„๊ฐ•์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Well, the Colorado on a typical day in the 1950s,
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„๊ฐ•์˜ ํ‰์†Œ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
this is just, you know, not a flood, not a drought,
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ญ„๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:06
kind of an average day, it looks something like this.
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๊ทธ์ € ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋‚ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
But if we come back today, during a normal condition
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
05:11
to the exact same location, this is what's left.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
The difference is mainly irrigating the desert for food,
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋†์ง€๋‚˜
05:18
or maybe golf courses in Scottsdale, you take your pick.
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์Šค์บ‡๋ฐ์ผ์˜ ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Well, this is a lot of water, and again, we're mining water
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
05:24
and using it to grow food,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
and today, if you travel down further down the Colorado,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„๊ฐ•์˜ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:30
it dries up completely and no longer flows into the ocean.
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
We've literally consumed an entire river in North America
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ• ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
05:36
for irrigation.
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๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Well, that's not even the worst example in the world.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
This probably is: the Aral Sea.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์•„๋ž„ํ•ด์˜ ํ”์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Now, a lot you will remember this from your geography classes.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
This is in the former Soviet Union
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์•„๋ž„ํ•ด๋Š” ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ์šฐ์ฆˆ๋ฒกํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ์‚ฌ์ด
05:48
in between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan,
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๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋ จ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ๋˜
05:50
one of the great inland seas of the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋‚ดํ•ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
But there's kind of a paradox here, because it looks like
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์Œ“์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
it's surrounded by desert. Why is this sea here?
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์™œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:58
The reason it's here is because, on the right-hand side,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ์ธก์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
06:00
you see two little rivers kind of coming down
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
through the sand, feeding this basin with water.
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์ด ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Those rivers are draining snowmelt from mountains
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋…น์€ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
far to the east, where snow melts, it travels down the river
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๋ˆˆ ๋…น์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ํƒ€๊ณ 
06:12
through the desert, and forms the great Aral Sea.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Well, in the 1950s, the Soviets decided to divert that water
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์†Œ๋ จ์€ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐํšŒ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
06:19
to irrigate the desert to grow cotton, believe it or not,
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๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์นด์žํ์Šคํƒ„์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์„œ
06:22
in Kazakhstan, to sell cotton to the international markets
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๋ชฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ํŒ”๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
to bring foreign currency into the Soviet Union.
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์™ธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:27
They really needed the money.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Well, you can imagine what happens. You turn off
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
the water supply to the Aral Sea, what's going to happen?
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์•„๋ž„ ํ•ด์˜ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐํšŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
06:34
Here it is in 1973,
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1973๋…„์˜ ์•„๋ž„ํ•ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
1986,
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1986๋…„,
06:39
1999,
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1999๋…„,
06:42
2004,
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2004๋…„,
06:45
and about 11 months ago.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 11๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
It's pretty extraordinary.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Now a lot of us in the audience here live in the Midwest.
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์ž, ๊ฐ์„์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”
06:55
Imagine that was Lake Superior.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ์–ดํ˜ธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:57
Imagine that was Lake Huron.
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ํœด๋Ÿฐํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:01
It's an extraordinary change.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
This is not only a change in water and
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:05
where the shoreline is, this is a change in the fundamentals
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด์˜
07:07
of the environment of this region.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
Let's start with this.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
The Soviet Union didn't really have a Sierra Club.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์†Œ๋ จ์€ ์‹œ์—๋ผ ํด๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
Let's put it that way.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:14
So what you find in the bottom of the Aral Sea ain't pretty.
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์•„๋ž„ํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
There's a lot of toxic waste, a lot of things
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์œ ๋…์„ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
07:20
that were dumped there that are now becoming airborne.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
One of those small islands that was remote
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€์–ด์„œ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์„ฌ๋“ค ์ค‘
07:24
and impossible to get to was a site
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:26
of Soviet biological weapons testing.
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์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
You can walk there today.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Weather patterns have changed.
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๋‚ ์”จ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Nineteen of the unique 20 fish species found only
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์•„๋ž„ํ•ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ 20์ข…์˜ ์–ด๋ฅ˜๋„
07:35
in the Aral Sea are now wiped off the face of the Earth.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This is an environmental disaster writ large.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ์•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
But let's bring it home.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋” ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
This is a picture that Al Gore gave me a few years ago
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
07:45
that he took when he was in the Soviet Union
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์•จ ๊ณ ์–ด(Al Gore)๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „ ์†Œ๋ จ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฐ์–ด์„œ
07:46
a long, long time ago,
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๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
showing the fishing fleets of the Aral Sea.
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์•„๋ž„ํ•ด์˜ ์–ด์„ ๋‹จ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
You see the canal they dug?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:53
They were so desperate to try to, kind of, float the boats into
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์†Œ๋ จ์€ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ‰๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:55
the remaining pools of water, but they finally had to give up
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:57
because the piers and the moorings simply couldn't
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์ ์  ๋ฌผ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด
08:00
keep up with the retreating shoreline.
