How you can help save the monarch butterfly -- and the planet | Mary Ellen Hannibal

58,969 views ใƒป 2020-04-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: hila scherba
ืฉืœื•ื,
00:13
Hi there.
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00:14
I'm in the habit of saying I would like it if butterflies could talk,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืžื™ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืคืจืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
00:18
but I've been recently reconsidering that,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืงืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
00:20
because we already have a pretty loud world.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืฉ.
00:23
Can you imagine if butterflies were yakking out there all over the place?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื?
00:27
But I would like to ask butterflies one question, which is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื -
00:30
what is the meaning of some of the stories that we humans tell about them?
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื?
00:36
Because remarkably, all over the world, cultures have really similar stories,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื™ื,
00:40
similar mythologies about butterflies having to do with the human soul.
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ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
00:44
Some cultures tell us butterflies are carrying the souls of children
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืคืจืคืจื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
00:48
who have died wrongly or too soon,
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ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื™,
00:51
and other cultures tell us that butterflies
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ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉืคืจืคืจื™ื
00:53
are carrying the souls of our ancestors among us.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
00:56
This butterfly is called a Kallima inachus.
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ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื Kallima inachus (ืขืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื).
01:00
On one side, it looks like a beautiful butterfly,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืคืจืคืจ ื™ืคื”ื™ืคื”,
01:02
and on the other side, it looks like a leaf,
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืขืœื”,
01:04
and it folds up like a leaf to elude predators.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืคืœ ื›ืžื• ืขืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืขืชืข ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื.
01:07
So now you see it, now you don't,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื,
01:08
something hidden, something revealed.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื’ืœื”.
01:10
Maybe we got our ideas about the human soul from this butterfly.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืคืจืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:14
So it's possible that butterflies have some sort of outsized role
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ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืคืจืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
01:19
in our afterlife.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:20
But in this life, in this world, butterflies are in really serious trouble.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
01:26
This is a moth.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขืฉ.
01:27
Moths and butterflies are related. Moths generally fly at night.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื•ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืคื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
01:30
This is called "praedicta," because Darwin predicted that it must exist.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืคืจื“ื™ืงื˜ื”", ื›ื™ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.
01:36
So today, more than 60 species of butterflies are endangered
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ืื– ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-60 ื–ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”
01:41
around the world,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
01:42
but even more than that,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš,
01:43
insects are declining, declining, declining.
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ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”.
01:46
In the last 50 years,
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ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:48
we've lost nearly 50 percent of the total number of bodies of insects.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื.
01:52
Now this is a disaster.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืืกื•ืŸ.
01:55
It could impact us in a more serious way more quickly than climate change,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
01:59
because butterflies don't do that much in the ecosystem that we depend on,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
02:05
but they do things for other creatures that we do depend on,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
02:08
and that's the same story with all insect life.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืงืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื.
02:11
Insect life is at the very foundation of our life-support systems.
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ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:15
We can't lose these insects.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:18
Biodiversity all over the globe is in a vast decline.
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ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:22
Habitat loss, pesticides, herbicides and impacts of climate change.
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื“ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
02:28
Habitat loss is very serious,
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:30
and that's where we really have to get developing better,
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ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:33
more mindfully.
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ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:37
It's the worst of times,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:38
we are kind of overloaded with our problems.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:41
It's also the best of times -- there's incredibly good news.
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ื–ืืช ื’ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ -- ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:44
We have exactly what we need.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
02:46
We have exactly the platform to save nature.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
02:49
It's called citizen science.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื—ืงืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™.
02:51
So citizen science is generally a term used to mean people without a PhD
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ืื– ืžื—ืงืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืชืืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื
02:55
contributing to scientific research.
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ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™.
02:57
Sometimes, it's called community science,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™,
02:59
which gets at the communal purpose of citizen science,
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ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™,
03:03
which is to do something for our commons together.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:06
It's amateur science.
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ื–ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™.
