Milton Glaser: How great design makes ideas new

79,087 views ใƒป 2010-04-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Moonjeong Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jungwoo Jin
00:18
'Theme and variations' is one of those forms that
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์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
00:21
require a certain kind of intellectual activity,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
because you are always comparing the variation
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
00:29
with the theme that you hold in your mind.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:32
You might say that the theme is nature
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
00:36
and everything that follows is a variation on the subject.
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๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I was asked, I guess about six years ago,
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์ €๋Š” 6๋…„ ์ „ ์ฆˆ์Œ์—
00:54
to do a series of paintings
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ํ”ผ์—๋กœ ๋ธ๋ผ ํ”„๋ž€์ฒด์Šค์นด์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:59
that in some way would celebrate the birth of Piero della Francesca.
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
And it was very difficult for me to imagine
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ํ”ผ์—๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:10
how to paint pictures that were based on Piero
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์ €๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
until I realized that I could look at Piero as nature --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์—๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:26
that I would have the same attitude towards looking at Piero della Francesca
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:33
as I would if I were looking out a window at a tree.
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ํ”ผ์—๋กœ ๋ธ๋ผ ํ”„๋ž€์ฒด์Šค์นด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And that was enormously liberating to me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:39
Perhaps it's not a very insightful observation,
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๋น„๋ก ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:43
but that really started me on a path to be able to do a kind of theme and variations
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์—๋กœ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:49
based on a work by Piero,
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์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
in this case that remarkable painting that's in the Uffizi, "The Duke of Montefeltro,"
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์šฐํ”ผ์น˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ "๋ชฌํ…ŒํŽ ํŠธ๋กœ ๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒ" ์ด๋ž€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:00
who faces his consort, Battista.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์Šคํƒ€์™€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด์ฃ .
02:05
Once I realized that I could take some liberties with the subject,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
02:09
I did the following series of drawings.
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
That's the real Piero della Francesca --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ผ์—๋กœ ๋ธ๋ผ ํ”„๋ž€์ฒด์Šค์นด์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
one of the greatest portraits in human history.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™” ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
02:23
And these, I'll just show these without comment.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
02:27
It's just a series of variations on the head of the Duke of Montefeltro,
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๋ชฌํ…ŒํŽ ํŠธ๋กœ ๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค€ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
who's a great, great figure in the Renaissance,
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๋ชฌํ…ŒํŽ ํŠธ๋กœ ๊ณต์ž‘์€ ๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ
02:36
and probably the basis for Machiavelli's "The Prince."
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์•„๋งˆ ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
He apparently lost an eye in battle,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:42
which is why he is always shown in profile.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜† ๋ชจ์Šต๋งŒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™”๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:45
And this is Battista.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ์Šคํƒ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And then I decided I could move them around a little bit --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
so that for the first time in history, they're facing the same direction.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:59
Whoops! Passed each other.
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์–ด์ด์ฟ ! ์„œ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋„ค์š”.
03:06
And then a visitor from another painting by Piero,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„  ํ”ผ์—๋กœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
this is from "The Resurrection of Christ" --
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"์˜ˆ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ€ํ™œ" ์ด๋ž€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:12
as though the cast had just gotten of the set to have a chat.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ๋ ค ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
03:17
And now, four large panels:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 4์žฅ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํŒจ๋„๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
this is upper left;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ƒ๋‹จ์ด๊ณ ,
03:22
upper right;
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์ƒ๋‹จ,
03:26
lower left;
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์™ผ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋‹จ,
03:29
lower right.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ•˜๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Incidentally, I've never understood the conflict between abstraction and naturalism.
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๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–˜๊ธด๋ฐ, ์ €๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Since all paintings are inherently abstract to begin with
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
03:42
there doesn't seem to be an argument there.
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์ด๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ ํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
03:45
On another subject --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:48
(Laughter) --
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:51
I was driving in the country one day with my wife,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ๊ธธ์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:55
and I saw this sign,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€์š”.
03:57
and I said, "That is a fabulous piece of design."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋””์ž์ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”!"
04:00
And she said, "What are you talking about?"
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์”€์ด์„ธ์š”?"
04:03
I said, "Well, it's so persuasive,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
04:05
because the purpose of that sign is to get you into the garage,
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"์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋น„์†Œ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,"
04:10
and since most people are so suspicious of garages,
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"๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ "
04:15
and know that they're going to be ripped off,
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,"
04:18
they use the word 'reliable.'
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"์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค(reliable) ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•„์š”."
