Milton Glaser: How great design makes ideas new

79,087 views ใƒป 2010-04-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:18
'Theme and variations' is one of those forms that
0
18330
3000
"ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช" ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:21
require a certain kind of intellectual activity,
1
21330
5000
ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
00:26
because you are always comparing the variation
2
26330
3000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื”
00:29
with the theme that you hold in your mind.
3
29330
3000
ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื.
00:32
You might say that the theme is nature
4
32330
4000
ืืชื ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืข
00:36
and everything that follows is a variation on the subject.
5
36330
8000
ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
00:46
I was asked, I guess about six years ago,
6
46330
8000
ื ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื,
00:54
to do a series of paintings
7
54330
5000
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื
00:59
that in some way would celebrate the birth of Piero della Francesca.
8
59330
7000
ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื™ื—ื’ื’ื• ืืช ืœื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืจื• ื“ืœื” ืคืจื ืฆ'ืกืงื”.
01:06
And it was very difficult for me to imagine
9
66330
4000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
01:10
how to paint pictures that were based on Piero
10
70330
9000
ืื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื™ืจื•
01:19
until I realized that I could look at Piero as nature --
11
79330
5000
ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืจื• ื›ื˜ื‘ืข --
01:26
that I would have the same attitude towards looking at Piero della Francesca
12
86330
7000
ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื™ืจื• ื“ืœื” ืคืจื ืฆ'ืกืงื”
01:33
as I would if I were looking out a window at a tree.
13
93330
3000
ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฅ.
01:36
And that was enormously liberating to me.
14
96330
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
01:39
Perhaps it's not a very insightful observation,
15
99330
4000
ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ืœื ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื”,
01:43
but that really started me on a path to be able to do a kind of theme and variations
16
103330
6000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช
01:49
based on a work by Piero,
17
109330
4000
ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืจื•,
01:53
in this case that remarkable painting that's in the Uffizi, "The Duke of Montefeltro,"
18
113330
7000
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคื™ืฆื™, "ื”ื“ื•ื›ืก ืžืžื•ื ื˜ืคืœื˜ืจื•,"
02:00
who faces his consort, Battista.
19
120330
5000
ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื”.
02:05
Once I realized that I could take some liberties with the subject,
20
125330
4000
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืงืฆืช ื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
02:09
I did the following series of drawings.
21
129330
3000
ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื•.
02:13
That's the real Piero della Francesca --
22
133330
4000
ื–ื” ืคื™ื™ืจื• ื“ืœื” ืคืจื ืฆ'ืกืงื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ --
02:18
one of the greatest portraits in human history.
23
138330
5000
ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:23
And these, I'll just show these without comment.
24
143330
4000
ื•ืืœื”, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืืจืื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช.
02:27
It's just a series of variations on the head of the Duke of Montefeltro,
25
147330
6000
ื–ื• ืจืง ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืก ืžืžื•ื ื˜ืคืœื˜ืจื•,
02:33
who's a great, great figure in the Renaissance,
26
153330
3000
ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื ืกืื ืก,
02:36
and probably the basis for Machiavelli's "The Prince."
27
156330
3000
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœ"ื”ื ืกื™ืš" ืฉืœ ืžืงื™ืื•ื•ืœื™.
02:39
He apparently lost an eye in battle,
28
159330
3000
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘,
02:42
which is why he is always shown in profile.
29
162330
3000
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ.
02:45
And this is Battista.
30
165330
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื”.
02:50
And then I decided I could move them around a little bit --
31
170330
5000
ื•ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื ืงืฆืช --
02:56
so that for the first time in history, they're facing the same direction.
32
176330
3000
ื›ืš ืฉืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:59
Whoops! Passed each other.
33
179330
3000
ืื•ืคืก! ืขื‘ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:06
And then a visitor from another painting by Piero,
34
186330
3000
ื•ืื– ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžืฆื™ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืจื•,
03:09
this is from "The Resurrection of Christ" --
35
189330
3000
ื–ื” ืž"ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•" --
03:12
as though the cast had just gotten of the set to have a chat.