03:08
It's being turbocharged today by vast computing power,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืื•ืฆื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช,
03:11
statistical analysis and the smartphone,
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ื,
03:14
but it's an ancient practice that people have always practiced.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืงื“ื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื”ื’ื•.
03:17
It's amateur science.
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ื–ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™.
03:19
Professional science has its roots in amateur science.
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™.
03:23
Charles Darwin was a citizen scientist.
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ืฆ'ืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™.
03:25
He had no advanced degree, and he worked only for himself.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืชืืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
03:29
So someone showed Darwin this Madagascar star orchid,
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ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืจืื” ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื—ืœื‘ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจื™ ื”ื–ื”,
03:33
which as a spur that's 12 inches long,
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ื‘ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 30.5 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
03:36
and the spur is the part of a flower that the nectar is in.
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืจื— ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืฃ.
03:40
So this person showed this to Darwin and said,
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ืื– ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ืืžืจ,
03:42
"This proves that evolution does not come about in a natural way.
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"ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
03:47
This flower proves that only God can make these incredibly bizarre
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ื”ืคืจื— ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืจืง ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืœื” ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื
03:53
and tricky-looking creatures on the earth,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื–ืืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:56
because no insect could possibly pollinate this.
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ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื—ืจืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
03:59
God must reproduce it."
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืœืคื™ื ื›ืืœื”".
04:01
And Darwin said, "No, I'm sure that there is an insect somewhere
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ื•ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ, "ืœื, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืจืง ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื
04:06
with a proboscis long enough to pollinate that star orchid."
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ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื“ืง ืืจื•ืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื—ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”".
04:10
And he was right.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง.
04:13
This is a map of the monarch butterfly.
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ื–ืืช ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš (ื“ื ืื™ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช).
04:17
So, the monarch butterfly has a different story
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ืื– ืœืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”
04:20
than that particular moth,
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ืžืื•ืชื• ืขืฉ,
04:21
but reflects the same kind of fundamental idea that Darwin had
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ
04:27
called coevolution,
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืงื•-ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” (ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช),
04:28
and coevolution is at the heart of how nature works,
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ื”ืงื•-ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
04:31
and it's also at the heart of what's going wrong with nature today.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืœื‘ ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:35
So over time, as the moth developed a longer proboscis,
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ืื– ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืฉ ืคื™ืชื— ื—ื“ืง ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:40
so the plant developed a longer spur.
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ื›ืš ื”ืฆืžื— ืคื™ืชื— ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:43
Over millions of years,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
04:44
the plant and the moth developed a relationship
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื•ื”ืขืฉ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
04:47
whereby they both make each other's chances of existence better.
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ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“.
04:53
The monarch butterfly has a different kind of coevolutionary relationship,
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ืœืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงื•-ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
04:57
and today, it is at the heart of what's going wrong
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ
04:59
for the monarch butterfly.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
05:00
So this is a map of the monarch butterfly migration.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
05:03
The monarch does this amazing thing,
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ื”ืคืจืคืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
05:05
and over the course of a year,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื”,
05:07
it goes over the entirety of North America.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
05:10
It does this in four or five generations.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื’ืœื™ ื ื“ื™ื“ื”.
05:13
The first generations only live a couple of weeks.
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ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
05:16
They mate, they lay eggs and they die.
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ื”ื ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื, ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื.
05:19
The next generation emerges as butterflies and takes the next leg of the journey.
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืงืข ื›ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžืกืข.
05:24
Nobody knows how they do it.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:25
By the time the fifth generation comes back around -- and that one lives longer,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘ - ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ,
05:29
they overwinter in Mexico and California --
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ื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” --
05:32
by the time it gets there,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื,
05:34
those butterflies are going back to where their ancestors came from,
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ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:37
but they've never been there before,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื,
05:39
and nobody that they're immediately related to has been there before either.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื’ื.
05:43
We don't know how they do it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:46
The reason we know they do this kind of migration --
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื” --
05:49
and we still have a lot of unanswered questions
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื ืคืชื•ืจื•ืช
05:51
about the monarch migration --
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื“ื™ื“ืช ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš --
05:53
is because of citizen science.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™.