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๋ถ€๋‘์™€ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
I don't know about you, but I'm terrified that future
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:04
archaeologists will dig this up and write stories about
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:06
our time in history, and wonder, "What were you thinking?"
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"๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ง€?"๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ธ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Well, that's the future we have to look forward to.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
We already use about 50 percent of the Earth's fresh water
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ์ค‘
08:15
that's sustainable, and agriculture alone
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์ด๋ฏธ 50%๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:17
is 70 percent of that.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 70%๋Š” ๋†์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
So we use a lot of water, a lot of land for agriculture.
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋•…๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
We also use a lot of the atmosphere for agriculture.
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Usually when we think about the atmosphere,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋Œ€๊ธฐ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:29
we think about climate change and greenhouse gases,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋“ฑ
08:31
and mostly around energy,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
but it turns out agriculture is one of the biggest emitters
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์˜ ์›์ธ ์ค‘
08:36
of greenhouse gases too.
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๋†์—…๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
If you look at carbon dioxide from
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์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ์„ ํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”
08:40
burning tropical rainforest,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ,
08:42
or methane coming from cows and rice,
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์†Œ, ์Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ,
08:45
or nitrous oxide from too many fertilizers,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์•„์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
08:48
it turns out agriculture is 30 percent of the greenhouse
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ค‘ 30%๋Š”
08:51
gases going into the atmosphere from human activity.
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๋†์—… ํ™œ๋™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
That's more than all our transportation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต,
08:55
It's more than all our electricity.
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์ „๊ธฐ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค
08:57
It's more than all other manufacturing, in fact.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
It's the single largest emitter of greenhouse gases
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๋†์—…์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™๋ณด๋‹ค
09:03
of any human activity in the world.
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And yet, we don't talk about it very much.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So we have this incredible presence today of agriculture
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋†์—…์€
09:11
dominating our planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
whether it's 40 percent of our land surface,
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์œก์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ 40%,
09:15
70 percent of the water we use,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ 70%,
09:17
30 percent of our greenhouse gas emissions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ์›์ธ์˜ 30%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:20
We've doubled the flows of nitrogen and phosphorus
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
09:23
around the world simply by using fertilizers,
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์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ธ์˜ ์œ ํ†ต์ด ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:25
causing huge problems of water quality from rivers,
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๊ฐ•, ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์—
09:28
lakes, and even oceans, and it's also the single biggest
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ 
09:31
driver of biodiversity loss.
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ƒ์‹ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So without a doubt, agriculture is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€ ์—†์ด ๋†์—…์€
09:36
the single most powerful force unleashed on this planet
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๋น™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ
09:39
since the end of the ice age. No question.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
And it rivals climate change in importance.
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๋†์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋งž๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
And they're both happening at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
But what's really important here to remember is that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
it's not all bad. It's not that agriculture's a bad thing.
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๋†์—…์ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
In fact, we completely depend on it.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์—…์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
It's not optional. It's not a luxury. It's an absolute necessity.
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์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์น˜๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
We have to provide food and feed and, yeah,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ 70์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:02
fiber and even biofuels to something like seven billion people
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
10:06
in the world today, and if anything,
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๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
we're going to have the demands on agriculture
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋†์—…์— ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
increase into the future. It's not going to go away.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
It's going to get a lot bigger, mainly because of
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
10:16
growing population. We're seven billion people today
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๊ณ„์† ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 70์–ต์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:19
heading towards at least nine,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 90์–ต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:21
probably nine and a half before we're done.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์—” 95์–ต ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
More importantly, changing diets.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
As the world becomes wealthier as well as more populous,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:29
we're seeing increases in dietary consumption of meat,
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์œก๋ฅ˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
which take a lot more resources than a vegetarian diet does.
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์œก๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
So more people, eating more stuff, and richer stuff,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์Œ์‹ ์„ญ์ทจ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋น„์‹ผ ์Œ์‹์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:40
and of course having an energy crisis at the same time,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
where we have to replace oil with other energy sources
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„์œ  ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
that will ultimately have to include some kinds of biofuels
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํ˜น์€
10:49
and bio-energy sources.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So you put these together. It's really hard to see
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
10:53
how we're going to get to the rest of the century
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๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋†์—… ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
10:56
without at least doubling global agricultural production.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Well, how are we going to do this? How are going to
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
11:02
double global ag production around the world?
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†์—… ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:05
Well, we could try to farm more land.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋†์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:08
This is an analysis we've done, where on the left is where
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ผ์ชฝ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋†์ง€์ด๊ณ 
11:10
the crops are today, on the right is where they could be
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:14
based on soils and climate, assuming climate change
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๋†์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
doesn't disrupt too much of this,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
which is not a good assumption.
