The interspecies Internet? An idea in progress...

79,633 views ใƒป 2013-07-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Diana Reiss: You may think you're looking
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื
00:14
through a window at a dolphin spinning playfully,
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ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช,
00:18
but what you're actually looking through
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื
00:21
is a two-way mirror at a dolphin
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ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืžืจืื” ื“ื• ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ
00:23
looking at itself spinning playfully.
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ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช.
00:26
This is a dolphin that is self-aware.
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ืข ืœืขืฆืžื•.
00:28
This dolphin has self-awareness.
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ืœื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
00:30
It's a young dolphin named Bayley.
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉืžื• ื‘ื™ื™ืœื™.
00:32
I've been very interested in understanding the nature
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ื‘ืข
00:35
of the intelligence of dolphins for the past 30 years.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื‘-30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:39
How do we explore intelligence in this animal
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื” ื–ื•
00:42
that's so different from us?
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ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•?
00:43
And what I've used is a very simple research tool,
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
00:46
a mirror, and we've gained great information,
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ื‘ืžืจืื”, ื•ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข,
00:49
reflections of these animal minds.
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ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•.
00:52
Dolphins aren't the only animals, the only non-human animals,
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ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
00:56
to show mirror self-recognition.
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ืฉืžืคื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืจืื”.
00:58
We used to think this was a uniquely human ability,
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ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
01:01
but we learned that the great apes, our closest relatives,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืคื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
01:04
also show this ability.
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ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืจืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื•.
01:06
Then we showed it in dolphins,
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ืื– ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื,
01:08
and then later in elephants.
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื.
01:10
We did this work in my lab with the dolphins and elephants,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื,
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื— ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืจื‘ ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื.
01:13
and it's been recently shown in the magpie.
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01:15
Now, it's interesting, because we've embraced
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ื›ืขืช, ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืžืฆื ื•
01:18
this Darwinian view of a continuity in physical evolution,
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ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
01:22
this physical continuity.
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ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื–ื•.
01:23
But we've been much more reticent, much slower
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืคืงื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
01:27
at recognizing this continuity in cognition,
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ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
01:30
in emotion, in consciousness in other animals.
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ื‘ืจื’ืฉ, ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
01:33
Other animals are conscious.
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ื“ืขื”.
01:36
They're emotional. They're aware.
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ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
01:39
There have been multitudes of studies with many species
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
01:42
over the years that have given us exquisite evidence
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื ื—ืจืฆืช
01:46
for thinking and consciousness in other animals,
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ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:49
other animals that are quite different than we are in form.
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:52
We are not alone.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
01:55
We are not alone in these abilities.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
01:59
And I hope, and one of my biggest dreams,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:02
is that, with our growing awareness
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื”
02:05
about the consciousness of others
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ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
02:07
and our relationship with the rest of the animal world,
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืฉืืจ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช,
02:09
that we'll give them the respect and protection
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื”
02:12
that they deserve.
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ืฉื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื.
02:13
So that's a wish I'm throwing out here for everybody,
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ืจืงืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
02:15
and I hope I can really engage you in this idea.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื›ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
02:19
Now, I want to return to dolphins,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื,
02:21
because these are the animals that I feel like
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ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช
02:23
I've been working up closely and personal with
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืื™ืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™
02:26
for over 30 years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-30 ืฉื ื”.
02:27
And these are real personalities.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:29
They are not persons, but they're personalities
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ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืช
02:32
in every sense of the word.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื”.
02:34
And you can't get more alien than the dolphin.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืจ ืžื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ.
02:37
They are very different from us in body form.
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ื”ื ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:39
They're radically different. They come from a radically different environment.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘-95 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื
02:43
In fact, we're separated by 95 million years
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02:47
of divergent evolution.
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ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื“ืจืช.
02:49
Look at this body.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื”.
02:51
And in every sense of making a pun here,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
02:54
these are true non-terrestrials.
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืืจืฆื™ื™ื,
02:59
I wondered how we might interface with these animals.
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ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•.
03:02
In the 1980s, I developed an underwater keyboard.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื, ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืžืงืœื“ืช ืชืช-ืžื™ืžื™ืช.
03:05
This was a custom-made touch-screen keyboard.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงืœื“ืช ืžืกืš ืžื’ืข ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื”.