05:54
So for decades, people have made observations
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ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช
05:57
about monarch butterflies, where and when they see them,
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ืขืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ ืฉืจืื• ืื•ืชื,
06:00
and they've contributed these observations to platforms like Journey North.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืืช ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• Journey North (ื”ืžืกืข ืฆืคื•ื ื”).
06:06
This is a map of some observations of butterflies given to Journey North.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœ-Journey North.
06:13
And if you can see the dots are coded
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
06:15
by what time of year those observations were made.
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ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ืขืจื›ื•.
06:19
So these massive amounts of data come into a place like Journey North,
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ืื– ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื›ืžื• Journey North,
06:23
and they can create a map of this time of over a course of a year
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืคื” ื”ืกื•ืงืจืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”
06:29
of where monarchs go.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื.
06:31
Also because of citizen science,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™
06:33
we understand that monarch butterfly numbers are going down, down, down.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”.
06:36
So in the 1980s, the overwintering butterflies here in California,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80, ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
06:40
there were four million counted.
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ืกืคืจื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจืคืจื™ื.
06:42
Last year, 30,000.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, 30,000.
06:44
(Audience gasps)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืชืขื” ืžื”ืงื”ืœ)
06:45
Four million to 30,000 since the 1980s.
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ืžืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœ30,000 ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80.
06:49
The monarchs on the east coast are doing a little better,
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ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
06:51
but they're also going down.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”.
06:53
OK, so what are we going to do about it?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ?
06:55
Well, very organically, nobody really asking anybody to do it,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
06:59
people all over the continent are supporting monarch butterflies.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
07:04
The heart of the problem for monarchs is milkweed.
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ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก.
07:07
It's another coevolutionary relationship, and here's the story.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงื•-ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
07:10
Milkweed is toxic.
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ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืจืขื™ืœ.
07:13
It has a poison in it that it evolved to deter other insects from eating it,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ืจืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•,
07:18
but the monarch developed a different kind of relationship,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ืคื™ืชื— ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
07:21
a different strategy with the milkweed.
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก.
07:23
Not only does it tolerate the toxin,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืœืจืขืœ,
07:25
the monarch actually sequesters the toxin in its body,
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ื”ืคืจืคืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื•,
07:29
thus becoming poisonous to its predators.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืจืขื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื•.
07:33
Monarch butterflies will only lay their eggs on milkweed,
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ืคืจืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ืจืง ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก,
07:36
and monarch caterpillars will only eat milkweed,
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ื•ื–ื—ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ืจืง ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ืฆืžื— ื”ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก,
07:39
because they need that toxin to actually create what they are as a species.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื–ืŸ ืคืจืคืจื™ื.
07:46
So people are planting milkweed all over the country
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืืกืงืœืคื™ืืก ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
07:49
where we have lost milkweed due to habitat destruction,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
07:52
pesticide use, herbicide use and climate change impacts.
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
07:57
You can create a lot of butterfly habitat and pollinator habitat on a windowsill.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืคืจืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
08:02
You go to a native nursery in your area
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืฉืชืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื
08:05
and find out what's native to where you live,
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ืœื• ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
08:07
and you will bring beautiful things to yourself.
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ื•ืชื’ื“ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื.
08:09
Now, citizen science can do even more than rescue monarch butterflies.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ืจืง ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ ืžื•ื ืจืš.
08:14
It has the capacity to scale
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
08:17
to the level necessary that we need to mobilize to save nature.
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ืœืจืžืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
08:21
And this is an example.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
08:23
It's called City Nature Challenge,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
08:25
and City Nature Challenge is a project of the California Academy of Sciences
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ื•ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
08:29
and the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History.
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ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
08:32
So for four years, City Nature Challenge has enjoined cities all over the globe
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ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:37
to participate in counting up biodiversity in their cities.
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ืฉื”ืชื—ืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:42
We're up to, like, a million observations of biodiversity
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
08:46
collected by people around the globe this past April.