36
192330
5000
ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืง ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ื‘ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืงืฆืช.
03:17
And now, four large panels:
37
197330
3000
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืจื‘ืขื” ืคืื ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื:
03:20
this is upper left;
38
200330
2000
ื–ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ;
03:22
upper right;
39
202330
2000
ื™ืžื ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ;
03:26
lower left;
40
206330
2000
ืฉืžืืœื™ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ;
03:29
lower right.
41
209330
2000
ื™ืžื ื™ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.
03:31
Incidentally, I've never understood the conflict between abstraction and naturalism.
42
211330
6000
ื“.ื., ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื–ื.
03:38
Since all paintings are inherently abstract to begin with
43
218330
4000
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
03:42
there doesn't seem to be an argument there.
44
222330
3000
ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื›ืืŸ.
03:45
On another subject --
45
225330
3000
ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ืจ --
03:48
(Laughter) --
46
228330
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
03:51
I was driving in the country one day with my wife,
47
231330
4000
ื ืกืขืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ืืฉืชื™,
03:55
and I saw this sign,
48
235330
2000
ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
03:57
and I said, "That is a fabulous piece of design."
49
237330
3000
ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ืคืœื."
04:00
And she said, "What are you talking about?"
50
240330
3000
ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ?"
04:03
I said, "Well, it's so persuasive,
51
243330
2000
ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉื›ื ืข,
04:05
because the purpose of that sign is to get you into the garage,
52
245330
5000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืžื•ืกืš,
04:10
and since most people are so suspicious of garages,
53
250330
5000
ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื,
04:15
and know that they're going to be ripped off,
54
255330
3000
ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื,
04:18
they use the word 'reliable.'
55
258330
3000
ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืืžื™ืŸ.'
04:21
But everybody says they're reliable.
56
261330
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื.
04:23
But, reliable Dutchman" --
57
263330
3000
ืื‘ืœ, ืื™ืฉ-ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืŸ" --
04:26
(Laughter) --
58
266330
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:28
"Fantastic!"
59
268330
2000
"ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™!"
04:30
Because as soon as you hear the word Dutchman --
60
270330
3000
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืื™ืฉ-ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ --
04:33
which is an archaic word, nobody calls Dutch people "Dutchmen" anymore --
61
273330
3000
ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืืจื›ืื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืงื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื•ืœื ื“ "ืื™ืฉ-ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™" ื™ื•ืชืจ --
04:36
but as soon as you hear Dutchman,
62
276330
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื™ืฉ-ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™,
04:38
you get this picture of the kid with his finger in the dike,
63
278330
3000
ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ืขื ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืกื›ืจ,
04:41
preventing the thing from falling and flooding Holland, and so on.
64
281330
3000
ืžื•ื ืข ืžื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืก ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื•ื›ื•'.
04:44
And so the entire issue is detoxified by the use of "Dutchman."
65
284330
7000
ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืงื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™."
04:51
Now, if you think I'm exaggerating at all in this,
66
291330
3000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
04:54
all you have to do is substitute something else, like "Indonesian."
67
294330
4000
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ื›ืžื• "ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™."
04:58
(Laughter)
68
298330
8000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:06
Or even "French."
69
306330
3000
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• "ืฆืจืคืชื™."
05:09
(Laughter)
70
309330
5000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:14
Now, "Swiss" works, but you know it's going to cost a lot of money.
71
314330
4000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, "ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™" ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
05:18
(Laughter)
72
318330
3000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:21
I'm going to take you quickly through the actual process of doing a poster.
73
321330
6000
ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ.
05:27
I do a lot of work for the School of Visual Arts, where I teach,
74
327330
3000
ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช, ืฉื ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“,
05:30
and the director of this school -- a remarkable man named Silas Rhodes --
75
330330
3000
ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” -- ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืกื™ืœืืก ืจื•ื“ืก --
05:33
often gives you a piece of text and he says, "Do something with this."
76
333330
5000
ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงื˜ืข ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ืชืขืฉื” ืขื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•."
05:38
And so he did.
77
338330
2000
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”.