04:21
But everybody says they're reliable.
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:23
But, reliable Dutchman" --
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์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ(reliable Dutchman) ์ด๋ผ๋‹ˆ์š”.."
04:26
(Laughter) --
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:28
"Fantastic!"
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์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ !
04:30
Because as soon as you hear the word Dutchman --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ํ’์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ 
04:33
which is an archaic word, nobody calls Dutch people "Dutchmen" anymore --
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ(Dutchmen)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
04:36
but as soon as you hear Dutchman,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ
04:38
you get this picture of the kid with his finger in the dike,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์— ์†์„ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
preventing the thing from falling and flooding Holland, and so on.
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
04:44
And so the entire issue is detoxified by the use of "Dutchman."
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, "๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ"์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:51
Now, if you think I'm exaggerating at all in this,
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์ž, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:54
all you have to do is substitute something else, like "Indonesian."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:06
Or even "French."
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ธ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:14
Now, "Swiss" works, but you know it's going to cost a lot of money.
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์Šค์œ„์Šค์ธ๋„ ์ข‹๊ตฐ์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:21
I'm going to take you quickly through the actual process of doing a poster.
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์ž, ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
I do a lot of work for the School of Visual Arts, where I teach,
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์ €๋Š” School of Visual Arts์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
and the director of this school -- a remarkable man named Silas Rhodes --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™์žฅ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋กœ๋“œ์”จ - ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์ฃ  -
05:33
often gives you a piece of text and he says, "Do something with this."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒŒ."
05:38
And so he did.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:40
And this was the text -- "In words as fashion the same rule will hold/
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š” -- "์–ธ์–ด๋„ ํŒจ์…˜์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค."
05:43
Alike fantastic if too new or old/
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"๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค."
05:44
Be not the first by whom the new are tried/
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"์ƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
05:48
Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."
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"๊ตฌ์‹์„ ์ œ์ผ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋’ค์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:51
I could make nothing of that.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And I really struggled with this one.
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์ด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋™๋™๊ฑฐ๋ ธ์ฃ .
05:55
And the first thing I did, which was sort of in the absence of another idea,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ๋ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•œ ์ผ์€
05:58
was say I'll sort of write it out and make some words big,
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๊ทธ ๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ ์–ด์„œ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
06:01
and I'll have some kind of design on the back somehow,
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
and I was hoping -- as one often does -- to stumble into something.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์ฃ .
06:09
So I took another crack at it --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”,
06:12
you've got to keep it moving --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
and I Xeroxed some words on pieces of colored paper
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ข…์ด์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:16
and I pasted them down on an ugly board.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชป ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ณด๋“œ์—๋‹ค ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
I thought that something would come out of it,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
like "Words rule fantastic new old first last Pope"
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด "์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ธ ํฌํ”„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค (Words rule fantastic new old first last Pope)" ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
because it's by Alexander Pope,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํฌํ”„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:28
but I sort of made a mess out of it,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋’ค์ฃฝ๋ฐ•์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ž์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
and then I thought I'd repeat it in some way so it was legible.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:32
So, it was going nowhere.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
Sometimes, in the middle of a resistant problem,
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์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ
06:39
I write down things that I know about it.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์–ด๋ณด๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
But you can see the beginning of an idea there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:44
because you can see the word "new" emerging from the "old."
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'new'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'old'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
That's what happens.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
There's a relationship between the old and the new;
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'new'๊ฐ€ 'old'์˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:52
the new emerges from the context of the old.
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'old'์™€ 'new'์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
And then I did some variations of it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
but it still wasn't coalescing graphically at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:00
I had this other version which had something interesting about it
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:03
in terms of being able to put it together in your mind from clues.
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๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์†์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
The W was clearly a W, the N was clearly an N,
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W ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ W ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , N ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ N ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:12
even though they were very fragmentary
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ ,
07:16
and there wasn't a lot of information in it.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Then I got the words "new" and "old"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ 'new' ์™€ 'old' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
07:20
and now I had regressed back to a point where there seemed to be no return.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ง€์ ์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:27
I was really desperate at this point.
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And so, I do something I'm truthfully ashamed of,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
07:34
which is that I took two drawings I had made for another purpose
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋‘ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
07:38
and I put them together.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
It says "dreams" at the top.
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๋งจ ์œ„์— "๊ฟˆ" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€์žˆ์ฃ .
07:46
And I was going to do a thing, I say, "Well, change the copy.
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋ฌธ๊ตฌ(copy)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”.