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ืฉื ืืกืคื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
08:50
The winner this year was South Africa, much to the chagrin of San Francisco.
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ื”ืžื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืฆืขืจื” ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:56
Look at them, they have more biodiversity than we do.
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ืชืจืื• ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืœื ื•.
08:59
It's kind of an interesting thing, what is revealed when you start seeing
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื’ืœื” ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
09:02
what are the natural resources where you live,
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ืžื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš,
09:05
because as we go forward, you want to live where there's more biodiversity.
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:08
And by the way, citizen science is a very good tool for social justice
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
09:12
and environmental justice goals, for helping reach them.
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ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™, ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื.
09:14
You need to have data and you need to show a picture,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื”,
09:17
you need to point to a cause
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื”
09:18
and then you need to have the surgical strike
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:21
to help support whatever that problem is.
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื”.
09:25
So City Nature Challenge, I think, should get a commendation from the UN.
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ืื– ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื— ืžื”ืื•"ื.
09:29
Has there ever been a global effort on behalf of nature
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
09:35
undertaken in this coordinated manner?
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ืืžืช?
09:38
It's amazing, it's fantastic
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
09:40
and it's really a pretty grassroots thing,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืขืฆืžื•,
09:43
and we get very interesting information about butterflies and other creatures
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
09:47
when we do these bioblitzes.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
09:50
City Nature Challenge basically works with a tool called iNaturalist,
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ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ืงืจื inaturalist,
09:53
and iNaturalist is your entry drug to citizen science. (Laughs)
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืœื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืœืžื“ืข ืื–ืจื—ื™. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:57
I suggest signing up for it on a laptop or on a desktop,
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืื• ื ื™ื™ื—,
10:01
and then you put the app on your phone.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืœืืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
10:04
With iNaturalist, you take a picture of a bird, a bug, a snake, anything,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช iNaturalist, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื—ืจืง, ื ื—ืฉ, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
10:09
and an artificial intelligence function and an expert vetting system
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช
10:15
works to verify that observation.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฆืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
10:17
The app gives the observation the date, the time, the latitude and the longitude,
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ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ืš, ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ืช,
10:22
geolocates that observation.
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ื•ืžืืชืจืช ืื•ืชื” ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
10:24
That's the data, that's the science of citizen science.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื–ื” ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™.
10:27
And then that data is shared,
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
10:29
and that sharing, that is the soul of citizen science.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™.
10:33
When we share data,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข,
10:35
we can see much bigger pictures of what's going on.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
10:38
There's no way to see that whole monarch migration
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš
10:41
without sharing data that's been collected over decades,
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื,
10:46
seeing the heart and soul of how nature works
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข
10:49
through citizen science.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™.
10:51
This is a Xerces blue butterfly,
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจืคืจ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื›ื—ื•ืœ,
10:53
which went extinct when it lost its habitat in Golden Gate Park.
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ืฉื ื›ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื ืขืœืžื” ื‘ืคืืจืง ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
10:57
It had a coevolutionary relationship with an ant, and that's another story.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงื•-ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ื ืžืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
11:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:02
I'll end by asking you,
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ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื›ื
11:05
please participate in citizen science in some way, shape or form.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื.
11:10
It is an amazingly positive thing.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
11:13
It takes an army of people to make it really work.
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ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.
11:17
And I'll just add that I think butterflies
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืคืจืคืจื™ื
11:20
probably really do have enough on their plate
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
11:22
without carrying around human souls.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื’ื ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
11:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:26
But there's a lot we don't know, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:28
And what about all those stories? What are those stories telling us?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”? ืžื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื•?
11:32
Maybe we coevolved our souls with butterflies?
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“?
11:35
Certainly, we are connected to butterflies in deeper ways than we currently know,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคืจืคืจื™ื
ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:40
and the mystery of the butterfly will never be revealed
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ื•ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื™ื—ืฉืฃ
11:43
if we don't save them.
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ืื ืœื ื ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื.
11:45
So, please join me in helping to save nature now.
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ืื–, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
11:51
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
11:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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