03:08
What I wanted to do was give the dolphins choice and control.
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ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืœื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
03:11
These are big brains, highly social animals,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืขื ืžื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
03:13
and I thought, well, if we give them choice and control,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
03:16
if they can hit a symbol on this keyboard --
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืžืœ ืขืœ ืžืงืœื“ืช ื–ื• --
03:18
and by the way, it was interfaced by fiber optic cables
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ื•ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื
03:21
from Hewlett-Packard with an Apple II computer.
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ืžื”ื™ื•ืœื˜-ืคืงืจื“ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืคืœ II.
03:24
This seems prehistoric now,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืคืจื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื›ืขืช,
03:26
but this was where we were with technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
03:28
So the dolphins could hit a key, a symbol,
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ืื– ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืงืฉ, ืขืœ ืกืžืœ,
03:31
they heard a computer-generated whistle,
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ื”ื ืฉืžืขื• ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘.
03:33
and they got an object or activity.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
03:35
Now here's a little video.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื” ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืงื˜ืŸ.
03:36
This is Delphi and Pan, and you're going to see Delphi
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ืœืคื™ ื•ืคืืŸ, ื•ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื“ืœืคื™
03:39
hitting a key, he hears a computer-generated whistle -- (Whistle) --
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ืžืงื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืงืฉ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืข ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ --(ืฉืจื™ืงื”)...
03:43
and gets a ball, so they can actually ask for things they want.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ, ืื– ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
03:47
What was remarkable is, they explored this keyboard
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช ื”ื–ื•
03:51
on their own. There was no intervention on our part.
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ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื. ืœืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื•.
03:54
They explored the keyboard. They played around with it.
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช. ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืขื ื–ื”.
ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
03:57
They figured out how it worked.
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03:58
And they started to quickly imitate the sounds
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื
ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช.
04:01
they were hearing on the keyboard.
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04:03
They imitated on their own.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืงื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื.
04:05
Beyond that, though, they started learning
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
04:07
associations between the symbols, the sounds
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ืืช ื”ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื, ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื
04:10
and the objects.
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ื•ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
04:13
What we saw was self-organized learning,
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™.
04:16
and now I'm imagining, what can we do
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ืช ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
04:19
with new technologies?
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?
04:21
How can we create interfaces, new windows into
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื, ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ืš
04:24
the minds of animals, with the technologies that exist today?
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ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื?
04:29
So I was thinking about this, and then, one day,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืื–, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“,
04:32
I got a call from Peter.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืคื™ื˜ืจ.
04:38
Peter Gabriel: I make noises for a living.
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ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ: ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืขืฉ ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื™.
04:40
On a good day, it's music,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
04:42
and I want to talk a little bit about
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ
04:44
the most amazing music-making experience I ever had.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช-ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”, ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™
04:48
I'm a farm boy. I grew up surrounded by animals,
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ืื ื™ ื ืขืจ ื—ื•ื•ื”. ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:51
and I would look in these eyes and wonder
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืชื•ื”ื”
04:53
what was going on there?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื?
04:55
So as an adult, when I started to read about
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ืื– ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืขืœ
04:57
the amazing breakthroughs with Penny Patterson and Koko,
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ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ืคื ื™ ืคื˜ืจืกื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืงื•,
05:00
with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Kanzi, Panbanisha,
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ืขื ืกื• ืกื•ื•ืื’'-ืจืžื‘ื• ื•ืงื ื–ื™, ืคื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื”,
05:04
Irene Pepperberg, Alex the parrot,
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ืื™ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืคืคืจื‘ืจื’, ืืœื›ืก ื”ืชื•ื›ื™,
05:06
I got all excited.
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ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ืœื™.
05:09
What was amazing to me also
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™
05:10
was they seemed a lot more adept
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื
05:14
at getting a handle on our language
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื ื•
05:17
than we were on getting a handle on theirs.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:21
I work with a lot of musicians from around the world,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:25
and often we don't have any common language at all,
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
05:28
but we sit down behind our instruments,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:32
and suddenly there's a way for us to connect and emote.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
05:35
So I started cold-calling, and eventually got through
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ืื– ืคืชื—ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช-ืงืจื•ืช , ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœื— ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืขืชื™
05:38
to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh,
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ืœืกื• ืกื•ื•ืื’'-ืจืžื‘ื•
05:40
and she invited me down.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจื“ืช.
