The interspecies Internet? An idea in progress...

譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Geoff Chen

Diana Reiss: You may think you're looking

黛安娜．瑞斯 (Diana Reiss)： 你可能會以為

through a window at a dolphin spinning playfully,

你透過一扇窗，看一隻海豚在旋轉玩耍，

but what you're actually looking through

但是其實你看到的是

is a two-way mirror at a dolphin

一面雙向鏡，

looking at itself spinning playfully.

裡頭的海豚看著自己在旋轉玩耍。

This is a dolphin that is self-aware.

這是有自我意識的海豚，

This dolphin has self-awareness.

這隻海豚有自我意識。

It's a young dolphin named Bayley.

這隻小海豚名叫貝利 (Bayley)。

I've been very interested in understanding the nature

過去三十年來，

of the intelligence of dolphins for the past 30 years.

我對海豚有智能的天性很有興趣，

How do we explore intelligence in this animal

我們怎麼發掘這種 和我們如此不同的動物

that's so different from us?

所具有的智能？

And what I've used is a very simple research tool,

我用的是非常簡單的研究工具：

a mirror, and we've gained great information,

一面鏡子，而且我們從中搜集到許多

reflections of these animal minds.

這些動物的資訊和內心的反應。

Dolphins aren't the only animals, the only non-human animals,

海豚不是唯一一種不是人類，

to show mirror self-recognition.

卻能夠從鏡中辨識自我的動物。

We used to think this was a uniquely human ability,

過去我們總以為這是人類獨特的技能，

but we learned that the great apes, our closest relatives,

但是我們從人類的近親大猩猩身上，

also show this ability.

也看到了這項能力。

Then we showed it in dolphins,

然後，我們在海豚和

and then later in elephants.

大象的身上也看到了，

We did this work in my lab with the dolphins and elephants,

我們在研究室中發現 海豚和大象都做到了。

最近我們發現的還有鵲。

and it's been recently shown in the magpie.

Now, it's interesting, because we've embraced

這其中的奧妙在於

this Darwinian view of a continuity in physical evolution,

一直以來，我們都遵循達爾文

在形體演化的連續理論，

this physical continuity.

But we've been much more reticent, much slower

但是我們卻很晚才察覺 演化不僅僅發生在形體，

at recognizing this continuity in cognition,

其他的動物在認知、情感、知覺上，

in emotion, in consciousness in other animals.

也都有演化的連續性。

Other animals are conscious.

其他的動物是有知覺的，

They're emotional. They're aware.

牠們有感情、有意識。

There have been multitudes of studies with many species

多年來，有許多不同物種的研究，

over the years that have given us exquisite evidence

提供了確切的證據，證明了其他動物

for thinking and consciousness in other animals,

具有思考和知覺的能力，

other animals that are quite different than we are in form.

那些動物的形體和我們很不一樣。

We are not alone.

我們不是獨一無二的。

We are not alone in these abilities.

我們並不是獨一無二 擁有這些能力的動物。

And I hope, and one of my biggest dreams,

我希望，我最大的夢想之一

is that, with our growing awareness

就是隨著更加認知到

about the consciousness of others

地球上其他動物具有知覺，

and our relationship with the rest of the animal world,

而我們和牠們的關係更緊密，

that we'll give them the respect and protection

人類就能用更公平的方式

that they deserve.

來尊敬與保護牠們。

So that's a wish I'm throwing out here for everybody,

因此，今天我要把這個 願望分享給每一位，

and I hope I can really engage you in this idea.

希望你們也可以認同這個想法。

Now, I want to return to dolphins,

現在，讓我們回到海豚，

because these are the animals that I feel like

因為我覺得，牠們已經和我

I've been working up closely and personal with

一同親密共事了

for over 30 years.

超過三十年。

And these are real personalities.

牠們都有真實的人格特質。

They are not persons, but they're personalities

牠們不是人，但是牠們對不同的事情

in every sense of the word.

也會展現不同的人格特質。

And you can't get more alien than the dolphin.

你無法找到比海豚更獨特的生物了。

They are very different from us in body form.

牠們和我們的體型大不相同，

They're radically different. They come from a radically different environment.

牠們生來就很特別， 在很特別的環境中生長。

其實，我們早在九千五百萬年前

In fact, we're separated by 95 million years

of divergent evolution.

就發生趨異演化，產生分歧。

Look at this body.