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
We could farm more land, but the problem is
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋•…์— ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
11:23
the remaining lands are in sensitive areas.
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๋‚จ์€ ๋•…์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
They have a lot of biodiversity, a lot of carbon,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‚จ์€ ๋•…์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
11:28
things we want to protect.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
So we could grow more food by expanding farmland,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„“ํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:33
but we'd better not,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:34
because it's ecologically a very, very dangerous thing to do.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:38
Instead, we maybe want to freeze the footprint
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋†์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
11:40
of agriculture and farm the lands we have better.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋†์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:44
This is work that we're doing to try to highlight places
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์ด ์ง€๋„๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์—†์ด
11:46
in the world where we could improve yields
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„
11:49
without harming the environment.
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ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
The green areas here show where corn yields,
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
11:54
just showing corn as an example,
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
are already really high, probably the maximum you could
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ํ† ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์–ด๋””๋ณด๋‹ค
11:58
find on Earth today for that climate and soil,
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
but the brown areas and yellow areas are places where
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰, ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์€
12:04
we're only getting maybe 20 or 30 percent of the yield
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›๋ž˜ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์˜ 20~30%๋ฐ–์—
12:06
you should be able to get.
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
You see a lot of this in Africa, even Latin America,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰, ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:10
but interestingly, Eastern Europe, where Soviet Union
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์†Œ๋ จ๊ณผ
12:13
and Eastern Bloc countries used to be,
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๋™๊ตฌ๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด
12:15
is still a mess agriculturally.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋†์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—‰๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Now, this would require nutrients and water.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ์˜์–‘๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
It's going to either be organic or conventional
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ํ™”ํ•™ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:22
or some mix of the two to deliver that.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
Plants need water and nutrients.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
But we can do this, and there are opportunities to make this work.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
But we have to do it in a way that is sensitive
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜
12:31
to meeting the food security needs of the future
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ณด์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์—
12:34
and the environmental security needs of the future.
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๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
We have to figure out how to make this tradeoff between
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜
12:40
growing food and having a healthy environment work better.
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๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
Right now, it's kind of an all-or-nothing proposition.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์— ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:47
We can grow food in the background --
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๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ๊ณก๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ 
12:49
that's a soybean field โ€”
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์ด๊ฑด ์ฝฉ ๋ฐญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
and in this flower diagram, it shows we grow a lot of food,
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์ด ๊ฝƒ๋ชจ์–‘ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:53
but we don't have a lot clean water, we're not storing
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๊ทธ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:56
a lot of carbon, we don't have a lot of biodiversity.
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์ €์žฅ๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
In the foreground, we have this prairie
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์•ž์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ดˆ์›์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:01
that's wonderful from the environmental side,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋• ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์„
13:02
but you can't eat anything. What's there to eat?
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์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋จน์„๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:05
We need to figure out how to bring both of those together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
13:08
into a new kind of agriculture that brings them all together.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋†์—… ์–‘์‹์„ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Now, when I talk about this, people often tell me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
13:14
"Well, isn't blank the answer?" -- organic food,
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"์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
local food, GMOs, new trade subsidies, new farm bills --
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์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์‚ฐํ’ˆ, ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์—ญ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ, ๋†์—…๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ
13:22
and yeah, we have a lot of good ideas here,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
but not any one of these is a silver bullet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
In fact, what I think they are is more like silver buckshot.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฐํƒ„์ธ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
And I love silver buckshot. You put it together
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐํƒ„์ด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
and you've got something really powerful,
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์‚ฐํƒ„์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
but we need to put them together.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
13:38
So what we have to do, I think, is invent a new kind
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
13:41
of agriculture that blends the best ideas
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์ƒ์—…์  ๋†์—…, ๋…น์ƒ‰ ํ˜๋ช…,
13:43
of commercial agriculture and the green revolution
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์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์‚ฐํ’ˆ,
13:47
with the best ideas of organic farming and local food
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณด์กด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
13:50
and the best ideas of environmental conservation,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋†์—… ์–‘์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
not to have them fighting each other but to have them
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:55
collaborating together to form a new kind of agriculture,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋†์—… ์–‘์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
something I call "terraculture," or farming for a whole planet.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ '๋Œ€์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ' ํ˜น์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋†์—…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Now, having this conversation has been really hard,
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
and we've been trying very hard to bring these key points
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:09
to people to reduce the controversy,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:11
to increase the collaboration.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
I want to show you a short video that does kind of show
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์งง์€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
our efforts right now to bring these sides together
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ํ•ด ์˜จ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
14:18
into a single conversation. So let me show you that.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
14:25
("Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota: Driven to Discover")
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("๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ: ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ")
14:29
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
14:30
("The world population is growing
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 7์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช… ์”ฉ
14:32
by 75 million people each year.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
That's almost the size of Germany.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
Today, we're nearing 7 billion people.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 70์–ต์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
At this rate, we'll reach 9 billion people by 2040.