05:42
I went down, and the bonobos
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ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•
05:46
had had access to percussion instruments,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืงืฉื”,
05:49
musical toys, but never before to a keyboard.
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ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ื™ื, ืืš ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืœืงืœื™ื“ื™ื.
05:52
At first they did what infants do,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
05:54
just bashed it with their fists,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื‘ื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ื,
05:56
and then I asked, through Sue,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื•,
05:59
if Panbanisha could try with one finger only.
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ืื ืคื ื‘ื ื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืขื ืืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
06:03
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh: Can you play a grooming song?
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ืกื• ืกืื‘ืื’'-ืจืžื‘ื•: ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื’ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—?
06:08
I want to hear a grooming song.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—.
06:10
Play a real quiet grooming song.
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ื ื’ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืžืžืฉ ืฉืงื˜.
06:16
PG: So groom was the subject of the piece.
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ืค.ื’.: ืื– ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ืข.
06:20
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:37
So I'm just behind, jamming,
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื’'ืืžื™ื ื’,
06:41
yeah, this is what we started with.
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ื›ืŸ, ืขื ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•
06:46
Sue's encouraging her to continue a little more.
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ืกื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช.
06:49
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
07:38
She discovers a note she likes,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช,
07:43
finds the octave.
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ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื”.
07:47
She'd never sat at a keyboard before.
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ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืœื™ื“ ืงืœื™ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ
07:58
Nice triplets.
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ื˜ืจืฆื” ื ื—ืžื“ื”.
08:12
SSR: You did good. That was very good.
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ืก.ืก.ืจ: ืขืฉื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
08:16
PG: She hit good.
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ืค.ื’: ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
08:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:22
So that night, we began to dream,
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ืื– ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื,
08:27
and we thought, perhaps the most amazing tool
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:29
that man's created is the Internet,
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ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
08:32
and what would happen if we could somehow
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ื•ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•
08:35
find new interfaces,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:37
visual-audio interfaces that would allow
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ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื•
08:41
these remarkable sentient beings
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืืœื”
08:43
that we share the planet with access?
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ืฉืื™ืชื ืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ื™ืฉื”?
08:46
And Sue Savage-Rumbaugh got excited about that,
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ื•ืกื• ืกื‘ื’'-ืจืžื‘ื• ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื” ืžื›ืš,
08:50
called her friend Steve Woodruff,
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ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื” ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ื“ืจื•ืฃ
08:52
and we began hustling all sorts of people
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:55
whose work related or was inspiring,
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื”,
08:58
which led us to Diana,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื“ื™ืื ื”,
09:00
and led us to Neil.
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ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื ื™ืœ.
09:03
Neil Gershenfeld: Thanks, Peter. PG: Thank you.
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ื ื™ืœ ื’ืจืฉื ืคืœื“: ืชื•ื“ื”, ืคื™ื˜ืจ. ืค ื’: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:06
(Applause)
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09:09
NG: So Peter approached me.
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ื .ื’.: ืื– ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืคื ื” ืืœื™.
09:11
I lost it when I saw that clip.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืค ื”ื–ื”.
09:13
He approached me with a vision of doing these things
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ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™. ืขื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
09:17
not for people, for animals.
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ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:18
And then I was struck in the history of the Internet.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
09:21
This is what the Internet looked like when it was born
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ
09:25
and you can call that the Internet
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
09:27
of middle-aged white men,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”,
09:29
mostly middle-aged white men.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”.
09:30
Vint Cerf: (Laughs)
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ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืกืจืฃ: (ืฆื•ื—ืง)
09:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:35
NG: Speaking as one.
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ื .ื’.: ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
09:37
Then, when I first came to TED,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœ- TED ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
09:40
which was where I met Peter, I showed this.
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ืฉืฉื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืคื™ื˜ืจ, ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
09:42
This is a $1 web server,
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ื–ื” ืฉืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ $1,
09:44
and at the time that was radical.
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™.