看看這個身體。

And in every sense of making a pun here,

說句雙關語，

these are true non-terrestrials.

牠們真的都不是地球人／陸地生物 ( non-terrestrials)。

I wondered how we might interface with these animals.

我曾疑惑要怎麼和這些動物搭上線，

In the 1980s, I developed an underwater keyboard.

1980 年代時，我發明了一種水底按鍵板，

This was a custom-made touch-screen keyboard.

這是一種客製化的觸控式按鍵板。

What I wanted to do was give the dolphins choice and control.

我想讓海豚能夠選擇和控制。

These are big brains, highly social animals,

這些是有較大的腦 和高度社交能力的動物。

and I thought, well, if we give them choice and control,

我想，嗯，如果我們 給牠們一些選擇和控制，

if they can hit a symbol on this keyboard --

如果牠們可以按一下按鍵板上的符號——

and by the way, it was interfaced by fiber optic cables

附帶一提，這是由惠普 (HP) 所製成的光纖電纜面板，

from Hewlett-Packard with an Apple II computer.

透過 Apple II 電腦來操作。

This seems prehistoric now,

現在看起來很過時，

but this was where we were with technology.

但那是我們當時僅有的技術。

So the dolphins could hit a key, a symbol,

海豚能按符號按鈕，

they heard a computer-generated whistle,

牠們聽到電腦發出的哨音，

and they got an object or activity.

就能夠找到對應的物體或活動。

Now here's a little video.

現在我們來看一小段影片，

This is Delphi and Pan, and you're going to see Delphi

這是德爾斐 (Delphi) 和潘 (Pan)， 你會看到德爾斐按了一顆按鈕，

hitting a key, he hears a computer-generated whistle -- (Whistle) --

牠聽到電腦發出的哨音， （哨音）

and gets a ball, so they can actually ask for things they want.

然後牠拿了球，因此牠們真的 可以要求牠們想要拿到的東西。

What was remarkable is, they explored this keyboard

驚人的是，牠們是靠自己 學會用這塊按鍵板的，

on their own. There was no intervention on our part.

我們完全沒有插手，

They explored the keyboard. They played around with it.

牠們自己摸索按鍵板，繞著它玩耍。

牠們找出使用的方法，

They figured out how it worked.

And they started to quickly imitate the sounds

然後在短時間內就開始學著模仿

牠們在按鍵板上聽到的聲音。

they were hearing on the keyboard.

They imitated on their own.

牠們自己模仿。

Beyond that, though, they started learning

這代表了牠們還開始學習

associations between the symbols, the sounds

符號、聲音和物體

and the objects.

之間的關係。

What we saw was self-organized learning,

我們看到的是 牠們有自主學習的能力，

and now I'm imagining, what can we do

我開始想像，我們可以運用

with new technologies?

什麼樣的新技術？

How can we create interfaces, new windows into

我們可以如何運用現有的科技

the minds of animals, with the technologies that exist today?

設計介面、開啟動物心靈的新視窗？

So I was thinking about this, and then, one day,

因此，我開始構想這件事，

I got a call from Peter.

然後有一天，我接到了彼得的電話。

Peter Gabriel: I make noises for a living.

彼得．蓋布瑞爾 (Peter Gabriel)： 我靠製造噪音為生。

On a good day, it's music,

在好日子的時候，我做的就是音樂，

and I want to talk a little bit about

我想談一點關於

the most amazing music-making experience I ever had.

我曾經歷最美妙的音樂創作經驗。

I'm a farm boy. I grew up surrounded by animals,

我是農村男孩， 成長過程中被動物環繞，

and I would look in these eyes and wonder

我會看著牠們的眼睛，疑惑著

what was going on there?

裡頭發生了什麼事？

So as an adult, when I started to read about

長大後，我開始讀一些 有重大突破的驚人故事，

the amazing breakthroughs with Penny Patterson and Koko,

像是佩妮．帕特森博士 ( Penny Patterson) 和可可 (Koko)、

with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Kanzi, Panbanisha,

休．薩瓦戈 - 魯姆博夫 (Sue Savage-Rumbaugh) 博士 和坎茲 (Kanzi)、潘班尼莎 (Panbanisha)、

Irene Pepperberg, Alex the parrot,

艾琳．派波柏格 (Irene Pepperberg)、 鸚鵡亞歷克斯 (Alex)，

I got all excited.