07:49
Let it say something about dreams, and come to SVA
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๊ฟˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SVA์— ์™€์„œ
07:53
and you'll sort of fulfill your dreams."
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€."
07:55
But, to my credit,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €์˜ ์ฒด๋ฉด์ƒ
07:57
I was so embarrassed about doing that
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์› ๊ณ 
08:00
that I never submitted this sketch.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ด ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And, finally, I arrived at the following solution.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Now, it doesn't look terribly interesting,
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์ž, ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .
08:13
but it does have something
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
08:16
that distinguishes it from a lot of other posters.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
For one thing, it transgresses the idea of what a poster's supposed to be,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:26
which is to be understood and seen immediately, and not explained.
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์ด๋Š” ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์„ค๋ช… ์—†์ด๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
I remember hearing all of you in the graphic arts --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์•„ํŠธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ --
08:37
"If you have to explain it, it ain't working."
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"๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋‹ค" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
And one day I woke up and I said, "Well, suppose that's not true?"
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ผ๊นŒ?"
08:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:50
So here's what it says in my explanation at the bottom left.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‹จ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
It says, "Thoughts: This poem is impossible.
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"๊ฒฌํ•ด: ์ด ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:01
Silas usually has a better touch with his choice of quotations.
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"์‚ฌ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์Šค์”จ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด ์ธ์šฉ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ ."
09:05
This one generates no imagery at all."
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"์ด ์‹œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:07
I am now exposing myself to my audience, right?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฒญ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
09:10
Which is something you never want to do professionally.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
"Maybe the words can make the image without anything else happening.
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"์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
What's the heart of this poem?
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์ด ์‹œ์˜ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:19
Don't be trendy if you want to be serious.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:21
Is doing the poster this way trendy in itself?
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ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋””ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:24
I guess one could reduce the idea further
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
by suggesting that the new emerges behind and through the old,
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'new'๊ฐ€ 'old' ๋’ค์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:30
like this."
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "
09:32
And then I show you a little drawing --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ --
09:34
you see, you remember that old thing I discarded?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Well, I found a way to use it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:39
So, there's that little alternative over there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์–ด๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
and I say, "Not bad," -- criticizing myself --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์–ด๋†“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„" -- ์ € ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ  --
09:46
"but more didactic than visual.
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹จ ์ข€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์ ์ด์ฃ "
09:49
Maybe what wants to be said is that old and the new are locked in a dialectical embrace,
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"์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ old์™€ new๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
a kind of dance where each defines the other."
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋Œ„์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ "
09:54
And then more self-questioning -- "Am I being simple-minded?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข€ ๋” ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์ฃ  -- "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?"
09:58
Is this the kind of simple that looks obvious, or the kind that looks profound?
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ป”ํžˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?"
10:02
There's a significant difference.
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"๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:04
This could be embarrassing.
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"์ด๊ฑด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:06
Actually, I realize fear of embarrassment drives me as much as any ambition.
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"์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์•ผ๋ง๋งŒํผ ์ €๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:10
Do you think this sort of thing could really attract a student to the school?"
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"์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•™์ƒ์„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
10:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:21
Well, I think there are two fresh things here -- two fresh things.
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฃ .
10:26
One is the sort of willingness to expose myself to a critical audience,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”, ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊บผํžˆ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
10:33
and not to suggest that I am confident about what I'm doing.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
And as you know, you have to have a front.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•ž์žฅ์„œ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:43
I mean -- you've got to be confident;
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
if you don't believe in your work, who else is going to believe in it?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:48
So that's one thing,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ
10:50
to introduce the idea of doubt into graphics.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:55
That can be a big contribution.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๊ณตํ—Œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
The other thing is to actually give you two solutions for the price of one;
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
you get the big one
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
and if you don't like that, how about the little one?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
11:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:09
And that too is a relatively new idea.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
And here's just a series of experiments
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
where I ask the question of -- does a poster have to be square?
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๊ฐ€๋ น 'ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?' ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:20
Now, this is a little illusion.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฉ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
11:23
That poster is not folded.
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์ด ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ ‘ํ˜€์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
It's not folded, that's a photograph
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—์š”.
11:28
and it's cut on the diagonal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ž์ง€์š”.
11:31
Same cheap trick in the upper left-hand corner.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ƒ๋‹จ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
And here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„์š”,
11:38
a very peculiar poster because,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:40
simply because of using the isometric perspective in the computer,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์ธกํˆฌ์˜๋ฒ•(isometric perspective)๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ,
11:45
it won't sit still in the space.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:48
At times, it seems to be wider at the back than the front,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋’ท ์ชฝ์ด ์•ž ์ชฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์–ด๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:51
and then it shifts.