09:47
And the possibility of making a web server for a dollar
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ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืœืจ
09:51
grew into what became known as the Internet of Things,
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ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืžื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืข "ื›ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื",
09:54
which is literally an industry now with tremendous implications
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื›ืขืช, ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช
09:57
for health care, energy efficiency.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ืชื™ืช.
10:00
And we were happy with ourselves.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:01
And then when Peter showed me that,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื”ืจืื” ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”,
10:03
I realized we had missed something,
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ืžืฆื ื• ืžืฉื”ื•,
ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื”.
10:05
which is the rest of the planet.
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10:07
So we started up this interspecies Internet project.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ - ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื” .
10:09
Now we started talking with TED
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื TED
10:11
about how you bring dolphins and great apes and elephants
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ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืคื™-ืื“ื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื
10:13
to TED, and we realized that wouldn't work.
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ืœ- TED, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“.
10:16
So we're going to bring you to them.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืืœื™ื”ื.
10:18
So if we could switch to the audio from this computer,
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ืื– ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืื•ื“ื™ื• ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
10:21
we've been video conferencing with cognitive animals,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
10:24
and we're going to have each of them
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื
10:25
just briefly introduce them.
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ื•ืจืง ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.
10:27
And so if we could also have this up, great.
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ืื– ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”. ื ื”ื“ืจ.
10:29
So the first site we're going to meet
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ืื– ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ.
10:31
is Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, with orangutans.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคืืจืง ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืืงื• , ืขื ืื•ืจื ื’-ืื•ื˜ื ื’ื™ื.
10:34
In the daytime they live outside. It's nighttime there now.
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ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืœื™ืœื”.
10:37
So can you please go ahead?
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”?
10:40
Terri Cox: Hi, I'm Terri Cox
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ื˜ืจื™ ืงื•ืงืก: ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื˜ืจื™ ืงื•ืงืก
10:43
with the Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, Texas,
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ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืืจืง ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืืงื•, ื˜ืงืกืก,
10:45
and with me I have KeraJaan and Mei,
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ื•ืื™ืชื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืงืจื”-ื–'ืืŸ ื•ืžื™ื™.
10:49
two of our Bornean orangutans.
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ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ื ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื ืื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
10:51
During the day, they have a beautiful, large outdoor habitat,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
10:56
and at night, they come into this habitat,
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื”,
10:59
into their night quarters,
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
11:00
where they can have a climate-controlled
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขื ืืงืœื™ื
11:02
and secure environment to sleep in.
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ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
11:04
We participate in the Apps for Apes program
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืงื•ืคื™ื
11:09
Orangutan Outreach, and we use iPads
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"ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืืื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ' " (ืžืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ื ื™ื) , ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-ืื™ื™ืคื“
11:12
to help stimulate and enrich the animals,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ื•ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
11:14
and also help raise awareness
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ื•ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
11:16
for these critically endangered animals.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
11:18
And they share 97 percent of our DNA
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื 97 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:23
and are incredibly intelligent,
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ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
11:24
so it's so exciting to think of all the opportunities
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ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
11:28
that we have via technology and the Internet
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
11:31
to really enrich their lives and open up their world.
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ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื”ื.
11:35
We're really excited about the possibility
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. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
11:37
of an interspecies Internet,
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
11:39
and K.J. has been enjoying the conference very much.
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ื•- ืง.ื’'. ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ื•ืขื™ื“ื” .
11:43
NG: That's great. When we were rehearsing last night,
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ื .ื’: ื–ื” ื ืคืœื. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
ื ื”ื ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื.
11:46
he had fun watching the elephants.
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11:47
Next user group are the dolphins at the National Aquarium.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
11:51
Please go ahead.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืชืงื“ื.
11:53
Allison Ginsburg: Good evening.
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ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’: ืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘.
11:54
Well, my name is Allison Ginsburg,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’,
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
11:56
and we're live in Baltimore at the National Aquarium.
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ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ "ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ืืฃ-ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ":
11:59
Joining me are three of our eight Atlantic bottlenose dolphins:
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12:02
20-year-old Chesapeake, who was our first dolphin born here,
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ืฆ'ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืช 20 , ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื›ืืŸ,
12:05
her four-year-old daughter Bayley,
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ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืข,
12:08
and her half sister, 11-year-old Maya.
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ื•ืื—ื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ืฆื”, ืžืื™ื” ื‘ืช 11.