這些故事讓我非常興奮！

What was amazing to me also

最讓我驚奇的是

was they seemed a lot more adept

牠們似乎非常擅於使用人類的語言，

at getting a handle on our language

相較之下，我們對牠們的語言

than we were on getting a handle on theirs.

反而認識甚少。

I work with a lot of musicians from around the world,

我和世界上許多音樂家合作，

and often we don't have any common language at all,

通常我們沒有任何的共通語言，

but we sit down behind our instruments,

但是當我們坐在自己的樂器後，

and suddenly there's a way for us to connect and emote.

瞬間我們就能連結彼此、表達情感。

So I started cold-calling, and eventually got through

因此，我開始到處打電話詢問，

to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh,

終於我找到了休博士，

and she invited me down.

她邀請我過去。

I went down, and the bonobos

我到那裡時，矮黑猩猩已經會

had had access to percussion instruments,

敲打樂器和音樂玩具，

musical toys, but never before to a keyboard.

但是還沒用過鋼琴鍵盤。

At first they did what infants do,

一開始，牠們就像小嬰兒一樣，

just bashed it with their fists,

用拳頭胡亂敲打。

and then I asked, through Sue,

然後我透過休博士問

if Panbanisha could try with one finger only.

潘班尼莎能不能試著只用一根手指頭？

Sue Savage-Rumbaugh: Can you play a grooming song?

休博士：你可以彈一首編排過的曲子嗎？

I want to hear a grooming song.

我想聽一首曲子，

Play a real quiet grooming song.

彈一首不那麼吵的曲子。

PG: So groom was the subject of the piece.

彼得：因此主題是編排過的曲子。

(Music)

（音樂）

So I'm just behind, jamming,

我只是站在後頭，適時介入，

yeah, this is what we started with.

嗯，這是最初的作品，

Sue's encouraging her to continue a little more.

休博士鼓勵牠多彈一點。

(Music)

（音樂）

She discovers a note she likes,

牠發現了喜歡的音符，

finds the octave.

牠找到了音階。

She'd never sat at a keyboard before.

牠以前從來沒有坐在鍵盤前過。

Nice triplets.

這個三連音不錯。

SSR: You did good. That was very good.

休博士：你做得很好，非常棒！

PG: She hit good.

彼得：牠彈得很棒！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So that night, we began to dream,

因此那天晚上，我們開始想像，

and we thought, perhaps the most amazing tool

也許人類最棒的發明

that man's created is the Internet,

是網路，

and what would happen if we could somehow

我們是否能夠

find new interfaces,

找到新的介面，

visual-audio interfaces that would allow

一種影音介面， 讓這些和我們共同居住

these remarkable sentient beings

在地球上的非凡物種

that we share the planet with access?

能夠使用的？

And Sue Savage-Rumbaugh got excited about that,

休博士對這件事很興奮，

called her friend Steve Woodruff,

她撥電話給朋友 史提夫．伍德拉夫 (Steve Woodruff)，

and we began hustling all sorts of people

然後，我們就開始找尋在這領域工作，

whose work related or was inspiring,

並且從事相關的 激勵人心工作的朋友。

which led us to Diana,

後來，我們找到了黛安娜，

and led us to Neil.

認識了尼爾。

Neil Gershenfeld: Thanks, Peter. PG: Thank you.

尼爾．格申斐德 (Neil Gershenfeld)：謝謝彼得。 彼得：謝謝！

（掌聲）

(Applause)

NG: So Peter approached me.

尼爾：後來，彼得和我聯繫。

I lost it when I saw that clip.

這個影片完全吸引了我的目光。

He approached me with a vision of doing these things

他帶我進入新的視野， 做這些事不是為了人類，

not for people, for animals.

而是為了動物。

And then I was struck in the history of the Internet.

然後我開始研究起網路的歷史。

This is what the Internet looked like when it was born

這是網路剛誕生時的模樣，

and you can call that the Internet

你可以說

of middle-aged white men,

網路就是白種的中年男子。

mostly middle-aged white men.

幾乎都是白種的中年男子。

Vint Cerf: (Laughs)

文頓．瑟夫 (Vint Cerf)：（大笑）

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

NG: Speaking as one.

尼爾：說中一個了。

Then, when I first came to TED,

然後，在我第一次來 TED 的時候，

which was where I met Peter, I showed this.

我認識了彼得，我給他看了這個。

This is a $1 web server,

這是一塊美金的網頁伺服器，

and at the time that was radical.