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์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
And if you sit here long enough, it'll float off the page into the audience.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ• ๋– ์„œ ๊ด€๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
But, we don't have time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์ฃ .
12:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:01
And then an experiment --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:03
a little bit about the nature of perspective,
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์›๊ทผ๋ฒ•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
12:06
where the outside shape is determined by the peculiarity of perspective,
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์›๊ทผ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ค์กŒ์ฃ .
12:10
but the shape of the bottle -- which is identical to the outside shape --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณ‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
12:14
is seen frontally.
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์•ž์— ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And another piece for the art directors' club
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ฐ๋…ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€
12:20
is "Anna Rees" casting long shadows.
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์•ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
This is another poster from the School of Visual Arts.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ School of Visual Arts์˜ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
There were 10 artists invited to participate in it,
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10๋ช…์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:32
and it was one of those things where it was extremely competitive
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์•„์ฃผ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์ง€์š”.
12:34
and I didn't want to be embarrassed,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ง์‹ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
so I worked very hard on this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:39
The idea was -- and it was a brilliant idea --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ
12:41
was to have 10 posters distributed throughout the city's subway system
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 10์žฅ์˜ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋†“์Œ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
12:45
so every time you got on the subway you'd be passing a different poster,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ํƒˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:49
all of which had a different idea of what art is.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
But I was absolutely stuck on the idea of "art is"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” "์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ง‰ํ˜€๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ 
12:59
and trying to determine what art was.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:03
But then I gave up and I said, "Well, art is whatever."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, "๋ญ๋“ ์ง€๊ฐ„์— ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด์ž–์•„(art is whatever)" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
And as soon as I said that,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
13:09
I discovered that the word "hat" was hidden in the word "whatever,"
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์ €๋Š” 'whatever'๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์†์— 'hat'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
13:12
and that led me to the inevitable conclusion.
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์ด ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
But then again, it's on my list of didactic posters.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ, ์ €์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์ ์ธ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
My intent is to have a literary accompaniment that explains the poster,
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์ €์˜ ์˜๋„๋Š” ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:23
in case you don't get it.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:28
Now this says, "Note to the viewer:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธํŠธ --"
13:30
I thought I might use a visual cliche of our time -- Magritte's everyman --
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"์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ"
13:33
to express the idea that art is mystery, continuity and history.
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"์ €๋Š” ๋งค๊ทธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ 'Everyman' ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ง„๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:37
I'm also convinced that, in an age of computer manipulation,
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"์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ"
13:40
surrealism has become banal,
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"์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,"
13:43
a shadow of its former self.
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"๊ตฌ์‹์„ ๋‹ต์Šตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:45
The phrase 'Art is whatever'
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"'๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค (Art is whatever)' ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์€"
13:47
expresses the current inclusiveness that surrounds art-making --
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"์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํฌ์šฉ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:50
a sort of 'it ain't what you do, it's the way that you do it' notion.
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"์ผ์ข…์˜ '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ."
13:53
The shadow of Magritte falls across the central part of the poster
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"๋งค๊ทธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:57
a poetic event that occurs as the shadow man isolates the word 'hat,'
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ 'whatever'์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘์—์„œ 'hat' ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”"
14:02
hidden in the word 'whatever.'
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"์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ."
14:04
The four hats shown in the poster suggests how art might be defined:
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"ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ"
14:07
as a thing itself, the worth of the thing, the shadow of the thing,
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"๋ชจ์ž ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด, ๋ชจ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ๋ชจ์ž์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ž์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์„œ"
14:11
and the shape of the thing.
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์ •์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:13
Whatever."
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"๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .(Whatever)"
14:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:16
OK.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:22
And the one that I did not submit,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
14:25
which I still like,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
I wanted to use the same phrase.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
There were wonderful experiments by Bruno Munari
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „์— ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์”จ๊ฐ€
14:35
on letterforms some years ago --
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๋ฌธ์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:37
sort of, see how far you could go and still be able to read them.
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๋ฌธ์ž์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
And that idea stuck in my head.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์— ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
But then I took the pieces that I had taken off and put them at the bottom.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์•„๋žซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋†“์•„๋‘์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:46
And, of course those are the remains, and they're so labeled.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:51
But what really happens is that you read it as:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
14:54
"Art is whatever remains."
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"์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. (Art is whatever remains)" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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