12:12
Now, here at the National Aquarium
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
12:13
we are committed to excellence in animal care,
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ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
12:16
to research, and to conservation.
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ืœืžื—ืงืจ, ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ.
12:19
The dolphins are pretty intrigued as to what's going on here tonight.
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ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืกืงืจื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
12:22
They're not really used to having cameras here
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
12:24
at 8 o'clock at night.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” 8 ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
12:26
In addition, we are very committed to doing
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข
12:28
different types of research.
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ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ.
12:30
As Diana mentioned, our animals are involved
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ืื ื” ืฆื™ื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช
12:33
in many different research studies.
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
12:46
NG: Those are for you.
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ื .ื’ : ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš.
12:50
Okay, that's great, thank you.
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. ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:52
And the third user group, in Thailand,
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ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“,
12:55
is Think Elephants. Go ahead, Josh.
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ื”ื™ื "ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื" . ื”ืœืื” ื’'ื•ืฉ.
12:59
Josh Plotnik: Hi, my name is Josh Plotnik,
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ื’'ื•ืฉ ืคืœื•ื˜ื ื™ืง: ื”ื™ื™, ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื™ ื’'ื•ืฉ ืคืœื•ื˜ื ื™ืง,
13:01
and I'm with Think Elephants International,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื "ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื" ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
13:04
and we're here in the Golden Triangle of Thailand
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ืœื ื“
13:06
with the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation elephants.
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ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
13:09
And we have 26 elephants here,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ 26 ืคื™ืœื™ื.
13:12
and our research is focused on the evolution of intelligence with elephants,
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื,
13:16
but our foundation Think Elephants is focused
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ "ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื" ืžืชืžืงื“ืช
13:18
on bringing elephants into classrooms around the world
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ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
13:21
virtually like this and showing people
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
13:23
how incredible these animals are.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื”.
13:25
So we're able to bring the camera right up to the elephant,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืœืคื™ืœ,
13:28
put food into the elephant's mouth,
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ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœ,
13:30
show people what's going on inside their mouths,
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื,
13:32
and show everyone around the world
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
13:34
how incredible these animals really are.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช.
13:37
NG: Okay, that's great. Thanks Josh.
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ื .ื’.: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืชื•ื“ื” ื’'ื•ืฉ.
13:40
And once again, we've been building great relationships
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช
13:42
among them just since we've been rehearsing.
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื•ืช..
13:44
So at that point, if we can go back to the other computer,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™,
13:47
we were starting to think about how you integrate
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื
13:49
the rest of the biomass of the planet into the Internet,
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ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
13:52
and we went to the best possible person
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ื•ืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืื“ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:55
I can think of, which is Vint Cerf,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืกืจืฃ,
13:58
who is one of the founders who gave us the Internet. Vint?
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื•ื™ื ื˜?
14:01
VC: Thank you, Neil.
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ื•.ืก.: ืชื•ื“ื”, ื ื™ืœ.
14:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:07
A long time ago in a galaxy โ€” oops, wrong script.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” โ€”. ืื•ืคืก, ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืฉื’ื•ื™
14:12
Forty years ago, Bob Kahn and I
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ืœืคื ื™ 40 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงืื”ืŸ ื•ืื ื™
14:14
did the design of the Internet.
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ืชื™ื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
14:16
Thirty years ago, we turned it on.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื”ืคืขืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
14:18
Just last year, we turned on the production Internet.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืคืขืœื ื• ืืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
14:22
You've been using the experimental version
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ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช
14:24
for the last 30 years.
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ื‘-30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
14:25
The production version, it uses IP version 6.
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ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘- IP ื’ื™ืจืกื” 6.
14:28
It has 3.4 times 10 to the 38th possible terminations.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” 3.4 ืคืขืžื™ื 10 ืœ-38 ืกื™ื•ืžื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
14:33
That's a number only that Congress can appreciate.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืจืง ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš .
14:37
But it leads to what is coming next.
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. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืœืื”.