這在那時候是很前衛的。

And the possibility of making a web server for a dollar

以一塊錢做一個網頁伺服器的潛力無窮，

grew into what became known as the Internet of Things,

這後來演變成眾所皆知的物聯網，

which is literally an industry now with tremendous implications

現在大量運用在健康照護

for health care, energy efficiency.

與節約能源兩大產業中。

And we were happy with ourselves.

我們很自得其樂。

And then when Peter showed me that,

當彼得給我看那個東西時，

I realized we had missed something,

我意識到，我們一定遺漏了什麼，

我們遺漏了地球的另一部分。

which is the rest of the planet.

So we started up this interspecies Internet project.

因此，我們開始進行物種間的網絡計畫。

Now we started talking with TED

後來，我們開始和 TED 討論，

about how you bring dolphins and great apes and elephants

要怎麼把海豚、大猩猩和大象帶來 TED，

to TED, and we realized that wouldn't work.

我們發現不可能，

So we're going to bring you to them.

所以，我們要把你們帶到牠們面前。

So if we could switch to the audio from this computer,

如果我們打開這台電腦的影音，

we've been video conferencing with cognitive animals,

就能和有認知能力的動物進行視訊會議，

and we're going to have each of them

現在就讓牠們

just briefly introduce them.

一一簡短地自我介紹。

And so if we could also have this up, great.

這個能投影到上面嗎？太好了。

So the first site we're going to meet

首先，我們來到韋科 (Waco) 的

is Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, with orangutans.

卡梅倫動物園 (Cameron Park Zoo) 拜訪猩猩。

In the daytime they live outside. It's nighttime there now.

白天牠們會在戶外，現在那邊是晚上。

So can you please go ahead?

可以開始了嗎？

Terri Cox: Hi, I'm Terri Cox

泰芮．柯克斯 (Terri Cox)： 嗨，我是泰芮．柯克斯，

with the Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, Texas,

我在德州韋科的卡梅倫動物園，

and with me I have KeraJaan and Mei,

在我身邊的是名叫 可拉．潔安 (KeraJaan) 和梅 (Mei)

two of our Bornean orangutans.

的婆羅洲猩猩 (Bornean orangutan) 。

During the day, they have a beautiful, large outdoor habitat,

白天，牠們可以待在戶外 一個很大、很美麗的棲息地裡；

and at night, they come into this habitat,

晚上，牠們回到這裡，

into their night quarters,

待在牠們的夜間宿舍，

where they can have a climate-controlled

牠們可以在受到溫溼度控制，

and secure environment to sleep in.

又安全的環境睡覺。

We participate in the Apps for Apes program

我們參加了紅毛猩猩外展組織 (Orangutan Outreach) 的

Orangutan Outreach, and we use iPads

猿猴專用 Apps 計劃，

to help stimulate and enrich the animals,

我們用 iPad 來鼓勵和充實動物的生活。

and also help raise awareness

另外也協助提升一些

for these critically endangered animals.

臨終動物的知覺。

And they share 97 percent of our DNA

牠們的 DNA 和人類有 97% 的相似度，

and are incredibly intelligent,

而且牠們非常聰明，

so it's so exciting to think of all the opportunities

想到有機會藉由科技和網路

that we have via technology and the Internet

來豐富牠們的生活、拓展牠們的世界，

to really enrich their lives and open up their world.

讓我非常興奮。

We're really excited about the possibility

我們很期待物種網絡

of an interspecies Internet,

實現的可能。

and K.J. has been enjoying the conference very much.

可拉很喜歡今天的會議。

NG: That's great. When we were rehearsing last night,

尼爾：太好了！我們昨晚彩排的時候，

牠見到大象時很開心。

he had fun watching the elephants.

Next user group are the dolphins at the National Aquarium.

下一組使用的團體是在國家水族館的海豚。

Please go ahead.

請開始。

Allison Ginsburg: Good evening.

愛莉森．金斯伯格 (Allison Ginsburg)： 午安！

Well, my name is Allison Ginsburg,

嗯，我的名字是愛莉森．金斯伯格，

我們現在國家水族館巴爾的摩分館。

and we're live in Baltimore at the National Aquarium.