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์ด ์†๋„๋กœ๋Š” 2040๋…„์—๋Š” 90์–ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
And we all need food.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:45
But how?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:46
How do we feed a growing world without destroying the planet?
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:49
We already know climate change is a big problem.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
But it's not the only problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
We need to face 'the other inconvenient truth.'
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ "๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค"์„ ๋งž์ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
A global crisis in agriculture.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋†์—… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
Population growth + meat consumption + dairy consumption + energy costs + bioenergy production = stress on natural resources.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ + ์œก๋ฅ˜ ์„ญ์ทจ + ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ญ์ทจ + ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ + ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ = ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ž์› ์œ„ํ˜‘
15:05
More than 40% of Earth's land has been cleared for agriculture.
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์œก์ง€์˜ 40% ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋†์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
Global croplands cover 16 million kmยฒ.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€๋Š” 1600๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
That's almost the size of South America.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Global pastures cover 30 million kmยฒ.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋Š” 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
That's the size of Africa.
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์•ฝ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Agriculture uses 60 times more land than urban and suburban areas combined.
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๋†์ง€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ต์™ธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ 60๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
Irrigation is the biggest use of water on the planet.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
We use 2,800 cubic kilometers of water on crops every year.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 2800 ์ž…๋ฐฉ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์— ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
That's enough to fill 7,305 Empire State Buildings every day.
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๊ทธ ์–‘์€ ๋งค์ผ 7,305๊ฐœ์˜ ์— ํŒŒ์ด์–ด ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋„ ๋‚จ๋Š” ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
Today, many large rivers have reduced flows.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ํฐ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
Some dry up altogether.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ•์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Look at the Aral Sea, now turned to desert.
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์•„๋ž„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ๋˜๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
Or the Colorado River, which no longer flows to the ocean.
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์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์€ ์ด์ œ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Fertilizers have more than doubled the phosphorus and nitrogen in the environment.
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๋น„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณผ ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
The consequence?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”์š”?
15:52
Widespread water pollution
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ
15:54
and massive degradation of lakes and rivers.
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ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜. ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์ €ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
Surprisingly, agriculture is the biggest contributor to climate change.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋†์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
It generates 30% of greenhouse gas emissions.
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๋†์—…์€ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์š”์ธ์˜ 30%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
That's more than the emissions from all electricity and industry,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ
16:06
or from all the world's planes, trains and automobiles.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉํ•ด๋„ 30%๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
Most agricultural emissions come from tropical deforestation,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋†์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
16:11
methane from animals and rice fields,
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๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๋ชฉ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋…ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
16:12
and nitrous oxide from over-fertilizing.
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์•„์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
There is nothing we do that transforms the world more than agriculture.
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋†์—…๋งŒํผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
And there's nothing we do that is more crucial to our survival.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋†์—…๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์กด์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
Here's the dilemma...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
As the world grows by several billion more people,
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
16:27
We'll need to double, maybe even triple, global food production.
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‘๋ฐฐ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ์„ธ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
So where do we go from here?
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:33
We need a bigger conversation, an international dialogue.
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์šฐ์„  ๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
We need to invest in real solutions:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
incentives for farmers, precision agriculture, new crop varieties, drip irrigation,
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๋†๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ ค, ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋†์—…, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณก๋ฌผ, ์ ์  ๊ด€์ˆ˜,
16:42
gray water recycling, better tillage practices, smarter diets.
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์šฉ์ˆ˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ, ๋” ํ™œ์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋†๋ฒ•, ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹์Šต๊ด€
16:45
We need everyone at the table.
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ํšŒ์˜์—๋Š” ๋†์—…์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
Advocates of commercial agriculture,
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์ƒ์—…์  ๋†์—…์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž,
16:49
environmental conservation,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด,
16:51
and organic farming...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋†๋ถ€...
16:52
must work together.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
There is no single solution.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
We need collaboration,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋™,
16:57
imagination,
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ,
16:59
determination,
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ํˆฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
because failure is not an option.
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์‹คํŒจ๋Š” ์šฉ๋‚ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
How do we feed the world without destroying it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋•…, ๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?
17:07
Yeah, so we face one of the greatest grand challenges
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ
17:10
in all of human history today:
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
the need to feed nine billion people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ
17:15
and do so sustainably and equitably and justly,
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90์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
at the same time protecting our planet
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๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜„ ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
17:20
for this and future generations.
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
This is going to be one of the hardest things
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ ์ค‘
17:24
we ever have done in human history,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
and we absolutely have to get it right,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
and we have to get it right on our first and only try.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ํ’€์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
So thanks very much. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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