14:41
When Bob and I did this design,
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ื›ืฉื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
14:43
we thought we were building a system to connect computers together.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
14:47
What we very quickly discovered
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“
14:49
is that this was a system for connecting people together.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
14:52
And what you've seen tonight
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื”ืขืจื‘
14:54
tells you that we should not restrict this network
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ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช
14:58
to one species,
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ืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“,
15:01
that these other intelligent, sentient species
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ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื—ืฉื™ื
15:04
should be part of the system too.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
15:07
This is the system as it looks today, by the way.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘.
15:09
This is what the Internet looks like to a computer
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ืจืื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘
15:12
that's trying to figure out where the traffic
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ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
15:15
is supposed to go.
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ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืœื›ืช.
15:16
This is generated by a program
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
15:19
that's looking at the connectivity of the Internet,
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ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
15:22
and how all the various networks are connected together.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
15:25
There are about 400,000 networks, interconnected,
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ื™ืฉ ื›- 400,000 ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
15:28
run independently by 400,000 different operating agencies,
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ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 400,000 ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
15:33
and the only reason this works
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“
15:34
is that they all use the same standard TCP/IP protocols.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื.
15:38
Well, you know where this is headed.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
15:41
The Internet of Things tell us
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ื”"ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื•
15:43
that a lot of computer-enabled appliances and devices
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื ื™ื
15:47
are going to become part of this system too:
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• :
15:50
appliances that you use around the house,
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
15:52
that you use in your office,
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“,
15:54
that you carry around with yourself or in the car.
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ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
15:57
That's the Internet of Things that's coming.
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. ื–ื” "ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" ืฉืžื’ื™ืข.
15:59
Now, what's important about what these people are doing
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื
16:02
is that they're beginning to learn
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
16:04
how to communicate with species
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ืื™ืš ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื
16:07
that are not us
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืื ื—ื ื•.
16:09
but share a common sensory environment.
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ืืš ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
16:12
We're beginning to explore what it means
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
16:14
to communicate with something
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ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•
16:16
that isn't just another person.
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ืกืชื ืขื•ื“ ืื“ื.
16:18
Well, you can see what's coming next.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
16:21
All kinds of possible sentient beings
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
16:24
may be interconnected through this system,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•,
ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื.
16:26
and I can't wait to see these experiments unfold.
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16:29
What happens after that?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”?
16:31
Well, let's see.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืจืื”.
16:33
There are machines that need to talk to machines
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ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
16:37
and that we need to talk to, and so as time goes on,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
16:40
we're going to have to learn
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“
16:42
how to communicate with computers
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ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
16:43
and how to get computers to communicate with us
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื ื•
16:46
in the way that we're accustomed to,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื” ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
16:48
not with keyboards, not with mice,
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ืœื ืขื ืงืœื™ื“ื™ื, ืœื ืขื ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื,
16:51
but with speech and gestures
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ืืœื ืขื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื—ื•ื•ืช
16:53
and all the natural human language that we're accustomed to.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื”.
16:56
So we'll need something like C3PO
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• C3PO (ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืžื ื•ืื™ื“ ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื)
16:58
to become a translator between ourselves
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ืžืชืจื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ
17:01
and some of the other machines we live with.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืชืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
17:03
Now, there is a project that's underway
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.ื›ืขืช, ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจืš
17:06
called the interplanetary Internet.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™.
17:08
It's in operation between Earth and Mars.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžืื“ื™ื.
17:10
It's operating on the International Space Station.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
17:13
It's part of the spacecraft that's in orbit around the Sun
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
17:17
that's rendezvoused with two planets.
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ืฉื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืช.
17:19
So the interplanetary system is on its way,
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ืื– ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ -ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš.
17:21
but there's a last project,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
17:23
which the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
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ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœื—ืงืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
17:26
which funded the original ARPANET,
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ืฉืžื™ืžื ื” ืืช ืจืฉืช ืืจืค"ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช,
17:28
funded the Internet, funded the interplanetary architecture,
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ืžื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืžื™ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืช,
17:31
is now funding a project to design a spacecraft
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ืžืžืžื ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื—ืœืœื™ืช
17:34
to get to the nearest star in 100 years' time.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื™ื.
17:39
What that means is that what we're learning
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ. ื–ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
17:41
with these interactions with other species
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ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
17:43
will teach us, ultimately,
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ื™ืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
17:45
how we might interact with an alien from another world.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ.