我身旁的是館內八隻寬吻海豚中的三隻：

Joining me are three of our eight Atlantic bottlenose dolphins:

20-year-old Chesapeake, who was our first dolphin born here,

二十歲的契沙比克 (Chesapeake)， 是第一隻在這裡出生的海豚，

her four-year-old daughter Bayley,

還有她四歲大的女兒貝里 (Bayley)、

and her half sister, 11-year-old Maya.

同父異母的十一歲妹妹瑪雅 (Maya)。

Now, here at the National Aquarium

這裡是國家水族館，

we are committed to excellence in animal care,

我們致力於優質的動物照顧、

to research, and to conservation.

研究和保護。

The dolphins are pretty intrigued as to what's going on here tonight.

海豚對今晚這裡發生的事很好奇，

They're not really used to having cameras here

牠們不太習慣晚上八點

at 8 o'clock at night.

在這兒對著攝影機。

In addition, we are very committed to doing

另外，我們也致力於

different types of research.

做各種不同種類的研究。

As Diana mentioned, our animals are involved

如同黛安娜所說的，我們的動物

in many different research studies.

參與了很多不同種類的研究。

NG: Those are for you.

尼爾：這是為你們做的表演。

Okay, that's great, thank you.

真好，謝謝你！

And the third user group, in Thailand,

接下來第三組使用的團體是位在泰國的

is Think Elephants. Go ahead, Josh.

關懷大象基金會 (Think Elephants)， 喬許，請說。

Josh Plotnik: Hi, my name is Josh Plotnik,

喬許．普拉尼克 (Josh Plotnik)： 嗨！我是喬許．普拉尼克。

and I'm with Think Elephants International,

我和國際關懷大象基金會 (Think Elephants International)

and we're here in the Golden Triangle of Thailand

在泰國的金三角，

with the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation elephants.

我們和泰國的亞洲金三角大象基金會 (Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation)

And we have 26 elephants here,

的大象在一起。 我們在這裡有二十六隻大象。

and our research is focused on the evolution of intelligence with elephants,

我們的研究著重在大象的智能演化。

but our foundation Think Elephants is focused

但是我們所屬的關懷大象基金會著重在

on bringing elephants into classrooms around the world

把大象帶進全世界的教室裡，

virtually like this and showing people

就像現在這樣，

how incredible these animals are.

讓大家見識這些動物多麼驚人。

So we're able to bring the camera right up to the elephant,

我們可以把相機放在大象的上方，

put food into the elephant's mouth,

餵大象吃東西，

show people what's going on inside their mouths,

讓大家看看牠們嘴巴裡的樣子，

and show everyone around the world

讓全世界的人見識

how incredible these animals really are.

這些動物多麼驚人。

NG: Okay, that's great. Thanks Josh.

尼爾：太棒了！謝謝喬許。

And once again, we've been building great relationships

同樣地，從彩排起，

among them just since we've been rehearsing.

我們就和牠們建立了良好的關係。

So at that point, if we can go back to the other computer,

在那一刻，如果我們 可以回到另一台電腦，

we were starting to think about how you integrate

我們開始設想

the rest of the biomass of the planet into the Internet,

要如何在網路上結合 地球上的其他生物體。

and we went to the best possible person

然後我們找到我腦海裡最好的人選，

I can think of, which is Vint Cerf,

文頓．瑟夫，

who is one of the founders who gave us the Internet. Vint?

他是把網路帶到這個世界的 發明家之一，文頓？

VC: Thank you, Neil.

文頓：謝謝你，尼爾。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

A long time ago in a galaxy — oops, wrong script.

很久很久以前的銀河系裡 ——噢噢，我唸錯稿了。

Forty years ago, Bob Kahn and I

四十年前，鮑勃．卡恩 (Bob Kahn) 和我

did the design of the Internet.

發明了網路。

Thirty years ago, we turned it on.

三十年前，我們讓它和世人見面。

Just last year, we turned on the production Internet.

去年，我們讓網路成品上市。

You've been using the experimental version

你們已經使用了

for the last 30 years.

試用版三十年。

The production version, it uses IP version 6.

成品要用網際網路通訊協定第六版 (IP version 6)，

It has 3.4 times 10 to the 38th possible terminations.

它能有 3.4 乘上 10 的 38 次方個位址，

That's a number only that Congress can appreciate.

這種數字只有國會會讚賞。

But it leads to what is coming next.

但是它帶領我們進入了下一個階段。

When Bob and I did this design,

當年我和鮑勃設計時，

we thought we were building a system to connect computers together.