05:40
And this was the text -- "In words as fashion the same rule will hold/
78
340330
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ -- "ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคื ื”, ืคื•ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืง/
05:43
Alike fantastic if too new or old/
79
343330
1000
ื™ืฉืŸ ืื• ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”/
05:44
Be not the first by whom the new are tried/
80
344330
4000
ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ /
05:48
Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."
81
348330
3000
ื•ืœื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฆื“."
05:51
I could make nothing of that.
82
351330
2000
ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื–ื” ื›ืœื•ื.
05:53
And I really struggled with this one.
83
353330
2000
ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืืžืฆืชื™ ืขื ื–ื”.
05:55
And the first thing I did, which was sort of in the absence of another idea,
84
355330
3000
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™, ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ,
05:58
was say I'll sort of write it out and make some words big,
85
358330
2000
ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
06:01
and I'll have some kind of design on the back somehow,
86
361330
5000
ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื,
06:06
and I was hoping -- as one often does -- to stumble into something.
87
366330
3000
ื•ืงื™ื•ื™ืชื™ -- ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื -- ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
06:09
So I took another crack at it --
88
369330
3000
ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื–ื” --
06:12
you've got to keep it moving --
89
372330
2000
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื–ื•ื– --
06:14
and I Xeroxed some words on pieces of colored paper
90
374330
2000
ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืคื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื
06:16
and I pasted them down on an ugly board.
91
376330
2000
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ืžื›ื•ืขืจ.
06:19
I thought that something would come out of it,
92
379330
3000
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฆื ืžื–ื”,
06:22
like "Words rule fantastic new old first last Pope"
93
382330
3000
ื›ืžื• "ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกืจื’ืœ ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืค"
06:25
because it's by Alexander Pope,
94
385330
3000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืคื™ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื•ืค,
06:28
but I sort of made a mess out of it,
95
388330
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืžื–ื”,
06:30
and then I thought I'd repeat it in some way so it was legible.
96
390330
2000
ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื™ื.
06:32
So, it was going nowhere.
97
392330
2000
ืื–, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืœืš ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
06:35
Sometimes, in the middle of a resistant problem,
98
395330
4000
ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขืงืฉื ื™ืช,
06:39
I write down things that I know about it.
99
399330
3000
ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื”.
06:42
But you can see the beginning of an idea there,
100
402330
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื,
06:44
because you can see the word "new" emerging from the "old."
101
404330
3000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื“ืฉ" ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”"ื™ืฉืŸ."
06:47
That's what happens.
102
407330
2000
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
06:49
There's a relationship between the old and the new;
103
409330
3000
ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉ;
06:52
the new emerges from the context of the old.
104
412330
2000
ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ.
06:54
And then I did some variations of it,
105
414330
2000
ื•ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
06:56
but it still wasn't coalescing graphically at all.
106
416330
4000
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืื—ื“ ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
07:00
I had this other version which had something interesting about it
107
420330
3000
ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื—ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
07:03
in terms of being able to put it together in your mind from clues.
108
423330
6000
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
07:09
The W was clearly a W, the N was clearly an N,
109
429330
3000
ื” W ื”ื™ื” W ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื” N ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ N,
07:12
even though they were very fragmentary
110
432330
4000
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื˜ืขื™ื
07:16
and there wasn't a lot of information in it.
111
436330
2000
ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ื”.
07:18
Then I got the words "new" and "old"
112
438330
2000
ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื—ื“ืฉ" ื• "ื™ืฉืŸ"
07:20
and now I had regressed back to a point where there seemed to be no return.
113
440330
5000
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžื ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”.
07:25
(Laughter)
114
445330
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:27
I was really desperate at this point.
115
447330
3000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืืฉ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
07:30
And so, I do something I'm truthfully ashamed of,
116
450330
4000
ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•,
07:34
which is that I took two drawings I had made for another purpose
117
454330
4000
ืฉื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช
07:38
and I put them together.
118
458330
4000
ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
07:43
It says "dreams" at the top.
119
463330
3000
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ "ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช" ืœืžืขืœื”.
07:46
And I was going to do a thing, I say, "Well, change the copy.
120
466330
3000
ื•ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง.