17:49
I can hardly wait.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช
17:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:59
June Cohen: So first of all, thank you,
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ: ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš,
18:00
and I would like to acknowledge that four people
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
18:03
who could talk to us for full four days
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ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืœืื™ื
18:05
actually managed to stay to four minutes each,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“,
18:07
and we thank you for that.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
18:08
I have so many questions,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช,
18:10
but maybe a few practical things that the audience might want to know.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ืจืฆื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช.
ืืชื ืžืฉื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘- TED - ืค.ื’.: ื”ื™ื•ื
18:13
You're launching this idea here at TED โ€” PG: Today.
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18:16
JC: Today. This is the first time you're talking about it.
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ื’'.ืก: ื”ื™ื•ื.. ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
18:17
Tell me a little bit about where you're going to take the idea.
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ืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืœืืŸ ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื?
18:20
What's next?
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18:21
PG: I think we want to engage as many people
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ืค ื’: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
18:24
here as possible in helping us
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ื›ืืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
18:26
think of smart interfaces that will make all this possible.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
18:30
NG: And just mechanically,
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ื .ื’.: ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื ื™,
18:32
there's a 501(c)(3) and web infrastructure
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ื™ืฉ 501 (c)(3) (ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก) ื•ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืจืฉืช
18:34
and all of that, but it's not quite ready to turn on,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ,
18:36
so we'll roll that out, and contact us
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืฆืจื• ืืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ
18:38
if you want the information on it.
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš.
18:40
The idea is this will be -- much like the Internet functions
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”--ืžืื“ ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
18:43
as a network of networks,
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ื›ืžื• ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช,
18:44
which is Vint's core contribution,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื ื˜ ,
18:46
this will be a wrapper around all of these initiatives,
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
18:48
that are wonderful individually, to link them globally.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
18:51
JC: Right, and do you have a web address
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ื’'.ืกื™ : ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
18:52
that we might look for yet?
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ?
18:53
NG: Shortly. JC: Shortly. We will come back to you on that.
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ื .ื’. ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘. ื’'.ืกื™: ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื ืขื ื–ื”.
18:56
And very quickly, just to clarify.
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ื•ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
19:00
Some people might have looked at the video that you showed
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืฆืคื• ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉื”ืจืื™ืช
19:02
and thought, well, that's just a webcam.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ืžืฆืœืžืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
19:03
What's special about it?
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ืžื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื”?
19:04
If you could talk for just a moment
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืจื’ืข
19:06
about how you want to go past that?
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื–ื”?
19:08
NG: So this is scalable video infrastructure,
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ื .ื’.: ืื– ื–ื• ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืืžื”,
19:11
not for a few to a few but many to many,
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ืœื ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขื˜ื™ื ืืœื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื,
19:14
so that it scales to symmetrical video sharing
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™
19:17
and content sharing across these sites around the planet.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืชืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคืœื ื˜ื”.
19:20
So there's a lot of back-end signal processing,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื•ืช ืขื•ืจืคื™,
19:23
not for one to many, but for many to many.
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ืœื ืžืื—ื“ ืœืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื.
19:25
JC: Right, and then on a practical level,
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ื’'.ืกื™: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื™,
19:27
which technologies are you looking at first?
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ืื™ืœื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ?
19:28
I know you mentioned that a keyboard is a really key part of this.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื ืฉืœื•ื— ืžืงืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
19:32
DR: We're trying to develop an interactive touch screen for dolphins.
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ื“ ืจ: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืžืกืš ืžื’ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื.
19:35
This is sort of a continuation of some of the earlier work,
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื• ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”,
19:38
and we just got our first seed money today towards that,
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19:41
so it's our first project.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
19:42
JC: Before the talk, even. DR: Yeah.
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ื’'.ืกื™: ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”, ืืคื™ืœื•. ื“ ืจ: ื›ืŸ.
19:44
JC: Wow. Well done.
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JC: ื•ื•ืื•.ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
19:45
All right, well thank you all so much for joining us.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื ืืœื™ื ื•.
19:47
It's such a delight to have you on the stage.
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ื–ื” ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื’ ืœืืจื— ืื•ืชื›ื. ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
19:50
DR: Thank you. VC: Thank you.
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ื“ ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื”. ื•ื™.ืกื™: ืชื•ื“ื”.
19:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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