我們以為只是架了一個系統， 能夠連結所有的電腦。

What we very quickly discovered

不久之後，我們發現，

is that this was a system for connecting people together.

其實我們設計的是連結人類的系統。

And what you've seen tonight

而今晚你所見到的，

tells you that we should not restrict this network

讓你知道，我們不該把網路

to one species,

只侷限在一個物種裡，

that these other intelligent, sentient species

其他有智慧和感情的物種

should be part of the system too.

也應該一同參與。

This is the system as it looks today, by the way.

這是現在網路的模樣，附帶一提，

This is what the Internet looks like to a computer

這是電腦眼中網路的樣子，

that's trying to figure out where the traffic

要試著找出這些線路

is supposed to go.

應該連到哪裡去。

This is generated by a program

這張是由一個觀察網路連結情形，

that's looking at the connectivity of the Internet,

以及不同的網絡如何連結在一起的計畫

and how all the various networks are connected together.

所產出的圖片。

There are about 400,000 networks, interconnected,

大概有四十萬條網絡相互連結，

run independently by 400,000 different operating agencies,

由四十萬台不同的電腦運作，

and the only reason this works

這件事可行的唯一原因是

is that they all use the same standard TCP/IP protocols.

他們都使用相同標準的 TCP/IP 通訊協定。

Well, you know where this is headed.

嗯，你知道未來會怎麼發展。

The Internet of Things tell us

物聯網讓我們知道，

that a lot of computer-enabled appliances and devices

許多能在電腦上使用的裝置和設備，

are going to become part of this system too:

像是我們在家裡、

appliances that you use around the house,

辦公室、車上，

that you use in your office,

或是隨身帶著的裝置，

that you carry around with yourself or in the car.

也都將成為系統的一部分。

That's the Internet of Things that's coming.

這就是即將來臨的物聯網。

Now, what's important about what these people are doing

現在，這些人做的事 所象徵的重要意義是：

is that they're beginning to learn

他們開始學習

how to communicate with species

如何和其他物種溝通，

that are not us

而非人類，

but share a common sensory environment.

他們也和我們共享感觀世界，

We're beginning to explore what it means

我們開始探索

to communicate with something

和非人類的物種溝通

that isn't just another person.

代表了什麼意義。

Well, you can see what's coming next.

嗯，你可以看到接下來會發生什麼事。

All kinds of possible sentient beings

所有可能有感知的物種

may be interconnected through this system,

都可能透過這個系統來互動，

我等不及想體驗看看了。

and I can't wait to see these experiments unfold.

What happens after that?

在那之後會發生什麼事呢？

Well, let's see.

嗯，讓我們來看看。

There are machines that need to talk to machines

我們需要有能夠彼此對話的機器，

and that we need to talk to, and so as time goes on,

還有能夠和我們對話的機器，之後，

we're going to have to learn

我們就要學著

how to communicate with computers

去和電腦溝通，

and how to get computers to communicate with us

而且是用我們以往習慣的方式

in the way that we're accustomed to,

讓電腦和我們溝通，

not with keyboards, not with mice,

不是透過鍵盤、滑鼠，

but with speech and gestures

而是透過說話和手勢，

and all the natural human language that we're accustomed to.

以及所有我們慣用的自然人類語言。

So we'll need something like C3PO

因此，我們需要像 C3PO 這樣的東西， （C3PO：電影《星際大戰》中的機器人）

to become a translator between ourselves

來擔任我們和其它我們仰賴的機器

and some of the other machines we live with.

之間的翻譯。

Now, there is a project that's underway

現在有一個進行中的計畫，

called the interplanetary Internet.

叫做星際網路 (interplanetary Internet)。

It's in operation between Earth and Mars.

在地球和火星之間的

It's operating on the International Space Station.

國際太空站運行。

It's part of the spacecraft that's in orbit around the Sun

它屬於太空船的一部分， 在繞著太陽運行的軌道中，

that's rendezvoused with two planets.

會與兩顆行星會合。

So the interplanetary system is on its way,

星際網路的系統正在進行中，

but there's a last project,

但是還有一個最終的計畫，

which the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,

國防高級研究計劃局 (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)

which funded the original ARPANET,

就是當時設計阿帕網路計畫 (ARPNET)、

funded the Internet, funded the interplanetary architecture,

發明了網路、星際網路架構的單位，

is now funding a project to design a spacecraft

正在設計一艘能夠在一百年內

to get to the nearest star in 100 years' time.