07:49
Let it say something about dreams, and come to SVA
121
469330
4000
ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช
07:53
and you'll sort of fulfill your dreams."
122
473330
2000
ื•ืชื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ืš."
07:55
But, to my credit,
123
475330
2000
ืื‘ืœ, ื™ืืžืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื™,
07:57
I was so embarrassed about doing that
124
477330
3000
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
08:00
that I never submitted this sketch.
125
480330
3000
ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืงื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:04
And, finally, I arrived at the following solution.
126
484330
5000
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื.
08:09
Now, it doesn't look terribly interesting,
127
489330
4000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
08:13
but it does have something
128
493330
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
08:16
that distinguishes it from a lot of other posters.
129
496330
5000
ืฉืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:22
For one thing, it transgresses the idea of what a poster's supposed to be,
130
502330
4000
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืคืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
08:26
which is to be understood and seen immediately, and not explained.
131
506330
8000
ืฉื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ.
08:34
I remember hearing all of you in the graphic arts --
132
514330
3000
ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช --
08:37
"If you have to explain it, it ain't working."
133
517330
3000
"ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“."
08:40
And one day I woke up and I said, "Well, suppose that's not true?"
134
520330
4000
ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
08:44
(Laughter)
135
524330
6000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:50
So here's what it says in my explanation at the bottom left.
136
530330
4000
ืื– ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœืžื˜ื”.
08:55
It says, "Thoughts: This poem is impossible.
137
535330
6000
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
09:01
Silas usually has a better touch with his choice of quotations.
138
541330
4000
ืœืกื™ืœืืก ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื.
09:05
This one generates no imagery at all."
139
545330
2000
ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื•ื ืืคืงื˜ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™."
09:07
I am now exposing myself to my audience, right?
140
547330
3000
ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื™, ื›ืŸ?
09:10
Which is something you never want to do professionally.
141
550330
3000
ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืฃ ืคืขื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
09:13
"Maybe the words can make the image without anything else happening.
142
553330
4000
"ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ืงืจื”.
09:17
What's the heart of this poem?
143
557330
2000
ืžื” ืœื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
09:19
Don't be trendy if you want to be serious.
144
559330
2000
ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
09:21
Is doing the poster this way trendy in itself?
145
561330
3000
ื”ืื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”?
09:24
I guess one could reduce the idea further
146
564330
2000
ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืžืฆืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:26
by suggesting that the new emerges behind and through the old,
147
566330
4000
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืŸ,
09:30
like this."
148
570330
2000
ื›ื›ื”."
09:32
And then I show you a little drawing --
149
572330
2000
ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื™ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ --
09:34
you see, you remember that old thing I discarded?
150
574330
3000
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ืจืงืชื™?
09:37
Well, I found a way to use it.
151
577330
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•.
09:39
So, there's that little alternative over there,
152
579330
3000
ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื,
09:42
and I say, "Not bad," -- criticizing myself --
153
582330
4000
ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœื ืจืข," -- ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ --
09:46
"but more didactic than visual.
154
586330
3000
"ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ ืžื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™.
09:49
Maybe what wants to be said is that old and the new are locked in a dialectical embrace,
155
589330
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™,
09:52
a kind of dance where each defines the other."
156
592330
2000
ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™."
09:54
And then more self-questioning -- "Am I being simple-minded?
157
594330
4000
ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช -- "ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ืžื“ื™?
09:58
Is this the kind of simple that looks obvious, or the kind that looks profound?
158
598330
4000
ื”ืื ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื•, ืื• ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื ืจืื” ืขืžื•ืง?
10:02
There's a significant difference.
159
602330
2000
ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
10:04
This could be embarrassing.
160
604330
2000
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืฉ.
10:06
Actually, I realize fear of embarrassment drives me as much as any ambition.
161
606330
4000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืคื—ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืคื”.
10:10
Do you think this sort of thing could really attract a student to the school?"
162
610330
4000
ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ?"
10:14
(Laughter)
163
614330
7000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:21
Well, I think there are two fresh things here -- two fresh things.
164
621330
5000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื ืคื” -- ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจืขื ื ื™ื.
10:26
One is the sort of willingness to expose myself to a critical audience,
165
626330
7000
ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืงื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™,
10:33
and not to suggest that I am confident about what I'm doing.
166
633330
6000
ื•ืœื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
10:39
And as you know, you have to have a front.
167
639330
4000
ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื—ื–ื™ืช.
10:43
I mean -- you've got to be confident;
168
643330
2000
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ -- ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื;
10:45
if you don't believe in your work, who else is going to believe in it?
169
645330
3000
ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื™ ื™ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”?
10:48
So that's one thing,
170
648330
2000
ืื– ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
10:50
to introduce the idea of doubt into graphics.
171
650330
5000
ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
10:55
That can be a big contribution.
172
655330
2000
ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
10:57
The other thing is to actually give you two solutions for the price of one;
173
657330
4000
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื—ื“;
11:01
you get the big one
174
661330
3000
ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
11:04
and if you don't like that, how about the little one?
175
664330
3000
ื•ืื ืืชื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืžื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืงื˜ืŸ?
11:07
(Laughter)
176
667330
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:09
And that too is a relatively new idea.
177
669330
3000
ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
11:12
And here's just a series of experiments
178
672330
3000
ื•ื”ื ื” ืจืง ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื
11:15
where I ask the question of -- does a poster have to be square?
179
675330
5000
ื‘ื”ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ -- ื”ืื ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืข?
11:20
Now, this is a little illusion.
180
680330
3000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ืืฉืœื™ื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
11:23
That poster is not folded.
181
683330
2000
ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืœื ืžืงื•ืคืœ.
11:25
It's not folded, that's a photograph
182
685330
3000
ื–ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ืคืœ, ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื”
11:28
and it's cut on the diagonal.
183
688330
2000
ื•ื–ื” ื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ.
11:31
Same cheap trick in the upper left-hand corner.
184
691330
3000
ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืจื™ืง ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
11:36
And here,
185
696330
2000
ื•ื›ืืŸ,
11:38
a very peculiar poster because,
186
698330
2000
ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™,
11:40
simply because of using the isometric perspective in the computer,
187
700330
5000
ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘,
11:45
it won't sit still in the space.
188
705330
3000
ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
11:48
At times, it seems to be wider at the back than the front,
189
708330
3000
ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื,
11:51
and then it shifts.
190
711330
2000
ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื”.
11:53
And if you sit here long enough, it'll float off the page into the audience.
191
713330
4000
ื•ืื ืชืฉื‘ื• ืคื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื”ื“ืฃ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ.
11:58
But, we don't have time.
192
718330
2000
ืื‘ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ.
12:00
(Laughter)
193
720330
1000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:01
And then an experiment --
194
721330
2000
ื•ืื– ื ื™ืกื•ื™ --
12:03
a little bit about the nature of perspective,
195
723330
3000
ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”,
12:06
where the outside shape is determined by the peculiarity of perspective,
196
726330
4000
ืฉื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”,
12:10
but the shape of the bottle -- which is identical to the outside shape --
197
730330
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง -- ืฉื–ื”ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช --
12:14
is seen frontally.
198
734330
2000
ื ืจืื™ืช ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
12:16
And another piece for the art directors' club
199
736330
4000
ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ
12:20
is "Anna Rees" casting long shadows.
200
740330
4000
ื”ื™ื "ืื ื” ืจื™ืก" ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืฆืœืœื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.
12:24
This is another poster from the School of Visual Arts.
201
744330
3000
ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช.
12:27
There were 10 artists invited to participate in it,
202
747330
5000
ื”ื™ื• 10 ืืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื–ื”,
12:32
and it was one of those things where it was extremely competitive
203
752330
2000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™
12:34
and I didn't want to be embarrassed,
204
754330
2000
ื•ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืฉ,
12:36
so I worked very hard on this.
205
756330
3000
ืื– ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:39
The idea was -- and it was a brilliant idea --
206
759330
2000
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” -- ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง --
12:41
was to have 10 posters distributed throughout the city's subway system
207
761330
4000
ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• 10 ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช
12:45
so every time you got on the subway you'd be passing a different poster,
208
765330
4000
ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืขืœื™ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชืขื‘ืจื• ื“ืจืš ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืื—ืจ,
12:49
all of which had a different idea of what art is.