抵達最近的星球的太空船。

What that means is that what we're learning

意義在於，

with these interactions with other species

我們從和其他物種間的互動中所學到的，

will teach us, ultimately,

最終，也會讓我們學會

how we might interact with an alien from another world.

如何和其它星球的外星人互動。

I can hardly wait.

我一刻也等不及了！

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

June Cohen: So first of all, thank you,

茱恩．柯恩 (Jun Cohen)： 首先，謝謝你們。

and I would like to acknowledge that four people

謝謝四位

who could talk to us for full four days

分別用短短的四分鐘，

actually managed to stay to four minutes each,

和我們分享本來 需要講上四天四夜的事，

and we thank you for that.

非常謝謝你們。

I have so many questions,

我有很多問題，

but maybe a few practical things that the audience might want to know.

不過也許觀眾會想知道 一些較實務的經驗。

你在 TED 分享的這個理念，是從… 彼得：今天。

You're launching this idea here at TED — PG: Today.

JC: Today. This is the first time you're talking about it.

茱恩：今天，這是第一次討論此事。

Tell me a little bit about where you're going to take the idea.

多告訴我們一點未來你會怎麼做？

下一步是什麼？

What's next?

PG: I think we want to engage as many people

彼得：我們想要盡可能讓更多人參與，

here as possible in helping us

來協助我們設計出

think of smart interfaces that will make all this possible.

更智慧型的介面，讓這一切都能成真。

NG: And just mechanically,

尼爾：在機械方面，

there's a 501(c)(3) and web infrastructure

我們有一個非營利組織 和公共網頁，

and all of that, but it's not quite ready to turn on,

但是還在建置中，

so we'll roll that out, and contact us

我們會完成它，

if you want the information on it.

如果你想要相關資訊，請和我們聯絡。

The idea is this will be -- much like the Internet functions

這個概念是，它會變成像是網路的功能，

as a network of networks,

變成許多網絡的網絡，

which is Vint's core contribution,

這是文頓貢獻的精髓，

this will be a wrapper around all of these initiatives,

這將會成為這些行動的外包裝，

that are wonderful individually, to link them globally.

一個個完美地將全球連結在一起。

JC: Right, and do you have a web address

茱恩：沒錯，你有網址能給我們

that we might look for yet?

上網看看嗎？

NG: Shortly. JC: Shortly. We will come back to you on that.

尼爾：馬上告訴你。 茱恩：馬上，我們回頭再問你。

And very quickly, just to clarify.

快速地釐清一件事，

Some people might have looked at the video that you showed

有些人看了你剛分享的影片，

and thought, well, that's just a webcam.

可能會想，嗯，只是網路攝影機，

What's special about it?

有什麼特別？

If you could talk for just a moment

你能不能和我們簡短談談

about how you want to go past that?

你未來要如何超越它？

NG: So this is scalable video infrastructure,

尼爾：這是可以擴展的公用設施，

not for a few to a few but many to many,

不是只提供給一些人，而是給許多人使用。

so that it scales to symmetrical video sharing

因此，它能擴展到讓影片對等地分享，

and content sharing across these sites around the planet.

並且能夠透過在全球的這些點來做分享。

So there's a lot of back-end signal processing,

所以會有很多後端的訊號處理，

not for one to many, but for many to many.

不只是一個對多個，而是多個對多個。

JC: Right, and then on a practical level,

茱恩：沒錯。至於在實務層面，

which technologies are you looking at first?

你首要尋找的是什麼樣的科技？

I know you mentioned that a keyboard is a really key part of this.

你提到按鍵板是很重要的一環。

DR: We're trying to develop an interactive touch screen for dolphins.

黛安娜：我們想為海豚 設計互動式的觸控面板，

This is sort of a continuation of some of the earlier work,

這有點像是延續早期的一些工作，

今天只是從第一批種子得到回饋，

and we just got our first seed money today towards that,

so it's our first project.

那是我們的第一個計畫。

JC: Before the talk, even. DR: Yeah.

茱恩：早在這場演說前？ 黛安娜：是的。

JC: Wow. Well done.

茱恩：哇，真棒。

All right, well thank you all so much for joining us.

好的，非常感謝你們的參與，

It's such a delight to have you on the stage.

很榮幸能邀請各位上台分享。

DR: Thank you. VC: Thank you.

黛安娜：謝謝！ 文頓：謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）