209
769330
4000
ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื ื•ืช.
12:53
But I was absolutely stuck on the idea of "art is"
210
773330
6000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืงื•ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื"
12:59
and trying to determine what art was.
211
779330
4000
ื•ืœื ืกื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื”.
13:03
But then I gave up and I said, "Well, art is whatever."
212
783330
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™ ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”."
13:07
And as soon as I said that,
213
787330
2000
ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”,
13:09
I discovered that the word "hat" was hidden in the word "whatever,"
214
789330
3000
ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื›ื•ื‘ืข" ืžืชื—ื‘ืืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”,"
13:12
and that led me to the inevitable conclusion.
215
792330
3000
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช.
13:15
But then again, it's on my list of didactic posters.
216
795330
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
13:19
My intent is to have a literary accompaniment that explains the poster,
217
799330
4000
ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ,
13:23
in case you don't get it.
218
803330
3000
ืื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืืช ื–ื”.
13:26
(Laughter)
219
806330
2000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:28
Now this says, "Note to the viewer:
220
808330
2000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ืขืจื” ืœืฆื•ืคื”:
13:30
I thought I might use a visual cliche of our time -- Magritte's everyman --
221
810330
3000
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืœืฉืื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื• -- ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจื™ื˜ --
13:33
to express the idea that art is mystery, continuity and history.
222
813330
4000
ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
13:37
I'm also convinced that, in an age of computer manipulation,
223
817330
3000
ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข, ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘,
13:40
surrealism has become banal,
224
820330
3000
ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ื ืืœื™,
13:43
a shadow of its former self.
225
823330
2000
ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
13:45
The phrase 'Art is whatever'
226
825330
2000
ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”,
13:47
expresses the current inclusiveness that surrounds art-making --
227
827330
3000
ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืœืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช --
13:50
a sort of 'it ain't what you do, it's the way that you do it' notion.
228
830330
3000
ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ 'ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”, ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”'.
13:53
The shadow of Magritte falls across the central part of the poster
229
833330
4000
ื”ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจื™ื˜ ื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ
13:57
a poetic event that occurs as the shadow man isolates the word 'hat,'
230
837330
5000
ืืจื•ืข ืคื•ืื˜ื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื›ื•ื‘ืข,'
14:02
hidden in the word 'whatever.'
231
842330
2000
ืฉืžื•ื—ื‘ืืช ื‘'ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.'
14:04
The four hats shown in the poster suggests how art might be defined:
232
844330
3000
ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืžื ื•ืช:
14:07
as a thing itself, the worth of the thing, the shadow of the thing,
233
847330
4000
ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืขืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฆืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
14:11
and the shape of the thing.
234
851330
2000
ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
14:13
Whatever."
235
853330
2000
ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”."
14:15
(Applause)
236
855330
1000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:16
OK.
237
856330
1000
ืื•ืงื™ื™.
14:17
(Applause)
238
857330
5000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:22
And the one that I did not submit,
239
862330
3000
ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื’ืฉืชื™,
14:25
which I still like,
240
865330
2000
ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘,
14:27
I wanted to use the same phrase.
241
867330
2000
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
14:29
There were wonderful experiments by Bruno Munari
242
869330
6000
ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ืžื•ื ืจื™
14:35
on letterforms some years ago --
243
875330
2000
ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื --
14:37
sort of, see how far you could go and still be able to read them.
244
877330
2000
ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
14:39
And that idea stuck in my head.
245
879330
2000
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืชืงืข ื‘ืจืืฉื™.
14:41
But then I took the pieces that I had taken off and put them at the bottom.
246
881330
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
14:46
And, of course those are the remains, and they're so labeled.
247
886330
5000
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืœื” ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื•ืช.
14:51
But what really happens is that you read it as:
248
891330
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”:
14:54
"Art is whatever remains."
249
894330
3000
"ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ."
14:57
Thank you.
250
897330
2000
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
14:59
(Applause)
251
899330
9000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7